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24 September 2012

Gerfried Fuchs: I hate my life

This poem was triggered by a discussion with a special person not special in the sense I address in the poem though.
My life's hating me
But it is not a one-way:
I'm hating my life Hate being special
I know I can help others
But what about me? All quite supportive
Respect for my openness
And encouraging Though, no step further
No clue how to handle me
Afraid to ask me Hooking up with me?
Suddenly embarrassing
Just scolding words left Want to be normal
Maybe I'll lie to myself
Though that won't work out I am what I am
And sometimes it just pains me:
Hate being special I'm hating my life
But it is not a one-way:
My life's hating me
Please refrain from asking whether I feel fine, I am in good mood. :) But I haven't written anything in a way too long time, I noticed how little actually during selecting poems for the International Poetry Night during debconf. So I picked up the idea and caressed it until I came up with the above piece about with which I am quite happy. Think about it, and ... try to enjoy. Potential interesting sidenote, if you wonder: the title refers to this snippet from the first Futurama episode: I hate my life I hate my life I hate my life. :)

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Russell Coker: Australian Mobile Phone Costs

I previously wrote about the changes to bundling prices by Virgin (which are similar to changes by other telcos) which make it uneconomical to take a bundled phone [1]. This makes it a little easier to compare telcos as there is no need to be concerned about which telcos offer phones you like. Now it s just a matter of call costs and this is easier to assess when the cost of a phone isn t adding to the confusion. Comparing Australian Telcos I m currently with Virgin and I ve found them to be OK in every way. They use the Optus network which isn t as good as the Telstra network but which supports more phones. Virgin charge $19 per month for a SIM without a phone, that gives you $450 worth of calls at a rate of $0.99 per minute + $0.40 connection and $0.28 SMS as well as free calls to other Virgin customers [2]. If the people you call most are on Virgin it s going to be almost impossible to use the $450 at those rates. The $19 plan only includes 250MB of data per month, for an extra $5 you can get another 500MB or for $10 you can get 2GB. For my use $29 is probably the right plan, for my wife $19 would do. Vodafone doesn t offer free calls to other Vodafone customers unless you are on a $30 per month plan, but that plan only gives 500MB of data measured in 12KB increments so that s going to be expensive. Also Vodafone have had some quality problems recently so I m not going to link to them. Optus has some interesting options, they start with a $14 per month plan that includes 50MB of data and 500SMS that could be good value if you do lots of SMS [3]. Also all their plans give free 5 minute calls to other phones on the same account this would be good if your SO is on the same phone account as you. Their plans offer small amounts of data and no apparent option for adding more which is a real problem for anyone who wants to use the Internet seriously. Telstra are really expensive, their web site is poorly designed, and they tell me to use Windows or a Mac. Everyone who spends most of their time in urban areas shouldn t consider them, the only reason for using Telstra is their coverage of rural areas. Internode have a new mobile phone service based on the Optus network which offers good value for money [4]. They start with a $10 per month plan that includes $165 of calls and SMS. The call cost is $0.90 per minute plus $0.35 flagfall and the SMS cost is $0.25. It also includes 100MB of data charged at 1KB increments. The $20 per month plan from Internode includes $450 of calls $1000 of free calls to other Internode mobile phones, and 1.5G of data transfer. Internode also has a $15 charge for sale and delivery of the SIM. Internode also offer 150GB of free social networking traffic, I wonder whether it would be viable to tunnel some other protocol over Twitter or Facebook TPG also has some good offers, $18 per month gives you 1.5GB of data measured in 10KB increments and $550 of phone calls at a cost of $0.90 per minute with $0.35 flagfall and $0.253 SMS cost and unlimited calls and SMS to other TPG mobile and land-line phones [5]. The $10 plan from TPG offers $2000 of free calls to other TPG phones, so if you only need 250MB of data in 10KB increments (which is a lot less than 250MB in 1KB increments) and want lots of free calls to your SO then TPG could be really good. I d rather pay an extra $2 to Internode and get data measured in 1KB increments. Conclusion My usage pattern includes a reasonably large number of calls to my wife and more than 500MB of data use every month. For this pattern the Internode plan is the cheapest for me and for my wife. It seems that a large portion of the phone using population who use the Internet a lot would find this to be an ideal plan. TPG is another good option, particularly for people who use TPG ADSL as they get a discount on the call rates and free calls to their land-line. It seems to me that anyone who uses a mobile phone enough that a pre-paid option isn t cheaper and who doesn t need the coverage that only Telstra can provide will be best served by Internode or TPG. I plan to transition to Internode some time after my current Virgin contract ends. I will probably delay the transition until the contracts for some of my wife s relatives expire. If we all migrate at the same time then we keep getting free calls to each other my relatives don t use mobile phones much so there s no money to save on calling them for free. Related posts:
  1. Is Lebara the Cheapest Mobile Phone company in Australia? My parents have just got a mobile phone with a...
  2. Choosing an Australian Mobile Telco for use with Android Since playing with the IBM Seer augmented reality software [1]...
  3. Changing Phone Prices in Australia 18 months ago when I signed up with Virgin Mobile...

23 September 2012

Gregor Herrmann: RC bugs 2012/38

during the last week, I've worked on the following RC bugs:

Petter Reinholdtsen: Seventy percent done with Norwegian docbook version of Free Culture

Since this summer, I have worked in my spare time on a Norwegian docbook version of the 2004 book Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig. The reason is that this book is a great primer on what problems exist in the current copyright laws, and I want it to be available also for those that are reluctant do read an English book. When I started, I called for volunteers to help me, but too few have volunteered so far, and progress is a bit slow. Anyway, today I broken the 70 percent mark for the first rough translation. At the moment, less than 700 strings (paragraphs, index terms, titles) are left to translate. With my current progress of 10-20 strings per day, it will take a while to complete the translation. This graph show the updated progress: Progress have slowed down lately due to family and work commitments. If you want to help, please get in touch, and check out the project files currently available from github. If you are curious what the translated book currently look like, the updated PDF and EPUB are published on github. The HTML version is published as well, but github hand it out with MIME type text/plain, confusing browsers, so I saw no point in linking to that version.

22 September 2012

Vasudev Kamath: Weekly Log - 22092012

After thinking a while I thought I should record my weekly FLOSS work and I'm starting by this week. This week I'm on vacation and in home town so I could give bit more time for my FLOSS activity. So here it goes this weeks work Bug Squashing
Both these packages are uploaded to unstable first RC bug was related to Debian Installer hence was unblocked before we could file unblock-request. Kartik filed an unblock-request and adsb unblocked it happily and both the packages landed in unstable. New Packages
Both these packages will be backported once Wheezy freezes. One pending wnpp is left on Debian-IN which I've left for Kartik to finish ;-). Font Package Helper I bumped version on dh-make-font[1] to 0.3 now it accepts upstream URL with -u, --upstream switch this will be placed in Homepage: field of control file and in Source: field of copyright file. Probably I need to think of introducing xz compression to original source tarball where upstream is not giving any tarball and probably rewrite it using Perl so it can get included dh-make package. Already a bug filed to get it included in dh-make package 658154. [1] http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=debian-in/dh-make-font.git;a=summary Misc and Learnings
Well that is it for this week. Hopefully I will have new stuffs to put up here for the next week, till then Cya.

21 September 2012

Gerfried Fuchs: BSP Essen November 2012

Wheezy is coming closer to the release, there though are still way too many release critical bugreports outstanding for it. Squeeze has already been released, but it has collected even more release critical bugreports than wheezy since. To be able to reduce these amounts I will be at the Linuxhotel in Essen at the weekend from 23rd to 25th of November, and it would be a great pleasure if I could convince you to join me in this effort. As readers of my blog might assume, my main aim will be those RC bugs affecting squeeze and I would be happy if some people interested to work on those could join me, I plan to give a quick quick explanation about the version tracking of the BTS and why we should care about stable too, but the event will definitely not be limited to squeeze RC bugs. Also, it will be a good chance to improve your key stats for the web of trust in case your GnuPG key hasn't got enough signatures yet or you want to transition to a stronger one. Please read the Community page of the Linuxhotel for what they offer for accommodation in case you want to use their lodging. Personally I'll go for the two-bed room with breakfast option, but you are of course free to bring your own sleeping bag and mat if you want to cut short on the expenses. In case of any questions, feel free to ask me right ahead. It would be great if we could help both our stable release and the next stable release during the weekend, and if you could join in! Please add yourself to the wiki page about the BSP.

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20 September 2012

Aigars Mahinovs: You though NVidia was bad, don t try AMD

Remember when Linus Torvalds lambasted NVidia for not supporting their Optimus technology in their Linux drivers for half a decade and counting? Well, I went out and bought an AMD/ATi video card as mu upgrade. And you know what? Its Linux drivers are far, far worse than NVidia.
1. Most of the games I had working fine on NVidia, do not work on AMD. And those that do suffer far more visual corruption, synchronization bugs (like bottom 40% of the screen rendering half a second after the top 60%), strange visual artifacts (weird triangles popping out of everywhere) and crashes, lots of crashes.
2. There were crashes with NVidia too, but NVidia never managed to crash Compiz along with it or crash the whole X server or lock up the system so far that only SysRq works or even lock up the system so far that only powering it off manually works.
3. And then there is the configuration atrocity. Apparently AMD is too good to store its configuration in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Or even to document the supported options there. Instead they have their own (also undocumented) configuration file in /etc/ati folder. And it is undocumented because it is a cryptic mess and the only supported way to change it is to use their tools aticonfig and amdccccle. The command line tool is almost reasonable, except it is also barely documented. For example, one of my screens somehow was always stared at 1920 1080@30Hz. There were 3 different ways to specify default resolution, but none of them used or saved the refresh rate. And when I changed it in the GUI tool the refresh rate did change, but it was never saved. Oh there nowhere is a save button. It just works , except when it doesn t. Like: both of my screens for some reason started with huge black borders around the screen, I finally narrowed it down to the GUI setting overscan which defaulted to 10%. Ok, so I change it, it works, but next time I reboot, the overscan is back! I had to find an undocumented invocation of the aticonfig that would change the default value to 0%. Why did this one setting not save? Oh and fun note the refresh rate of that second screen was correct on the login screen, but it then swiched back as I logged in. Fun, huh?
4. Even at basic desktop tasks fglrx if inferior to not only the free driver, but also to the nvidia driver even simple scrolling of a large folder in nautilus seems to tax the 200$ card to its limits the bottom row blinks into place almost half a second after I stop scrolling. Another example with NVidia when I switch my TV to the HDMI input from the card, the sound starts at the same moment as the picture, however with AMD the sound only decides to show up 10-15 seconds later. And sometime it does not show up at all, unless I start the AMD Control GUI tool and only then the sound shows up 15 seconds later (without doing anything in the GUI). It may be that one part of AMD is better than NVidia at talking to free driver developers, but another part is so much worse at actual technical work of writing a driver, it is not even funny. They are busy reinventing the bycicle of configuration and display management, while their core driver is just not good enough. TL/DR: Anyone wanna buy a HD 6850 cheaply off my hands? Crossposted to Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/107099528362923100900/posts/6PC7RFQpm8K P.S. I also noticed the color difference with NVidia there was no difference between colors on my LCD TV and my IPS monitor, but with AMD there is a huge difference, the TV color just got washed out. I guess there is no proper color calibration support in the AMD driver? Update: I have managed to return the HD 6850 to the shop where I got it from (thanks to a nice law requiring web shops to take stuff back within 14 days no questions asked) and got the new NVidia GeForce GTX 660 instead. I had to build an updated NVidia driver (304.48 from this post, just like here or here) but other than that it was smooth and painless and everything is working great again. Only even faster :)

19 September 2012

Stefano Zacchiroli: bits from the DPL for August 2012

DPL August report, posted on d-d-a a while ago (yep, I forgot to blog it up to now!, sorry for the oldies).
Dear project members, August has been a month with a good deal of vacations for many of us, including yours truly. Therefore the monthly report of DPL activities will be briefer than usual. Which is good, as it'll leave all my readers more time to do NMUs and fix RC bugs! Ongoing discussions Assets Core teams Legal and RC fun Hardware See? It's been quick(er)! Talk to you here next month, with a much lower count of Wheezy RC Bugs on the horizon, hopefully.
Cheers.
PS the boring day-to-day activity log for August 2012 is available at master:/srv/leader/news/bits-from-the-DPL.txt.201208

Russ Allbery: Debian Policy 3.9.4.0

I just uploaded Debian Policy 3.9.4.0, which includes the implementation of the Technical Committee decision to make build-arch and build-indep mandatory targets and which significantly reworks the section on shared libraries. Nothing here is release-critical for wheezy, and uploads targeted for wheezy should not attempt to update packaging for a new version of Policy. I went into some more detail on debian-devel-announce. The version number probably should have been 3.10.0.0 given the build-arch and build-indep changes and the work on symbols files. Ah well. Here's the upgrading checklist:
2.4
New tasks archive section.
4.9
build-arch and build-indep are now mandatory targets in debian/rules.
5.6.26
New section documenting the Vcs-* fields, which are already in widespread use. Note the mechanism for specifying the Git branch used for packaging in the Vcs-Git field.
7.1
The deprecated relations < and > now must not be used.
7.8
New Built-Using field, which must be used to document the source packages for any binaries that are incorporated into this package at build time. This is used to ensure that the archive meets license requirements for providing source for all binaries.
8.6
Policy for dependencies between shared libraries and other packages has been largely rewritten to document the symbols system and more clearly document handling of shared library ABI changes. symbols files are now recommended over shlibs files in most situations. All maintainers of shared library packages should review the entirety of this section.
9.1.1
Packages must not assume the /run directory exists or is usable without a dependency on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3) until the stable release of Debian supports /run.
9.7
Packages including MIME configuration can now rely on triggers and do not need to call update-mime.
9.11
New section documenting general requirements for alternate init systems and specific requirements for integrating with upstart.
12.5
All copyright files must be encoded in UTF-8.

Paul Tagliamonte: deb-docshot

I ve spent the last few hours working on a tool to take snapshots of all the html files in a .deb using phantomjs. It works great, but renders text all funny on my machine. I ve got two builds going with slight tweaks to check for the issue, but some advice before I file a bug would be helpful. (or see the full size image) This will hopefully be integrated into debuild.me, or debexpo.

18 September 2012

Jon Dowland: My next music player

About two years ago, I wrote about moving to a Sandisk Sansa Fuze as my music player. I transitioned from a 40G, HDD-based iRiver to an 8G flash-based player, with an additional 32G supplied by a micro SD card, both running the rockbox open-source firmware. Of course, my music collection has grown over the last few years and so I needed to find another solution. That solution is
Say hello to red Say hello to red
another Sansa Fuze! This was actually my interim solution, this time with 4G internal capacity (didn't matter too much) with another 32G microsd and a rubber band. It turns out that managing four storage devices (two SDs and two embedded storages) is a complete nightmare. However, as luck would have it, I learned that the new, larger capacity SDXC cards can be made to work in some SD readers, including the Sansa Fuze. At around this time, my original player started to malfunction and so,
the family the family
another Sansa Fuze, again! It took three attempts to get a 64G microsd: the first was faulty or fake, the second never turned up. Third times a charm, and a third sansa fuze (to get 8G internal capacity) completes the story. For the sansa fuze, to get a 64G microsd to work, one needs to change the partition type to 0x0c (W95 FAT32 (LBA)) and reformat with FAT32. (Interestingly that's actually hard to do for Windows users, as Win 7 refuses to offer FAT32 for flash devices over 32G in capacity by default). I now have approximately 67.7G of storage on a single device and all my music in one place again (albeit two storage locations) which feels surprisingly good!

Evgeni Golov: sorry for the spam

This especially goes to planet.debian.org: SORRY! My WordPress thought it is a great idea to deliver empty (no date, no link, no content) posts, randomly, and planet started to post everything as new as it took the feed. I still haven t reenabled all the plugins, but it runs stable for several hours now and I ll try not to break it again.

Francois Marier: Advice to newcomers and veterans of the Free and Open Source software communities

A few months ago, a collection of essays called Open Advice was released. It consists of the things that seasoned Free and Open Source developers wish they had known when they got started. The LWN book review is the best way to get a good feel for what it's about, but here are the notes I took while reading it:

17 September 2012

Tanguy Ortolo: Naming LVM volume groups

From Tango Desktop Project When you start using Linux' logical volume manager, one of the first question you have to answer is: what name will you give to your volume group? The usual answer is: vg1, vg2, etc. Although it does not bear any specific meaning, this naming convention is simple and seems functional enough. In fact, this is a bad idea, which can have nasty consequences on the long term. Here is why: one day, your computer will eventually give out. To save your precious data, you will remove its drives and plug them into another computer. If you are using LVM with the same naming convention on that second computer, you will then get a name conflict, which will prevent you from seeing the volume group you want to recover. The solution is to name volume groups uniquely across all your computers, and if possible other people's. An elegant way to achieve this is to use your host names as a basis. For instance, on a machine called Pi acolada , you would name a single volume group pinacolada , or two volume groups pinacolada1 and pinacolada2 . Or perhaps vg-pinacolada0 or whatever, you get the idea.

Andrea Veri: Building Debian packages with Deb-o-Matic

Today I ll be telling you about an interesting way to build your Debian packages using Deb-o-Matic, a tool developed and maintained by Luca Falavigna. Some more details about this tool from the package s description:
Deb-o-Matic is an easy to use build machine for Debian source packages based on pbuilder, written in Python. It provides a simple tool to automate build of source packages with limited user interaction and a simple configuration. It has some useful features such as automatic update of pbuilder, automatic scan and selection of source packages to build and modules support.
The setup. 1. Download the package.
apt-get install debomatic
2. Modify the main configuration file as follows:
[default]
builder: pbuilder
packagedir: /home/john/debomatic # Take note of the following path since we'll need it for later use.
configdir: /etc/debomatic/distributions
pbuilderhooks: /usr/share/debomatic/pbuilderhooks
maxbuilds: 3 # The number of builds you can perform at the same time.
inotify: 1
sleep: 60 # The sleep time between one build and another.
logfile: /var/log/debomatic.log
[gpg]
gpg: 0 # Change to 1 if you want Deb-O-Matic to check the GPG signature of the uploaded packages.
keyring: /etc/debomatic/debomatic.gpg # Add the GPG Keys you want Deb-O-Matic to accept in this keyring.
[modules]
modules: 1 # A list of all the available modules will follow right after.
modulespath: /usr/share/debomatic/modules
[runtime]
alwaysupdate: unstable experimental precise
distblacklist:
modulesblacklist: Lintian Mailer
mapper:  'sid': 'unstable',
'wheezy': 'testing',
'squeeze': 'stable' 
[lintian]
lintopts: -i -I -E --pedantic # Run Lintian in Pedantic mode.
[mailer] # You need an SMTP server running on your machine for the mailer to work. You can have a look at the 'Ssmtp' daemon which is a one-minute-setup MTA, check an example over here.
fromaddr: debomatic@localhost
smtphost: localhost
smtpport: 25
authrequired: 0
smtpuser: user
smtppass: pass
success: /etc/debomatic/mailer/build_success.mail-template # Update the build success or failure mails as you wish by modifying the relevant files.
failure: /etc/debomatic/mailer/build_failure.mail-template
[internals]
configversion = 010a
The available modules are:
  1. Contents , which acts as a dpkg -c over the built packages.
  2. DateStamp , which displays build start and finish times into a file in the build directory.
  3. Lintian , which stores Lintian output on top of the built package in the pool directory.
  4. Mailer , which sends a reply to the uploader once the build has finished.
  5. PrevBuildCleaner , which deletes all files generated by the previous build.
  6. Repository , which generates a local repository of built packages.
2. Configure dput to upload package s sources to your local repository, edit the /etc/dput.cf file and add this entry:
[debomatic]
method = local
incoming = /home/john/debomatic
or the following if you are going to upload the files to a different machine through SSH:
[debomatic]
login = john
fqdn = debomatic.example.net
method = scp
incoming = /debomatic
3. Add a new Virtual Host on Apache and access the repository / built packages directly through your browser:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin john@example.net
ServerName debomatic.example.net
DocumentRoot /home/john/debomatic
<Directory /home/john/debomatic>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
4. Start the daemon:
sudo /etc/init.d/debomatic start
5. (Optional) Add your repository to APT s sources.list:
deb http://debomatic.example.net/ unstable main contrib non-free
6. (Optional) Start Deb-O-Matic at system s startup by modifying the /etc/init.d/debomatic file at line 21:
- [ -x "$DAEMON" ]   exit 0
- [ "$DEBOMATIC_AUTOSTART" = 0 ] && exit 0
+ [ -x "$DAEMON" ]   exit 0
+ [ "$DEBOMATIC_AUTOSTART" = 1 ] && exit 0
and finally add it to the desired runlevels:
update-rc.d debomatic defaults
Enjoy!

Craig Small: Careful with PIDs

Quick question, what is the lowest Process ID you will find? Most people (myself included until recently) would be able to say that the lowest number is 1 for the init process. Plenty of programs including ps and pstree have this assumption. This assumption bit me this week with Debian Bug 687829 where pstree on a kFreeBSD would not return and used 100% CPU. What was happening? Well it seems that kFreeBSD has a process ID of 0 and pstree used 0 for a fake root to the tree. So with a real and fake process #0 hanging around in pstree there was a strange parent-child circle (I m my own grandad!) between init and process 0 meaning when the tree was walked things go around in circles. The fix is basically to assume the tree starts at 0 and not 1 and that keeps things into perspective. So if you are wondering how inconsistent this goes, here is the list. So Linux the root is init PID 1, FreeBSD it is kernel PID 0 and Hurd its init PID 1 with a child with PID 0. Nothing like consistency! I do like the crazyness of Hurd where a child is created before a parent; nothing is normal in Hurd-land. I have some temporary code going proving the problem with psmisc and FreeBSD, the tree now looks like what you can see below. This fix will also show up processes hidden under init that were previously hiding.
?()-+-acpi_cooling0(16)
     -acpi_thermal(15)
     -audit(10)
     -bufdaemon(18)
     -flowcleaner(22)
     -g_down(4)
     -g_event(2)
     -g_up(3)
     -hald-runner(547)---hald-addon-storag(569)
     -hald(546)-+-hald(548)---hald(549)
                 -hald-runner(547)---hald-addon-storag(569)
     -hald(548)---hald(549)
     -idle(11)
     -init(1)-+-etc....

Petter Reinholdtsen: Debian Edu interview: Giorgio Pioda

After a long break in my row of interviews with people in the Debian Edu and Skolelinux community, I finally found time to wrap up another. This time it is Giorgio Pioda, which showed up on the mailing list at the start of this year, asking questions and inspiring us to improve the first time administrators experience with Skolelinux. :) The interview was conduced in May, but I only found time to publish it now. Who are you, and how do you spend your days? I have a PhD in chemistry but since several years I work as teacher in secondary (15-18 year old students) and tertiary (a kind of "light" university) schools. Five years ago I started to manage a Learning Management Service server and slowly I got more and more involved with IT. 3 years ago the graduating schools moved completely to Linux and I got the head of the IT for this. The experience collected in chemistry labs computers (for example NMR analysis of protein folding) and in the IT-courses during university where sufficient to start. Self training is anyway very important I live in the Italian speaking part of Switzerland, and the SPSE school (secondary) is a very special sport school for young people who try to became sport pro (for all sports, we have dozens of disciplines represented) and we are recognised by the Olympic Swiss Organisation. How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu project? Looking for Linux / Primary Domain Controller (PDC) I found it already several years ago. But since the system was still not Kerberized and since our schools relies strongly on laptops I didn't use it. I plan to introduce it in the next future, probably for the next school year, since the squeeze release solved this security hole. What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian Edu? Many. First of all there is a strong and living community that is very generous for help and hints. Chat help is crucial, together with the mailing list. Second. With Skolelinux you get an already well engineered platform and you don't have to start to build up your PDC and your clients from GNU/scratch; I've already done this once and I can tell it, it is hard. Third, since Skolelinux is a standard platform, it is way easier to educate other IT people and even if the head IT is sick another one could pick up the task without too much hassle. What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian Edu? The only real problem I see is that it is a little too less flexible at client level. Debian stable is rocky and desirable, but there are many reasons that force for another choice. For example the need of new drivers for new PC, or the need for a specific OS for some devices that have specific software packages for another specific distribution (I have such a case for whiteboards that have only Ubuntu packages). Thus, I prepared compatibility packages educlient and eduroaming, hoping not to use them ;-) Which free software do you use daily? I have a Debian Stable PDC at school (Kerberos, NIS, NFS) with mixed Debian and Ubuntu clients. If you think that this triad combination is exotic... well I discovered right yesterday that Perceus has the same... For myself I run Debian wheezy/sid, but this combination is good only I you have enough competence to fix stuff for yourself, if something breaks. Daily I use texmacs, gnumeric, a little bit of R statistics, kmplot, and less frequently OpenOffice.org. Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to get schools to use free software? I think that the only real argument that school managers "hear" is cost reduction. They don't give too much weight on quality, stability, just because they are normally not open to change. Students adapts very quickly to GNU/Linux (and for them being able to switch between different OS is a plus value); teachers and managers don't. We decided to move to Linux because students at our school have own laptop and we have the responsibility to keep the laptop ready to use; we were really unsatisfied with Microsoft since every Monday we had 20 machine to fix for viral infections... With Linux this has been reduced to zero, since people installs almost only from official repositories. I think that our special needs brought us to Linux. Those who don't have such needs will hardly move to Linux.

16 September 2012

Russell Coker: Servers in the Office

I just had a conversation with someone who thinks that their office should have no servers. The office in question has four servers, an Internet gateway/firewall system, the old file server (and also Xen server), the new file server, and the VOIP server. The Internet gateway system could possibly be replaced by a suitably smart ADSL modem type device, but that would reduce the control over the network and wouldn t provide much of a benefit. The VOIP server has to be a separate system for low latency IMHO. In theory you could use a Xen DomU for running Asterisk or you could run Asterisk on the Dom0 of the file/Xen server. But that just makes things difficult. A VOIP server needs to be reliable and is something that you typically don t want to touch once it s working, in this case the Asterisk server has been a few more years without upgrades than the Xen server. An Asterisk system could be replaced by a dedicated telephony device which some people might consider to be removing a server, but really a dedicated VOIP server device is just as much of a server as a P4 running Asterisk but with greater expense. A major advantage of a P4 running Asterisk is that you can easily replace the system at no cost if there is a hardware problem. Having two file servers is excessive for a relatively small office. But running two servers is the common practice when one server is being replaced. The alternative is to just immediately cut things over which has the potential for a lot of people to arrive at work on Monday and find multiple things not working as desired. Having two file servers is a temporary problem. File Servers The first real problem when trying to remove servers from an office is the file server. ADSL links with Annex M can theoretically upload data at 3Mb/s which means almost 400KB/s. So if you have an office with a theoretically perfect ADSL2+ Annex M installation then you could save a 4MB file to a file server on the Internet in not much more than 10 seconds if no-one else is using the Internet connection. Note that 4MB isn t THAT big by today s standards, the organisation in question has many files which are considerably bigger than that. Large files include TIFF and RAW files used for high quality image processing, MS-Office documents, and data files for most accounting programs. Saving a 65MB quick-books file in 3 minutes (assuming that your Annex M connection is perfect and no-one else is using the Internet) would have to suck. Then there s the issue of reading files, video files (which are often used for training and promotion) are generally larger than 100MB which would be more than 30 seconds of download time at ADSL2+ speed but if someone sends an email to everyone in the office saying please watch this video then the average time to load it would be a lot more. Through quickly examining my collection of Youtube downloads I found a video which averaged 590KB/s, if an office using a theoretically perfect ADSL2+ connection giving 24Mb/s (3MB/s) download speed had such a file on a remote file server then a maximum of five people could view it at one time if no-one else in the office was using the Internet. Now when the NBN is connected (which won t happen in areas like the Melbourne CBD for at least another 3 years) it will be possible to get speeds like 100Mb/s download and 25Mb/s upload. That would allow up to 20 people to view videos at once and a 65MB quick-books file could be saved in a mere 22 seconds if everyone else was idle. Of course that relies on the size of data files remaining the same for another 3 years which seems unlikely, currently no Youtube videos use resolutions higher than 1920*1080 (so they don t take full advantage of a $400 Dell monitor) and there s always potential for storing more financial data. I expect that by the time we all have 100Mb/25Mb speeds on the NBN it will be as useful to us as 24Mb/3Mb ADSL2+ Annex M speeds are today (great for home use but limited for an office full of people). There are of course various ways of caching data, but all of them involve something which would be considered to be a server and I expect that all of them are more difficult to install and manage than just having a local file server. Of course instead of crunching the numbers for ADSL speeds etc you could just think for a moment about the way that 100baseT networking to the desktop has been replaced by Gigabit networking. When people expect each workstation to have 1000Mb/s send and receive speed it seems quite obvious that one ADSL connection shared by an entire office isn t going to work well if all the work that is done depends on it. Management could dictate that there is to be no server in the office, but if that was to happen then the users would create file shares on their workstations so you would end up with ad-hoc servers which aren t correctly managed or backed up. That wouldn t be an improvement and technically wouldn t achieve the goal of not having servers. Home Networking Without Servers It is becoming increasingly common to have various servers in a home network. Due to a lack of space and power and the low requirements a home file server will usually be a workstation with some big disks, but there are cheap NAS devices which some people are installing at home. I don t recommend the cheap NAS devices, I m merely noting that they are being used. Home entertainment is also something that can benefit from a server. A MythTV system for recording TV and playing music has more features than a dedicated PVR box. But even the most basic PVR ($169 for a 1TB device in Aldi now) is still a fairly complex computer which would probably conflict with any aim to have a house free of servers. The home network design of having a workstation run as a file and print server can work reasonably well as long as the desktop tasks aren t particularly demanding (IE no games) and the system doesn t change much (IE don t track Debian/Testing or otherwise have new versions of software). But this is really something that only works if you only have a few workstations. Running an office without servers seems rather silly as it seems that none of my friends are able to have a home without a server. Running Internet Services Hypothetically speaking if one was to run an office without servers then that would require running all the servers in question on the Internet somewhere. For some things this can work better than a local server, for example most of my clients who insist on running a mail server in their office would probably get a better result if they had a mail server running on Linode or Hetzner or one of the Hosted Exchange offerings if they want a Windows mail sever. But for a file server if you were to get around the issue of bandwidth required to access the files in normal use there s the issue of managing a server (which is going to take more effort and expense than for a server on the LAN). Then there s the issue of backups. In my previous post about Hard Drives for Backup [1] I considered some of the issues related to backing data up over the Internet. The big problem however is a complete restore, if you have even a few dozen gigs of data that you want to transfer to a remote server in a hurry it can be a difficult problem. If you have hundreds of gigs then it becomes a very difficult problem. I m sure that I could find a Melbourne based Data Center (DC) that gives the option of bringing a USB attached SATA disk for a restore but even that case would give a significant delay when compared to backing things up on a LAN. If a server on the office LAN breaks in the afternoon my client can make arrangements to let me work in their office in the evening to fix it, but sometimes DCs don t allow 24*7 access and sometimes when they do allow access there are organisational problems that make it impossible when you want it (EG the people at the client company who are authorised become unavailable). The Growth of Servers Generally it s a really bad idea to build a server that has exactly the hardware you need. The smart thing to do is to install more of every resource (disk, RAM, CPU, etc) than is needed and to allow expansion when possible (EG have some RAM slots and drive bays free). No matter how well you know your environment and it s users you can get surprised by the way that requirements change. Buying a slightly bigger server at the start costs hardly any money but upgrading a server will cost a lot. Once you have a server that s somewhat over-specced you will always find other things to run on it. Many things could be run elsewhere at some cost, but if you have unused hardware then you may as well use it. Xen and other virtualisation systems are really good in this regard as they allow you to add more services without making upgrades difficult. This means that it s quite common to have a server that is purchased for one task but which ends up being used for many tasks. Anyone who would aspire to an office without servers would probably regard adding extra features in such a manner to be a problem. But really if you want to allow the workers to do their jobs then it s best to be able to add new services as needed without going through a budget approval process for each one. Conclusion There probably are some offices where no-one does any serious file access and everyone s work is based around a web browser or some client software that is suited to storing data on the Internet. But for an office where the workers use traditional Office software such as MS-Office or Libre-Office a file server is necessary. Some sort of telephony server is necessary no matter how you do things. If you have a traditional telephone system then you might try not to call the PABX a server , but really that s what it is. Then when the traditional phone service becomes too expensive you have to consider whether to use Asterisk or a proprietary system, in either case it s really a server. In almost every case the issue isn t whether to have a server in the office, but how many servers to have and how to manage them. Related posts:
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15 September 2012

Martin-&#201;ric Racine: HTML5: Firefox without Flash

Over the past few days, I decided to purge Gnash and LightSpark from my laptop to see whether my Internet experience would be affected in any dramatic way. Amazingly, a number of sites seem to offer video content encoded in Theora (VP3) or WebM (VP8). Sadly, a handful of popular sites such as Vimeo insist upon using the H.264 (MPEG-4) CODEC, which cannot be safely supported on Free Software because of unclear licensing issues that might impose an ulterior usage fee onto the end-users.

The good news is that the Mozilla Foundation has decided to avoid the issue together: starting with the most recent release of the mobile version of Firefox, content decoding is offloaded to the platform's native media CODEC library. On most Free Software platforms, this means that Gstreamer will handle the content and, in turn, use gstreamer-plugins-bad to perform the decoding. However, Gstreamer support is still rather sketchy, as attested by this Debian bug report and thus disabled by default. This leaves me wondering how little is missing for this to properly work. Would either Canonical or Red Hat perhaps be interested in funding this?

Andrea Veri: Manage your website through Git

Ever wondered how you can update your website (in our case a static website with a bunch of HTML and PHP files) by committing to a Git repository hosted on a different server? if the answer to the previous question is yes, then you are in the right place. The scenario: - Website hosted on server A.
- Git repository hosted on server B. and a few details about why would you opt for maintaining your website through Git:
  1. You need multiple people to access the static content of your website and you also want to maintain all the history of changes together with all the Git s magic.
  2. You think using an FTP server is not secure enough.
  3. You think giving out SSH access or more permissions on the server to multiple users it s not what you want. (also using scp will overwrite the files directly with all its consequences)
the setup, on server A: 1. Clone the Git repository over the directory that your Web server will serve.
cd /srv/www.domain.com/http && sudo git clone http://git.example.com/git/domain.git
2. Grab the needed package:
apt-get install fishpolld or yum install fishpolld
3. Set up a topic (called website_update) that will call a git pull each time the repository hosted on server B receives an update. (the file has to be placed into the /etc/fishpoll.d directory)
#!/bin/bash
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
WEBSITEDIR="/srv/www.domain.com/http"
if [ -d "$ WEBSITEDIR " ]; then
cd "$ WEBSITEDIR "
else
echo "Unable to access theme directory. Failing."
exit 1
fi
git pull
4. Add a little configuration file that will enable the website_update s topic at daemon s startup. (you should name it website_update.conf)
[fishpoll]
on_start = True
5. Open the relevant port on Iptables so that server A and server B can communicate as expected, the daemon runs over port 27527.
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -s server-B-IP --dport 27527 -j ACCEPT
6. Start the daemon. (by default, logs are sent to syslog but you can run the daemon in Debug mode by using the -D flag)
sudo /etc/init.d/fishpolld start or sudo systemctl start fishpolld.service or sudo /usr/sbin/fishpolld -D
and on server B: 1. Grab the needed package:
apt-get install fishpoke or yum install fishpoke
2. Configure the relevant Git hook (post-update, located into the hooks directory) and make it executable.
#!/bin/sh
echo "Triggering update of configuration on server A"
fishpoke server-A-IP-or-DNS website_update
Finally test the whole setup by committing to the repository hosted on server B and verify your changes being sent live on your website!

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