So one of the amazing things about the net is not so much how it makes lots of data available (actually that can be the nightmare of the net) but how it makes it available. And one of the more powerful forms of availability is in the form of visual mapping. So this new tool theNNDB Mapper is just one such visualization tool that I have to say, is pretty niftfy, though still a little green and beta at least in terms of its data. Take for example, the hacker map, which is pretty sparse right now but the great thing about it is 1) one can add data 2) and it generates useful data and links, for example, to profiles, such as this this one of Kevin Mitnick. Apparently, he is not linked to anyone, which is ironic (and just wrong) because he it is more correct to say was linked like to an entire generation of hackers, especially those who participated in the Free Kevin movement (and that could perhaps be another field?)..

Yesterday I received two new machines from DOLA on-line auctions [1]. I decided to use the first to replace the hardware for my SE Linux Play Machine [2]. The previous machine I had used for that purpose was a white-box 1.1GHz Celeron and I replaced it with an 800MHz Pentium3 system (which uses only 35W when slightly active and only 28W when the hard disk spins down [3]). The next step was to get the machine in question ready for it’s next purpose, I was planning to give it to a friend of a friend. A machine of those specs which was made by Compaq would be very useful to me, but when it’s a white-box I’ll just give it away. So I installed new RAM and a new hard drive in it (both of which had been used in another machine a few hours earlier and seemed to be OK) and turned it on. Nothing happened, I was just checking that it was plugged in correctly when I noticed smoke coming from the PSU… It seems strange that the machine in question had run 24*7 for about 6 months and then suddenly started smoking after being moved to a different room and being turned off overnight. It is possible that the hard drive was broken and shorted out the PSU (the power cables going to the hard drive are thick enough that it could damage the PSU if it had a short-circuit). What I might do in the future is keep an old and otherwise useless machine on hand for testing hard drives so that if something like that happens then it won’t destroy a machine that is useful. Another possibility is that the dust in the PSU contained some metal fragments and that moving the machine to another room caused them to short something out, but there’s not much I can do with that when I get old machines. I might put an air filter in each room that I use for running computers 24*7 to stop such problems getting worse in future though. I recently watched the TED lecture “5 dangerous things you should let your kids do” [4], so I’m going to offer the broken machine to some of my neighbors if they want to let their children take it apart.

• [1] http://www.dola.com.au


• [2] http://www.coker.com.au/selinux/play.html


• [3] http://doc.coker.com.au/environment/computer-power-use/


• [4] http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/202

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Setting environment variables at X login I've been asked how to set a variable after gdm has done login. ~/.bashrc is not an option, as it's only run by shells, but we want the variable to be set in every X application that is started. The answer is:

• ~/.profile for text and graphical sessions
• ~/.xprofile for graphical sessions only

Forget about ~/.xinitrc. ~/.xsession and ~/.Xsession: at least in gnome-session, they do not work. Update: * On IRC, I've been told that ~/.xsessionrc should be used since xorg 1:7.3+9

I am affiliated with a project whose origin is the northern parts of Canada, although whose members span the globe called What Sort of People Should There Be?. The idea behind this nifty and catchy title is to get a bunch of researchers in various fields, from disability studies to philosophy and everything that comes in between to start asking a series of questions about the role of human enhancement today and eugenics in the past, all within the context of thinking about the experience and politics of disability. I am super excited about the project because it spans the past and present to confront what it means to be human, how we value variation, how we seek to support or erase difference, and lastly something close to my academic heart, the role of technology in facilitating and dampening the politics of possibility and hope when it comes to disability. The project has recently launched an multi-author blog and I will be posting there from time to time. If you are interested in this topic, do come by for a visit. I am sure you won’t be disappointed. My most recent post is here and it covers an interesting article in the New York Times on Mad Pride, which oddly enough is in the Fashion & Style section.

A little off-topic exercise conducted in the "eye of the storm", when Ilenia and Helen were still in the hospital: A post on Seth Robert's blog brings up the idea that many Chinese restaurants were opened as a way to go into business without competing with native male workers. The post made the rounds of several other online journals. That was the push I needed to get up and go collect a few statistics of my own, regarding an idea I've been kicking around for a while. My theory is that the number of restaurants of a given type, divided by the number of immigrants from that country might be an interesting way of guaging the popularity of the cuisine in question. In order to simplify things just a bit, I actually used data from Italy, for the following reasons:

• Most immigration to Italy is pretty recent, so it's not necessary to account for the length of time different immigrant groups have been present, and the effects that may have had on the diffusion of a given cuisine.
• Immigration statistics were readily available: http://demo.istat.it/str2006/index.html
• Italian the language almost completely corresponds to Italy the country (outside of a chunk of Switzerland, San Marino, and the Vatican), something that makes things that much easier.
• I speak Italian, so it was easy to find out all the information I needed

Unfortunately, finding out the number of restaurants of various types is far from an exact measurement, and since this is a quick fun project, I just went for Yahoo search (they deserve credit for keeping their search API open when Google's was closed) results on terms like "Ristorante Turco" (Turkish), "Ristorante Messicano" (Mexican), and so on. This was the most expedient means of gathering information quickly, but this approach does present a number of obvious problems, listed here in the hope that someone without diapers to change and a business to run might come up with some good answers:

• Some hits likely come from people talking about a restaurant that happens to be in a country, like "ristorante americano". "Nel tipico ristorante americano, ...." or in other words, "In a typical American restaurant", rather than an American-style restaurant in Italy, which is what we were looking for in the first place. This is probably also true of countries close to Italy, where people go on vacation and thus have occasion to write about their experiences in a "ristorante tedesco" (German), rather than going to eat in a German restaurant in Italy. Perhaps the search query could be improved in an attempt to eliminate this sort of false positive.
• Some restaurants probably are not known as, nor brand themselves with a country name, but instead utilize titles like "Middle Eastern", "Arab", "South American", "African", or others that do not correspond with any one country in particular. It would be possible to group countries together with other adjectives, and get statistics for these clusters as well.
• Measuring hits is measuring what people are talking about, rather than simply restaurants that exist, so if restaurants from a certain country are more talked about than others, that would muddy the statistics a bit. However, it seems reasonable that people would mostly talk about restaurants in proportion to their popularity, and I don't see a particular reason why there would be more talk of Vietnamese restaurants, say, than Thai restaurants, compared to the actual numbers.

That said, for a quick project, this approach seemed to work out ok, and the results appear credible. Obviously, the results also reflect people discussing certain cuisines, rather than an actual number of restaurants, but since it does reflect interest, we'll use the number in any case. Since the number of restaurants/interest in a type of restaurant was clearly not correlated directly with the number of immigrants, other factors must come into play. For instance, "ristorante giapponese" turns up 125,000 hits, but the stats say only 6873 Japanese nationals live in Italy. As above, hits don't mean actual restaurants, but clearly Japanese cuisine is not being popularized through immigration. Here's my guess: these statistics show, to some degree, what people in the host country actually like to eat. Food that tastes good means more restaurants. Things that aren't that popular mean few restaurants, even if there are many immigrants. To pick on one country, there are many Philippino immigrants in Italy, but very few search hits - and anecdotally, I've never seen a Philippino restaurant in Italy either, whereas even smaller towns like Padova have Chinese, Mexican (well, it's called that, even if it's a shadow of the real thing), Japanese, various Arab and middle eastern restaurants, and even a few less common things like Eritrean. And I know that many native and foreign restaurants employ Philippino cooks. Below is the chart I whipped up showing the number of Yahoo hits per immigrant. The Italian names shouldn't be too hard to figure out. A few tricky ones: Giordano-Jordanian, Giamaicano-Jamaican, Spagnolo-Spanish. If you're interested in numbers or source code, contact me.

We've had two serious bugs on the NSLU2 recently that both caused the system not too boot anymore. The first one was related to initramfs-tools. Kevin Price reported that after upgrading to initramfs-tools 0.92 the system would hang during boot waiting for the root filesystem. When I booted my NSLU2 and looked at the output, I noticed that no root device was set. When I mentioned this to maks, the maintainer of the initramfs-tools package, he immediately knew what was wrong and uploaded a fix. On the NSLU2, the boot loader doesn't pass a root device to the kernel so we set one in the initramfs itself. The code that loads this config variable is not used by many devices so nobody noticed that this got broken in 0.92 until the package moved to testing. The second problem, reported on Saturday by Paul Collins and diagnosed today with some help from Kevin Price is also related to the strange way the NSLU2 boots. The NSLU2 has 6 MB available for the ramdisk but due to a bug in APEX (the second stage loader used on the NSLU2 by Debian) only 4 MB are actually used. When you write a ramdisk that is larger than 4 MB but smaller than 6 MB, flash-kernel will happily write the full image, but APEX will only tell the kernel about the first 4 MB. As it turns out, everything works fine on arm with 2.6.25, but on armel some additional SCSI modules are enabled that result in the ramdisk becoming too large. The short term solution is to disable these modules, but really APEX should finally be fixed (patches have been available for quite a while thanks to Gordon Farquharson). Fortunately 2.6.25 hasn't moved to testing yet and this problem only occurs on armel, so few people were impacted. The nice thing about the NSLU2 is that you can write a new flash image via the network, so you can flash a good image in case your machine no longer boots. Nevertheless, we have to make sure such serious bugs don't occur in the future or that they are at least caught very early. Special thanks go to testers like Kevin Price.

My slug was temporarily bricked for a few days due to a mistake on my part. Fortunately, numerous write-ups by Martin Michlmayr and others helped me. Here I am adding one more source of the same information!The following assumes that you have a backup.img which contains bootable Debian firmware for the slug but has the wrong kernel and initrd. One can probably use the Debian firmware that is the Debian Installer image otherwise --- but I have not tested this!Moreover, I also assume that you have the full system installed on a USB disk which you have mounted on your regular desktop at /mnt.

Copy the kernel and initrdWe just create an new "recovery" directory and copy boot/ over from the mounted USB disk.

mkdir recover; cd recover
cp -a /mnt/boot .

At this point you can un-mount the USB disk and keep it ready to connect it to the slug.

Extract the files from the slug imageNext we extract the files from the slug backup image into another directory.

mkdir files; cd files
slugimage -u -i ../../backup.img

(Here you must use the actual path to the backup image file)

Replace initrd and vmlinuz by new onesWe first pad the initrd

dd if=../boot/initrd.img of=new-ramdisk ibs=4M conv=sync

(here you must you the actual file name of the initrd.img that you want to use to boot the slug) ... and then swap bytes

devio '<< new-ramdisk; xp $ 4' > ramdisk.gz 
rm new-ramdisk 

Next we swap bytes for the kernel as well

devio '<< ../boot/vmlinuz; xp $4' > vmlinuz 

(again you must use the actual file name of the kernel image in place of ../boot/vmlinuz above).

Actually build the imageThis is just a single command

slugimage -L apex.bin -r ramdisk.gz -k vmlinuz -p -o ../../new.img

Put the slug in "firmware upload mode"

1. Put the slug off and disconnect everything from it.
2. Connect an ethernet cable ¹ between your desktop and the slug. Connect the power plug for the slug but do not switch it on yet.
3. Push a pin into the hole marked RESET at the back of the slub. Keep the pin pressed, while pressing and releasing the power button on the slug. Wait with the pin pressed until the top light on the slug turns red and the instantly release the pin.

You slug is now reset and waiting for a firmware upload.

Upload the firmwareOn your desktop run the command

sudo upslug2 -i ../../new.img -d eth0

(Here ../../new.img should be replaced by the path for the image created above and eth0 should be the name of the ethernet interface on the desktop to which you connected the other end of your lan cable.)This step takes a short while but shows you some progress information.

All systems "Go!"If all went well you have rejuvenated your slug. You can now reconnect your USB disk to your slug and the system should boot as usual.

---

1. You may need a cross-over cable if your desktop lan card is really old. ↩

Last weekend, Sarah and I went to the Maker Faire again. I love how I don't even have to negotiate with Sarah to go, she loves it just for watching the Combot Cup, where the combat robots destroy each other spectacularly. Ever since Jon Oxer gave his Hardware/Software Hacking: Joining the Real and the Virtualtalk at Google about, I got vaguely interested in electronics again. The Arduino board seemed like a pretty cool thing to hack on, and since it seemed like I'd need to get vaguely electronically savvy to do a thing or two for the dream home we want to build one day (which coincidentally seems to quite similar to what Jon's currently building), I figured I'd have to get my act together and learn the difference between an Ohm and an Amp. The last time I dabbled in electronics was as a kit, with the ubiquitous Dick Smith Funway 1 kit. So the Maker Store at the Faire had copies of Making Things Talk, bundled with an Arduino starter kit, so I lashed out on one of them, a BoArduino, and a little breadboard-based electronics kit. I've been flicking through the Making Things Talk book, and reading the projects. The Arduino board seems really cool. The Processing/Wiring language seems fairly straightforward. I'd decided that my "project" would be a water monitor for the cat water bowl. We have a dish with a little tank on it, not unlike the office water cooler, and it usually lasts about 7 days. We typically refill it on a Saturday as part of the weekend chores. Sometimes our schedule gets a bit disrupted (we go away, we have visitors) and we forget. Or worse, we're away, have a house sitter, and they completely forget to check it. It's only happened a couple of times, but we really don't want to neglect the cats. So I thought a water sensor would be a perfect project. One of the projects in the book involves a Bluetooth modem, so I figured that as the MythTV box has a Bluetooth adapter, and would be within range of the water bowl, I could use it to monitor the water sensor (as well as stick a blinking light on it). The end goal is to have the house call us (via Asterisk and eSpeak) if the water bowl gets empty. So I ordered a Bluetooth modem, the exact part number in the book, and it arrived on the weekend, and I got around to playing with it today. To cut a long story short, I was messing around with it attached to a USB to TTL serial cable, and I was trying to get it to talk to my laptop, and instead of swapping the TX and RX lines, I swapped the V_CC and ground lines, and well, I let the magic blue smoke out. What I discovered, after the fact, was that the Bluetooth chipset had been changed since the book had been written, and so the commands for the chipset were different. So most of my second-guessing whether I had the TX and RX round right way was because of that. So I'm miffed with myself for frying the thing within hours of getting my hands on it, and I'm miffed with the supplier for maintaining the same product ID for a product that has changed componentry. Chalk that one up to experience... To add insult to injury, Spark Fun is out of stock of the (cheaper) item that it turns out I want instead. I doubt I'll get my hands on it until after we get back from Zurich, so it'll be another three weeks before I can begin to make any progress. I guess I can try to prototype the water-sensing part with the board connected to my laptop with the USB cable in the meantime...

Really, really windy day. There was a tornado watch until 3, which I didn't think much about until I was up on a ridge overlooping Slagle Hollow at 3:30, in one of the strongest winds I've experienced, blowing small branches past me. And lost. That could have not turned out well, but I made the right guesses at the turns, and it gave me the incentive to power-hike for an hour to get down off the hill and back to Roosterfront. Before that I found a beautiful long hollow full of mossy deadfalls and trilliums, atonishingly close to the well-traveled trails.

I have updated apt-p2p to version 0.1.3, which is available now in unstable and my repository (see my previous post introducing apt-p2p). This update brings mostly speed improvements to finding peers to download from, and performing the download. Nodes in the DHT are now checked for responsiveness more thoroughly before adding them to the routing table, and rechecked more frequently afterwards. This should prevent bad nodes from propagating through the system, and departing nodes remaining in the system long after they have left. Downloading from peers is also quicker, as bad peers are dropped with a quicker timeout value and after a small number of errors. There was also a bug revealed by about 10% of the mirrors that caused downloads to fail, and was fixed in version 0.1.2. This update is STRONGLY recommended, as keeping unresponsive nodes out of the DHT will make everyone's experience better. If you tried apt-p2p and had some problems, I hope you'll consider trying again now. Unfortunately, these are enhancements I could not predict needing before releasing to the public, as the problems they solve are all caused by having a larger number of users, some of which are unresponsive. There are still a large number of peers (maybe 50% of them) that are unreachable, and so can not share any files with other peers. I don't have a good way to check yet, but you can go to sites such as this one to probe your client for you. Just enter the remote IP address and port (available on the status page) of your client in the form http://ipaddress:port/ (e.g. http://1.2.3.4:9977/). If the check returns any HTTP headers (even a 404 Not Found response) then you're fine, but if it doesn't return anything then your peer is firewalled or NATted and should probably be fixed. Here are the changelog entries for 0.1.2 and 0.1.3:

• Speed up downloading from peers
  • Set a new peer's ranking values so they don't get an unfair advantage.
  • Reduce the HTTP connection timeout to 10s.
  • Drop peers after a limited number of errors.
• Speed up the DHT requests when nodes fail
  • Schedule a re-ping message after adding a new node.
  • When a node fails, schedule a future ping to check again.
  • Send periodic finds to nodes that are stale.
  • Increase the stored value redundancy to 6.
  • Increase the concurrency of DHT requests to 8.
  • Add early termination and ignoring slow responses to recursive DHT actions when timeouts occur.
• Remove the debconf note about port forwarding (Closes:#479492)
  • Add a NEWS entry for port forwarding
• Fixed a bug in the HTTP downloader that caused errors with some mirrors that always close the connections (Closes: #479455)

From Berne, the Swiss capital, hails a band I really like by the name of Z ri West. The name itself is a pun: the folks from Berne love their city (rightfully so!) and join the rest of Switzerland in looking down a bit upon Zurich, which is metropolitan and hip and has often been considered the real capital of Switzerland. Located west of Zurich, Berne is thus Z ri West , and by using this name, the Bernese band ridicules the Zurich folks a bit. Well, that s my interpretation anyway and I make no claim over its correctness, and I surely don t want to get mixed up in local politics! Where was I? Oh yeah: Z ri West (Flash-using homepage] make rock music, and they re good with their instruments. The result are groovy and melodic sounds, which everyone in Switzerland knows. What I find particularly amazing about this band are their lyrics. Kuno, the singer, sings almost all songs in the Bernese dialect, which I ve learnt to the point of understanding it, though I can t speak it yet. It s a beautiful dialect, and Kuno displays magnificent control over it. When I say beautiful, I do not only mean its sound, but also the way it allows one to express thoughts, situations, feelings, etc.. It s very lyrical, often poetic, but always very much to the point. It sounds natural, yet not at all blunt. In addition, Z ri West s songs display no haste. Again, this is a bit ironic since the Bernese are said to be slow, but what I mean is that the band is unafraid to take their time to recount what they have to say. Forget 4/4 beats and verse-chorus-bridge-verse-chorus, it s a lot more as if the band shaped the music around the story they re telling. (Of course I have no reason to claim that the Bernese are actually slow. According to my dear (Bernese) friend Isabel, they are just considerate to give the rest of the world enough time to parse and understand their sophisticated verbal and non-verbal output). I won t be able to convey all of the lyrical beauties of their music to you, but what I want to do is translate my favourite of their songs, which is based on a story by Peter Bichsel and it s called America does not exist . Keep in mind that their version rhymes, which I won t be able to achieve in the translation. I ll try to keep the flow though. Imagine a jazzy, slightly Latin groove to it. And it s sung, not spoken.

This is the story of Colombo
not the one from the TV show
but of a guy who once lived in Spain
and who was a bit of a freak
capable of nothing
and always telling weird stuff
without giving it much thought
until one day someone told him: you ve got to learn a trade
you have to live your life
nobody takes you for real like this
and most just laugh about you
what are the options
he asked - what do you do
I m an explorer - the other guy said
I sail my ship out to the sea
through the various parts of the globe
that sounds very interesting - I d like that too
and so Colombo said - I ll become a famous explorer And he told it to everyone
and everyone just started laughing
and he said: just wait and see
and the people didn t believe him
and he got sulky
and the people almost died laughing
and he left the town
and hid somewhere in the forest
where he remained for 13 weeks - 13 weeks in the shrubs
and the people searched and felt ashamed
and noone knew where he might be
and noone laughed anymore when suddenly on a wonderful morning he was back
then everyone rejoiced
and when he said: i told you so
I discovered a new land
it s out there somewhere in the sea
then everyone listened
and was kind to him
and tried hard to make some dreadfully serious faces The explorer from the first verse
Amerigo Vespucci is his name
just happened to be in town
and said: good for you, but I won t believe you until I see it myself
and went off to set sail immediately
and after exactly 13 weeks and a day and a night he was finally back
and the people all went down to the port
and Colombo was nervous, almost ill because he had lied
and he was horribly frightened
and pale
and looked noone in the eyes But Vespucci smiled and stood in front of the people
and blinked at Colombo and told that he had found it
and Colombo was so glad that he didn t tell on him
and called out Amerigo Amerigo and the people joined in And Colombo became famous and until the end of his days
he was never actually sure and never dared to ask
whether America really existed
over time, more people went there and when they came back
they told stories and they tell the same stories until today
and noone knows anything more than he knew before
and everyone saw exactly the same
and that sounds very dodgy
and tastes a bit like screenplay and Hollywood America doesn t exist
they never found it
America doesn t exist
it s all just a tale
America doesn t exist
it s all lies and made up
America doesn t exist
America is just a rumour

NP: Z ri West: Z ri West

Something I never really mentioned was the purchase of the foldable bike: a Dahon with a reasonably lightweight aluminum frame, a seven-speed hub and high-pressure tires. It's great fun in the city for the rides to and from the commuter train, or across downtown for occasional errrands after work. I have had this foldable bike for nearly two years, and used it almost (work-)daily, even in the Chicago winters. 'Almost' because I did suffer from broken parts on a few occassions: a pedal broke (easy replacement), the axis in the front wheel broke (a good week for a new and inexpensive wheel) but the bummer was that a part of the frame-folding mechanism broke last fall. Given that the bike, which I bought used via craigslist, is a few years old, the part was no longer standard and so we waited for it to be shipped from the manufacturer. And waited and waited some more until Dan's decided to give me a matching part from a bike in their inventory. But apart from that episode, and the occassional problem with conductors on the Metra commuter trains, it has been a smooth ride. Highly recommended, and I do see a few more foldable bikes downtown. But what is new now is that I finally gave in and bought a road bike, once again off craigslist. My daily commute is about ten miles one-way, which works out to about 35 to 40 minutes of cycling, plus a few minutes of locking/un-locking, changing, etc. I had used my trusted (yet heavier) touring bike with its steel frame a number of times, but felt that a road bike may make for a faster ride. While it saves a few minutes, it is not really a time saver as the bike-train-bike commute also takes around 40 to 50 minutes. That said, riding is simply a nice way to clear the head before or after work. I am back on the schedule I tried for a few weeks last summer / fall: running on Tuesday and Thursday leaves Monday, Wednesday and Friday for the bike commute. So far, I am 8 for 9 over the last three weeks. On the downside: one rather wet ride home, and already to minor flats that (luckily) still allowed riding home. The hardest part is meeting up with some other riders at 6:00am meaning that I am now getting up at 5:00am whether I am running or not. But all told a nice way to get some exercise in outside of running.

I bought an HCL MiLeap X for Shruti (who is in the tenth standard) and the IMSc purchased an eeePC for "general use". Now that I have both machines in front of me, it seems like a good time to review them.

SimilaritiesLet's be clear that we are not comparing "jamun" to "aam" (or apples to oranges, if you prefer); these machines have quite a few similarities. Both are aimed at young students who are starting to use the computer for "real work" for the first time. Both the machines run GNU/Linux, and have similar dimensions and features --- even the prices are close. However, we are here to "raise the differences and not bury them"!

Physical appearanceThe eeePC is marginally lighter and more compact. The MiLeap appears to be more rugged though I didn't dare drop either machine to check!The eeePC has a rectangular touchpad which appears to have only one button but in fact this button has a left and right! The MiLeap has two regular buttons and a circular(!) touchpad.The MiLeap is bulkier but has a nice handle to lift it by. The eeePC can be carried like a book and has a matt finish.Both were proclaimed "cute" by Shruti and Sudeshna; I depend on their opinions in such matters!

Hardware featuresThe eeePC scores over the MiLeap X in terms of hardware features. The former has a web camera, a VGA out and one additional USB port. At the same time, the remaining features of both devices are likely to be adequate for most users --- 900 MHz low power processor, graphics adapter, wireless, ethernet, smart card reader. The eeePC has 4GB storage to the 2GB on the MiLeap, but the larger base software install on the eeePC means that the user has about the same amount of working area on both machines.The extra hardware features on the eeePC do give value for the 10% extra that one pays for the eeePC; the latter costs Rs. 17K to the MiLeap's Rs. 15.5K.

SoftwareThis is where the difference between the two is most striking. The MiLeap comes with a pre-installed "classmate" version of EduBuntu. The net result is that this looks and feels like a regular GNU/Linux system configured with software appropriate for educational use.The eeePC on the other hand has a completely icon-driven interface where even getting a terminal is not easy (Ctrl+Alt+T). However, this is just the icing on top of a regular icewm cake. The applications that actually run are just the regular ones --- not customised to fit in with the point-and-click interface.The eeePC terminal has really small fonts and is a regular xterm so that fonts are not as easy to fix as they are for the Gnome terminal used by EduBuntu on the MiLeap. Overall, EduBuntu applications which are based on Gnome are more consistent with the interface than the mix and match between KDE, Gnome and icewm that has been attempted by Xandros; the latter has a lot of promise but needs more work!It was easier to install software on the MiLeap since the EduBuntu repository is significantly larger than Xandros' repository as used by eeePC. In particular, on the MiLeap we installed nethack-qt since that is Shruti's favourite game and openvpn which is needed for us to connect to IMSc from outside the LAN.The installation of the MiLeap is that of Intel's ClassmatePC on which it is based. The entire installation is on a squashfs filesystem image. The base system is used via unionfs at run time on both machines. This makes for easy "reset to default".Suspend-to-ram does not work on the MiLeap; it should be fixed by installing the Linux 2.6.25 kernel.

PhilosophyI have long believed that un-prejudiced minds (like children) will take more readily to GNU/Linux than the hordes of "experienced" (mostly adult) computer users who have well-formed opinions about "user-friendly" software and how particular applications should behave.The "standard" GNU/Linux interface actually encourages exploration and the "tune-it", "tinker" and "fix-it" approach to learning about computing. It is not a sealed box with a "do-not-tamper" sticker. (This tinkering attitude is further enhanced by the approach taken by the designers of the Sugar interface for the XO Laptop.)Since both the systems are based on GNU/Linux (and Debian derivatives no less!), I am nothing short of thrilled at how far things have come. However, will the interface of the eeePC actually encourage exploration? Perhaps the EduBuntu interface of the MiLeap will prove too daunting for a novice. (Shruti does not classify as one since she used GNU/Linux "forever".) Only time will tell ...As Larry Wall has famously said: "There's more than one way to do it!" These devices certainly prove the truth of that assertion within the GNU/Linux world.Devices like these could push GNU/Linux into mainstream usage much more effectively than the "battle for the desktop". Hence, it is perhaps not surprising the both MicroSoft and Apple are trying hard to get into the game. However, it is only GNU/Linux that can comfortably provide a plethora of applications in less than 2GB! Until small solid state disks become significantly cheaper, those guys will have to wait.

Starting to play with eeePC. Thanks to ASUS, I am now playing with an eeePC. With the help of Andrew Lee, I have set up LXDE environment, with full wifi support (through madwifi), and other goodies. I'm now looking into making the boot time shorter. I like the concept of finit, which is just to rewrite most initialization in C, nothing can beat that. However, Debian in general will need something more extensible than that. insserv and CONCURRENCY=shell helped the boot time a bit but it's still in the orders of approx. 60 seconds, which isn't quite fast enough.

Modern CPUs are great. They have all sorts of advanced power saving features, which is one of those nice cases where everyone can save money, gain performance and claim environmental credentials at the same time. Everyone's a winner.

Well. Everyone's a winner as long as your software doesn't suck.

I've talked about the benefits of the tickless kernels and reducing wakeups and spending longer in deep C states before, so if you don't know about them then go and read that first. This time I'm going to focus on a different level of hardware, and a different level of suck.

For a long time, laptops supported changing the speed of processors when switching between AC and battery. CPU power consumption is proportional to frequency, so dropping the frequency meant a longer battery life. Of course, it also meant that it took longer to get anything done - the reason this was still a win was because CPUs in those days consumed just as much power when idle as when running. Transmeta introduced a technology called Longrun with their Crusoe processors, bringing the ability to drop both the frequency and the voltage of the CPU simultaneously. With power consumption being proportional to the square of the voltage, even a small drop resulted in worthwhile power savings. As the only really worthwhile thing Transmeta brought to the x86 world[1], this was unsurprisingly ripped off by everyone else. Intel introduced their Enhanced Speedstep, AMD gave people PowerNow and VIA have Longhaul.

Obviously, reducing the frequency of the CPU increased battery life. Everyone's happy?

No[2].

The problem is that nowadays, processors don't consume as much energy when they're idle as when they're running. The aforementioned C states mean that an idle processor consumes a tiny percentage of a loaded one - an ultra-low voltage Intel part will draw on the order of a watt. Executing code, even at the lowest voltage and frequency, will draw far more power. Obviously, we want to keep the processor idle for as long as possible. The easiest way to do this would be to never run anything, but that's not a real option. The alternative is to run when we have to, but make sure that we get it over with as quickly as possible so we can return to the idle state. Counterintuitively, that means switching to the highest voltage and frequency, executing the code and then dropping back into the idle state. By going faster, we save power[3].

In summary, the only sensible way to use a CPU is to run it as fast as possible in order to let it idle as much as possible, and drop the frequency and voltage when it's not doing anything. The. Only. Sensible. Way.

Some people write software that lets you choose different power profiles depending on whether you're on AC or battery. Typically, one of the choices lets you reduce the speed of your processor when you're on battery. This is bad. It is wrong. The people who implement these programs are dangerous. Do not listen to them. Do not endorse their product and/or newsletter. Do not allow your eldest child to engage in conjugal acts with them. Doing this will reduce your battery life. It will heat up your home. It will kill baby seals. The sea will rise and your car will float away. If you are already running it, make sure that it always sets your cpufreq governor to ondemand and does not limit the frequencies in use. Failure to do so will result in me setting you on fire[4].

The only legitimate reasons for limiting the speed of your CPU are to avoid overheating (which should be fixed in the kernel, really - having userspace in charge of ensuring the continued functioning of the machine is madness) or to make the machine quieter. And if you want your machine to be quieter, there should be a tickbox marked "Reduce performance in order to reduce noise" or something, which would take into account all the sources of heat in your machine rather than just your CPU. Encouraging the managing of acoustic levels by asking users to restrict the functionality of their CPU is just another way of saying "Look! We suck!". Letting the user choose a specific CPU governor or a specific frequency is not a useful thing to do. Don't do it unless you want to see dead kittens. Delivered by UPS.

[1] And, presumably, whatever else Intel and everyone else ended up licensing off them which resulted in their reinvention as an IP company rather than a CPU one, but that's just not interesting to me.

[2] Even ignoring the people that are unhappy for entirely unrelated reasons, such as injured toenails or the brutal murder of their family

[3] There's a corner case here, which is a system that is always entirely CPU bound. Say we halve the CPU's speed. Along with the voltage drop, that gets us down to about 20% of the original power consumption. Of course, it now takes twice as long to do anything and your screen, RAM, hard drive, chipset and so on are still drawing power, so will end up costing you twice as much power as they would have done if you'd run at full speed. If you do the maths, it works out that you save power if your processor's full-speed power consumption is more than 1.7 times that of the rest of the platform. In the real world, things are made more complicated by the rest of your platform consuming more power if you're working over a longer period of time - your hard drive is going to end up spending more time spun up, your memory bus is going to be active for longer and so on. You're basically not going to hit this case.

[4] While the burning of your body will result in carbon emissions, the reduction in power usage should offset this in the long run

Helping a user run GNU/Linux programs on a proprietary system when one knows that the user has no intention of switching to the use of a free system is generally a bad idea. It is sometimes called "enabling" and is generally considered a waste of one's time.All the same, there are situations when one is faced with a Mac¹ with strict instructions not to reboot or otherwise "disturb" the existing system.The news in brief is:

Debian Etch runs with Xorg (vesa driver) under Parallels.
It installs using "mini.iso" for network based install.

Using this one can run all the GNU/Linux programs one needs. It "disturbs" the existing system less than things like "fink" or "MacPorts".Another alternative is "VirtualBox" from Sun which is free for educational use (and has an "Open Source Edition" too!).QEMU offers yet another alternative. Since it emulates all the hardware it is significantly slower. However, on current hardware, the speed will be more than adequate if you just want to use standard desktop tools from GNU/Linux.

Pros

1. Applications run in the environment they were designed for.
2. Speed is "native" for running computational code as there
   is no emulation going on for this part.
3. X applications work in full screen mode.
4. Full networking support.

Cons

1. Can only run in 32-bit mode.
2. Currently runs X in "vesa" modes so you don't have
   accelerated graphics.
3. Some keys like F10 and Ctrl+Alt Alt+Enter are trapped by
   MacOS so you may have to remap these keys if your application
   uses them. (For example, Ctrl+T instead of F10 for aptitude).
4. Possible delay in disk access since parallels provides an
   "emulated disk".

Not yet tried

1. Sharing files (Samba/NFS/SSHfs?)

---

1. Also known as Macintrash. ↩

I normally avoid topics of a personal nature in this journal, as it's meant for programming / business topics, however, I am extremely happy to announce the birth of our first daughter!

This made my day! Here's an excerpt if you're too lazy to click on the link: "Als humanos, tambien nations, after seine geborn, become bambinos und grow adult. Aber als humanos, sommige nations never become adult und necessite psychiatrico help", dixit once Sigmund Freud aan Herr Kanzelier Otto Von Bismarck attemptante de le convince que Germania eine tumultuosa puberty was traversante.
Otto Von Bismarck ignored die wise parolas des fader des psychanalyse und wat happened aan Germania next, wir know mucho well.
Die freudiana diagnose noch todag applicable und validissima est, by exemplo, por wat Grosse Britannia betreft. Eine nation die encore play mit kleine soldatos und make carnaval parades out des season, mature est suremente nicht.
Wat pushe flegmaticos aged britannicos de dresse in hooliganicos costumes und parade mit tambouros und trompettes in der nordirlandico landscape? Sicheremente eine mucho neglected mentale desease.
Eine people waar hombres can wel dress in skirts, waar animals habe more rights dann mensen, waar man drive op de wronge side des strada, must echtemente seriose problemas van personnality habe. Eine people die nicht only play cricket und darts, aber les regarde tambien op TV, bastante insane must definitamente esse.
(...) There are more texts in this, er, language, on the Europanto main site. Edit: fixed link

I would not blame the people I speak to regularly for getting some kind of fatigue regarding Nine Inch Nails. It seems like a week hasn't gone by this year without something happening: a single, an album, or tour dates. It didn't come as much of a suprise that a new album was released in it's entirety this monday gone. ID3 tags in previously-released singles said "watch nin.com on 5th of may". It wasn't even that suprising that the whole album was free, either. What was a suprise, to me at least, was that this album is fantastic. I'd heard two tracks prior to the album being released (although one only by a few days). Whilst I enjoyed them, they were pretty safe, lyrically and musically. They didn't push any boundaries. They also did not forshadow the album at all. This album is the best Nine Inch Nails release this century. It's too early to tell whether it stands higher in my estimation than 1999's The Fragile. If so, it's the best release since 1994. I had not even considered this a possibility. I also think it's the best album to present to someone who isn't familiar with their work to see if they'd like to look for more. It has a good range of tracks covering loud, aggressive, introspective, instrumental, dancable, dark and delicate. I'm now starting a self-imposed ban on listening to the album, so as to not overdo it too much so early on. Regardless, I can still hear The four of us are dead playing over and over again in my head. This is a strong candidate for my favourite NIN song ever. It made me think of what the Cure should be writing. Each track in this release (like each of the 36 tracks in the last album) have their own unique embedded picture in them. There is scant software in Debian that can handle these, unfortunately. I think "tagtool" can add and remove art. Amarok copes admirably. Rhythmbox doesn't, unless you apply this patch, which is stagnating in gnome's BTS, unfortunately. For the lazy (with 32bit x86), here's a tarball of a recent-ish rhythmbox rebuilt with this patch. I'd supply a Debian package but I didn't feel like building the documentation at the time. I haven't found a single program for the n800 that can handle the artwork.

Some of you might have noticed that in the recent weeks I wasn't active at all online. This was because I was on a vacation in Italy. On the way back I was eager to write about my experiences, but after entering Romania, I found out that may parents had been involved in a motorcycle accident due to a careless driver.

The accident took place on the second day of the Orthodox Easter (on the 28th of April)[1] while my parents were coming back from my sister's, just 20 km away from my home town, Caracal, in a village called Z noaga. There, a Daewoo Cielo was parked on the left side of the road[2], facing the direction towards Caracal. The driver decided that it was a good idea to turn his vehicle and, according to his declaration, instead of looking himself if there was anything comming, he asked a passenger if there were any cars comming.

Since a motorcycle is not a car, I guess the passenger thought it was OK to answer "no".

So the driver simply started his maneuver and managed to occupy the entire right lane, according to the accident schematics (I saw the official police schematics of the accident site with my own eyes). There were only 30 cm from the front most point of the car to the ditch on the right side of road, while the rear wheels were on the mark indicating the axis of the road. That left only 2 meters free on the opposite lane out of the 6.60 meters wide road, so there was no way for my father (driving the motorcycle) to avoid the collision, in spite of the fact he was travelling at about 40-50 km/h[3], within the legal speed limit (50 km/h).

My father barely had enough time to avoid the central pillar and aim for the rear right door of the car, obviously, a safer place to hit. Still, this wasn't enough to keep my mother on the motorcycle, a safer place for her than anywhere on the road.

My mother was projected over my father and over the car, and, luckily, landed on the side of the road, between the asphalt and the ditch, on an area covered with grass. She landed straight onto her head (the helmet protected her really well), and the shock of the landing propagated along the spine, resulting in the fracture of the L1 vertebra. She also got a fissure in the right clavicula, but that should already be OK now.

My father managed to remain on the motorcycle, but the impact was violent enough that he managed to bend the gas tank and has two huge bruises on the inside of his thighs (one for each leg). He also accuses pains in his shoulders and the lower end of the spine (unfortunately he "managed" not to do the medical investigations after the accident), but I hope all of these will pass soon and will have no ill effects. Also, out of sheer luck, at that time, my father was wearing a full-face helmet, contrary to his habit of earing an open-face helmet; due to this, his face was protected and suffered no harm, while the chin of the helmet broke after the impact with the motorcycle windshield. Also some deep scratches starting from the half of the helmet windshield up to the top of the helmet were the signs of a (probably second) violent impact with the motorcycle windshield.



So, the next time you are on the wheel, please look out for motorcycles, too. Motorcycles do exist on the road!

Also, I advice anyone driving a motorcycle to wear good protection equipment like a full-face helmet, jacket, pants, boots, gloves, etc. These helped a lot my parents, and will help you too, if, God forbid, you are involved in an accident.


My mother is in a cast that covers her from hips to shoulders to help with the fracture recovery and also wears a collar (just for safety reasons since she is suffering of spondyloses).
My father is able to walk (with some pain) and seems not to have any injures (I will take him for a close investigation some time soon in spite of his stubbornness).



[1] worrying for us (me and my future spouse), my parents didn't told us and waited for us to return to Romania
[2] in Romania the vehicles travel on the right side of the road, so the driver also drove on opposite lane, a fact which, according to the law, is punished with the suspension of the driving license
[3] he speed was confirmed by the measurements done by the police