Search Results: "reg"

21 September 2008

Russell Coker: Things you can do for your LUG

A Linux Users Group like most volunteer organisations will often have a small portion of the membership making most of the contributions. I believe that every LUG has many people who would like to contribute but don’t know how, here are some suggestions for what you can do. Firstly offer talks. Many people seem to believe that giving a talk for a LUG requires expert knowledge. While it is desired to get any experts in the area to share their knowledge, it is definitely not a requirement that you be an expert to give a talk. The only requirement is that you know more than the audience - and a small amount of research can achieve that goal. One popular talk that is often given is “what’s new in Linux”. This is not a talk that requires deep knowledge, it does require spending some time reading the news (which lots of people do for fun anyway). So if you spend an average of 30 minutes a day every week day reading about new developments in Linux and other new technology, you could spend another minute a day (20 minutes a month) making notes and the result would be a 10 to 15 minute talk that would be well received. A talk about what’s new is one way that a novice can give a presentation that will get the attention of all the experts (who know their own area well but often don’t have time to see the big picture). There are many aspects of Linux that are subtle, tricky, and widely misunderstood. Often mastering them is a matter that is more related to spending time testing than anything else. An example of this is the chmod command (and all the Unix permissions that are associated with it). I believe that the majority of Linux users don’t understand all the subtleties of Unix permissions (I have even seen an employee of a Linux vendor make an error in this regard while running a formal training session). A newbie who spent a few hours trying the various combinations of chmod etc and spoke about the results could give a talk that would teach something to almost everyone in the audience. I believe that there are many other potential talk topics of this nature. One thing that is often overlooked when considering how to contribute to LUGs is the possibility of sharing hardware. We all have all the software we need for free but hardware still costs money. If you have some hardware that hasn’t been used for a year then consider whether you will ever use it again, if it’s not likely to be used then offer it to your LUG (either via a mailing list or by just bringing it to a meeting). Also if you see some hardware that is about to be discarded and you think that someone in your LUG will like it then grab it! In a typical year I give away a couple of car-loads of second-hand hardware, most of it was about to be thrown out by a client so I grab it for my local LUG. Taking such hardware reduces disposal costs for my clients, prevents computer gear from poisoning landfill (you’re not supposed to put it in the garbage but most people do), and helps random people who need hardware. One common use for the hardware I give away is for children. Most people are hesitant to buy hardware specifically for children as it only takes one incident of playing with the switch labeled 240V/110V (or something of a similar nature) to destroy it. Free hardware allows children to get more access to computers at an early age. Finally one way to contribute is by joining the committee. Many people find it difficult to attend meetings, so attending a regular meeting and a committee meeting every month is difficult. So if you have no problems in attending meetings then please consider contributing in this way.

Wouter Verhelst: SSL "telnet"

A common way to debug a network server is to use 'telnet' or 'nc' to connect to the server and issue some commands in the protocol to verify whether everything is working correctly. That obviously only works for ASCII protocols (as opposed to binary protocols), and it obviously also only works if you're not using any encryption. But that doesn't mean you can't test an encrypted protocol in a similar way, thanks to openssl's s_client:
wouter@country:~$ openssl s_client -host samba.grep.be -port 443
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 /C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=svn.grep.be/emailAddress=wouter@grep.be
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 /C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=svn.grep.be/emailAddress=wouter@grep.be
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=svn.grep.be/emailAddress=wouter@grep.be
   i:/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=svn.grep.be/emailAddress=wouter@grep.be
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=svn.grep.be/emailAddress=wouter@grep.be
issuer=/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=svn.grep.be/emailAddress=wouter@grep.be
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 1428 bytes and written 316 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Server public key is 1024 bit
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1
    Cipher    : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
    Session-ID: 65E69139622D06B9D284AEDFBFC1969FE14E826FAD01FB45E51F1020B4CEA42C
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 606553D558AF15491FEF6FD1A523E16D2E40A8A005A358DF9A756A21FC05DFAF2C9985ABE109DCD29DD5D77BE6BC5C4F
    Key-Arg   : None
    Start Time: 1222001082
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
---
HEAD / HTTP/1.1
Host: svn.grep.be
User-Agent: openssl s_client
Connection: close
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Sun, 21 Sep 2008 12:44:55 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (Debian) mod_auth_kerb/5.3 DAV/2 SVN/1.4.2 PHP/5.2.0-8+etch11 mod_ssl/2.2.3 OpenSSL/0.9.8c
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
closed
wouter@country:~$ 
As you can see, we connect to an HTTPS server, get to see what the server's certificate looks like, issue some commands, and the server responds properly. It also works for (some) protocols who work in a STARTTLS kind of way:
wouter@country:~$ openssl s_client -host samba.grep.be -port 587 -starttls smtp
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 /C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=samba.grep.be
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 /C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=samba.grep.be
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=samba.grep.be
   i:/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=samba.grep.be
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=samba.grep.be
issuer=/C=BE/ST=Antwerp/L=Mechelen/O=NixSys BVBA/CN=samba.grep.be
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 1707 bytes and written 351 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Server public key is 1024 bit
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1
    Cipher    : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
    Session-ID: 6D28368494A3879054143C7C6B926C9BDCDBA20F1E099BF4BA7E76FCF357FD55
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: B246EA50357EAA6C335B50B67AE8CE41635EBCA6EFF7EFCE082225C4EFF5CFBB2E50C07D8320E0EFCBFABDCDF8A9A851
    Key-Arg   : None
    Start Time: 1222000892
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
---
250 HELP
quit
221 samba.grep.be closing connection
closed
wouter@country:~$ 
OpenSSL here connects to the server, issues a proper EHLO command, does STARTTLS, and then gives me the same data as it did for the HTTPS connection. Isn't that nice.

Christian Perrier: Between 60 and 64 languages supported in Debian Installer

(including English!) The string freeze of Debian Installer officially ended at 23:59 yesterday (Sept. 20th). Indeed, this was extended a bit to today, with agreement by Otavio Salvador who I thank for this. That allowed Zak to "save" Tagalog and also the Welsh and Latvian translators to polish their work. We now have to decide about some of these languages: those that failed to meet the release criteria but were formerly activated in D-I. There are four such languages: Amharic, Welsh, Estonian and Northern Sami. Please find below the mail I just sent to debian-i18n and debian-boot. I promised that this discussion would happen in public. It will (but it will be short as we can't delay the release of the installer for ages....and I think that my proposals are reasonable!)
First of all, the numbers as of Sunday Sept. 21st 09:32 UTC (date of
the last commit with an l10n update):
Languages meeting the release criteria: 59
------------------------------------------
Already activated and complete for level 1: 51
 Arabic, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Bosnian, Catalan, Czech, Danish,
 German, Dzongkha, Greek, Esperanto, Spanish, Basque, Finnish, French,
 Galician, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindi, Croatian, Hungarian, Indonesian,
 Italian, Japanese, Georgian, Khmer, Korean, Lithuanian, Latvian,
 Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Norwegian Bokm l, Nepali, Dutch,
 Norwegian Nynorsk, Punjabi, Polish, Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese,
 Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Albabian, Swedish, Tamil, Thai, Turkish,
 Vietnamese, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese
Already activated and complete for sublevels 1 and 2: 6
Bengali, Kurdish, Slovenian, Tagalog, Ukrainian, Wolof
Not yet activated languages complete for sublevels 1 and 2: 2
 (the mail in -i18n and -boot says 3 but this is an error by me)
Irish, Serbian
Languages failing to meet the release criteria: 15
--------------------------------------------------
Activated languages: 4
Amharic, Welsh, Estonian, Northern Sami
Not yet activated languages: 11
Afrikaans, Persian, Armenian, Icelandic, Kazakh, Kannada,
Malagasy, Malay, Telugu, Urdu, Xhosa
Discussion
----------
(careful people will notice that I moved Welsh down to "failed to meet
the release criteria" as this is what is technically correct)
Nothing to discuss for the 57 already activated languages that meet
the defined criteria. They'll be kept or first activated in the RC1
release of Debian Installer.
Similarly, nothing to discuss for the 11 languages that were not
activated and haven't made it. They will remain unactivated.
Two languages should be activated as they have met the release
criteria for the first time during the string freeze: Irish and Serbian.
This adds more load (and size changes) to D-I but I really don't see
any reason to not follow our own rules there.
The discussion comes for the 4 languages that fail to meet the release
criteria. Here are my proposals with some rationale:
Amharic: 
  I would really dislike deactivating Amharic because it's highly
  symbolic to have the language of Ethiopia activated. We have so few
  African languages. Also, the translation is nearly complete and the
  translator was well coping with updates until July. The missing
  stuff for Amharic in sublevels 1 and 2 are messages about loading
  drivers or firmware from removable media, the rescue mode stuff for
  the graphical installer and some messages that briefly appear during
  finish-install. A little bit more important is the message warning
  that the boot partition is not ext2 or ext3, added in August by
  tbm. I think this is not enough to drop out one year of efforts for
  the translator
  As a consequence, I propose to KEEP Amharic.
Welsh:
  Only five strings are missing in sublevels 1 and 2 because of the
  small experience of PO files by the person who completed the
  translation during last week. One will make the regular user login
  name screen to be in English and others will make the GRUB password
  screen to be in English as well, that's all.
  Additionnally, we can safely assume that all potential users of
  Welsh have good skills in English...and will therefore very easily
  cope with these screens.
  As a consequence, I propose to KEEP Welsh.
Estonian:
  The translation had NO update since Etch. The last update is dated
  back to Feb. 17th 2007. I haven't got any sign of life from the
  translator and no Estonian users have volunteered to maintain the
  translation.
  Missing strings are in many places, including several screens that
  appear in default installs. Even though one can assume that the
  skills of the average Linux user in Estonia is fairly good, I think
  this is not enough to throw users in a big mix of English and
  Estonian.
  As a consequence, I propose to DROP Estonian.
Northern Sami:
  The translation is very incomplete. With about any other language,
  that would be a reason to drop the translation.
  However, a few reasons make me suggest keeping it:
   - Northern Sami is mostly used in Norway and D-I will fall back
     to Norwegian Bokm l which is understood by all potentials users
     as it is teached in all Norwegian schools. 
   - Users will be warned, *in Sami*, about this situation
   - The choice of Sami will be kept in localechooser even if the
     translations are dropped. This is on request of Debian Edu
     developers to avoid them to develop a special boot floppy
     to offer the choice of Sami (a requirement for Norwegian
     schools). I personnally think this is a reward to Debian Edu and
     its ancestor Skolelinux for their initial involvement in the
     development of D-I
  As a consequence, I propose to KEEP Northern Sami.
I understand that these choices may be debatable and some may sound
slightly subjective. I however think this is the best way to be fair
with translators' efforts without compromising the quality of D-I.
Please note that the final word on this will be by D-I release
managers...but advices are very much welcomed.

20 September 2008

Gregor Herrmann: saturday

went to a concert (thanks to my flat-mate david). rebekka bakken. great voice. highly recommended.

& when I came home the new issue of profil was already lying in front of the door.

Biella Coleman: No Regulation to Lots (oh!!!) Regulation

The other night I was relishing in the irony that during the era when the American government became most regulation averse, fully touting and embracing the idea of free markets, it also had to save a core sector of our market, leading effectively to a partially nationalized financial sector. I was going to write about the irony made visible by our current financial crisis but Karl beat me to it and said it better than I could or did. Most papers have not mulled over this irony but here is one place where it was raised

19 September 2008

Clint Adams: When the dogs divide her, stoop to strategies, when it all comes down to dust

Trick looked up at the bay window. He raised the phone and dialed. No answer. He looked at the window again. He dialed again. Brystol answered. She asked him what he wanted. She sounded irritated. He asked if he could come up. She told him no. In his romcom fantasy, she had welcomed him with warmth and gusto. He sighed and trudged off. In her romcom fantasy, he had ignored her no, burst through the door, and generally behaved in such ways that, if her friend Chessil had expressed the same scenario, she would have described as most resembling a creepy stalker. When she peered out the window, he was no longer there. This happened several more times, and always ended in disappointment. Brystol's boyfriend Trock knew that she wasn't into him enough. That much was obvious. In his romcom fantsay, though, his persistence and unwavering devotion finally melted her cold, black heart, and she changed into the woman of his dreams. In her romcom fantasy, he effortlessly changed into an entirely different man. Trock lavished her with attentions and affections, directly in furtherance of his aims. For this reason, she disrespected him greatly. Brystol did not want someone to put her on a pedestal, nor did she want someone who wanted to spend all his time with her. What she wanted was something entirely different. One day, when particularly irritated by Trock, she called Trick and invited him to dinner. She made clear that it was strictly platonic. He dropped everything, cancelled all his plans, made several sacrifices that could not be justified if he were to try to explain this to someone logically, and met her for dinner. In his romcom fantasy, things would not be strictly platonic. In her romcom fantasy, he would ignore the platonic bit and put the moves on her. Both were disappointed that night. Life began to wear on Brystol. Trock continued to grate on her nerves. She was losing hope for all aspects of her life, and panic caused her to travel on false pretenses to go visit her ex-boyfriend Treck. Treck was probably not what you would call a ladies' man, but he had lots of women, and he treated them all like dirt. In her previous dealings with him, Brystol had been subjected to all manner of abuse, and though she complained about it and reciprocated, this was treatment with which she was very comfortable. In her romcom fantasy, their mutual mistreatment was indicative for their great love for one another, and Treck would someday forego all his other affairs and declare her to be his one and only. In his romcom fantasy, he bested the Sultan of Brunei in personal combat, somehow won his title, and satisfied himself with no fewer than ten concubines per day. Still, Brystol's soul was not completely filled, and when she returned home, she positioned herself in three ways to provoke Trick. In her romcom fantasy, he would recognize her vulnerability, accommodate her whims, and fight her boyfriend for her. He did not recognize her vulnerability, nor did he understand that her callous airs of indifference masked the significance of her seemingly innocuous statements to him of late. In his romcom fantasy she would stop being such a bitch. Shortly thereafter they both died of broken hearts, one after the other. Trock was devastated. He couldn't figure out what had happened. Then again, who can?

Christian Perrier: D-I l10n: the last minute rush

Hectic days... The last l10n teams are waking up and alarming messages seem to be sent in various places after my various blog posts, messages to lists, private messages, etc. (I think that the only place where I haven't yelled out for D-I translations is the street I live in). As of now, 7 languages are still in danger to be de-activated: Amharic, Estonian, Latvian, Macedonian, Northern Sami, Albanian, Tagalog Among these, Latvian and Macedonian should make it: Arangel Angov for Macedonian and Aigars Mahinovs for Latvian will probably complete the required minimum. For others, I'm afraid that Estonian, Albanian and maybe Tagalog will be deactivated. I have to think about it. I will be very sad for all of them if I have to do it. But I haven't got news from these translators for ages and I haven't been able to find any possible backup translator. For Albanian and Tagalog, that's not a surprise. For Estonian, I call this very disappointing. Northern Sami is a special case: this is the language of the Sami people in Norway, teached there in schools and important for DebianEdu...which originated in Norway and has been the pilar of D-I development a few years ago. As finding Sami translators is very difficult, I will probably keep the language (also, because it has a solid backup with Norwegian). Amharic is also special for me. The l10n effort is very specific: the translator works on ships all around the world, from his words, and can only communicate with me when he reaches a harbour. He has also been very committed to reach completeness (which he did) and the translation was only fuzzied by last minute changes in August. I'll probably fight to keep that language in D-I..:-) Still, there's one day left. So if your language is not 100% on D-I statistics for level 1, then try to do something. And, guess what? After the deadline is reached, I'll still have work to do: get as many levels 2-5 translations completed. All of these belong to regular Debian packages so they're not dependent on D-I release schedules!

Biella Coleman: If I were in Manchester, I would go

To this… (and I know there are readers of the blog in Manchester and close by who just may be interested in the a one-day seminar and evening lecture on the 1858 cable and later transatlantic communications link). Full details below. ***
2008 marks the 150th anniversary of the first communications link laid beneath 1600 nautical miles of the Atlantic Ocean. That telegraph cable was the first in a series of cutting-edge technologies enabling fast and accurate communication between Britain and the United States of America, linking the old and new worlds. To mark the occasion, the IET in conjunction with the Museum of Science and Industry, Manchester, are holding a one-day seminar and evening lecture on the 1858 cable and later transatlantic communications links, including wireless and satellite, on Tuesday 28th October 2008. Both events are open to the public and admission is free of charge, but pre-booking is a must. The programme is given below. Both events will be held in the Cardwell Theatre, MOSI and there will be a small exhibition on the history of transatlantic communications to accompany the event. To register for the seminar and/or the lecture, please contact Anne Locker (details given at the end of the email). SEMINAR 1000-1030 Arrival and coffee 1030-1045 Bob Martin-Royle :Chairman s welcome, introduction and overview 1045-1115 Neil Barton: First steps to transatlantic - crossing the Irish Sea 1852-1854 1115-1130 Donard de Cogan: Background to the 1858 telegraph cable 1130-1145 Pauline Webb: John Pender and Manchester s contribution 1145-1215 Donard de Cogan: Insights into the landing of the 1858 cable 1215-1230 Pat Wilson: Lord Kelvin s contribution to submarine telegraphy 1230-1300 Questions and discussion 1300-1400 Lunch 1400-1430 Bob Martin-Royle: Marconi and the first transatlantic wireless links 1430-1515 Phil Kelly: TAT1 (includes film) - the first telephone cable 1515-1545 Tea 1545-1615 Des Prouse: Telstar - the birth of transatlantic satellite communications 1615-1630 Transatlantic communications: the present and future 1630-1700 Questions, discussion and closing remarks EVENING 1800-1830 Light refreshments 1830-1930 Nigel Linge: An interactive public lecture on The Transatlantic Telegraph Cable - the birth of global communications 1930- 2000 Questions and closing remarks Regards, Anne Locker
IET Archivist The Institution of Engineering and Technology
IET

Savoy Place
London
WC2R 0BL
United Kingdom

John Goerzen: Interesting take on the markets

Yesterday on NPR's Diane Rehm show, one of the commentators made this point: (paraphrased)

The "bad debt" that all the banks are carrying, and that everyone talks about as the cause for this problem, is mortgage-backed securities. It's bad because there are so many foreclosures, meaning that people aren't paying back their loans. And that's a problem because the banks turn out to have a much less solid investment than they thought.

Instead of spending $100 billion or more bailing out bank after bank, the government ought to spend that money to stabilize the real estate sector. Invest it in programs to help people stay in their homes and avoid foreclosure. This will help both the individuals, and simultaneously fix the problems with the banks, because the mortgage-backed securities will regain their value.


Sounds way too sensible to do, doesn't it?

After all, we wouldn't want to encourage risky behavior on the part of the common folk that don't know better. No, we only want to encourage that with our large multi-national financial institutions that can wreck the entire economy.

18 September 2008

Gunnar Wolf: Almost 0.5Mbugs

I was already used to regularly receiving Bubulle's bug 500000 contest reports. Lately, he has been busy pushing translators to get d-i in shape - But expect notices from him soon! Right now, we sit at 499416 bug reports so far registered in the Debian BTS. We are really close to the half megabug mark!

Isaac Clerencia: Sketching words

Some months ago I came across Sketch Engine. Sketch Engine is a website that offers a collection of pre-loaded corpora in several languages and the ability to automatically extract collocation information from them among other things. You can get a 30-day free trial account if you want to check it out, the point is that I thought it was really cool, but it was a bit pricy, 55 euros/year for an individual and 1080 euros/year for a site (up to 50 employees and students) and these were the academic licenses!!! And I don’t even have any real need for it :P So I thought it would be an interesting project to do something similar, albeit just focusing in the ‘word sketching’ part, as described in this paper. After a weekend I got it working although I didn’t devote any second to make it look good as you can appreciate: Collocations and other stuff. For now only the corpus of the state of the union addresses is loaded, with almost 400000 words. You can select that corpus, click on sketch and get the sketch of any word, for example, the ‘word sketch’ for problem. We can see that the adjective used more times with ‘problem’ is ’serious’, although if we look at the relative frequency it’s ‘complex’. The verb which has ‘problem’ as object more times is ’solve’ followed by ‘approach’, ‘address’ and ‘deal’. You can also click on the numbers to see the actual sentences in which these words appear, for example, ’serious problem’. So how does it work? First of all it does part of speech tagging using Apertium. Once the text is POS-tagged we apply a set of ‘regular expression’-like rules to identify the relation between words, such as:

*DUAL
=a_modifier/modifies
2:[tag=adj] [tag=n] 0,2 1:[tag=n] [tag!=n]
This rule expresses the relation between adjectives and the nouns they modify, matching sentences like ‘the red ball‘ and ‘the red football ball‘. Each relation is stored in the database with extra info about position in the text. Once the database is created accessing it to display the sketch and concordance information is really simple. The site and auxiliary tools were written in around 1400 lines of Python/Django. I am still not sure about what to do with this, if there is anyone interested on adding some corpora to it, continue development or anything else, please let me know.

17 September 2008

Gerfried Fuchs: Batman: Dark Knight

Wow, don't even remotely remember anymore when I was last blogging about going to the cinema. Granted, I wasn't that often in recent times, but I haven't mentioned some movies... Whatever. Yesteday I have been to cinema again, and we watched "The Dark Knight". To be honest, I regret to have gone. The movie is as dark in its setting as the title says, even darker than what was common in previous Batman movies. They turned Batman into James Bond style, turning Morgan Freeman into Q, and using cheap Eminem quotes. I feel sorry for Heath that this was his last movie to star in. Even his great performance wasn't able to save the movie, and it's sad that this should be the movie people will remember him with... You deserve better, buddy.

Erich Schubert: Eclispe Java compiler missing warnings sometimes

If you are working with Eclipse on a Java project, make sure to try a regular (ant) build from time to time. The eclipse compiler sometimes differs quite a lot in what it accepts (especially when it comes to generics it seems to be a bit more clever) or considers a warning.No, I did not just disable a warning. Eclipse did report some "serialVersionUID" warnings, but it missed lots of them, too. I have the vague impression that the Eclipse java compiler didn't recognize that a class implementing the "Externalizable" interface also should have a serial version UID.And unfortunately I didn't find a way to reach the serial UID generation quickfix without having an eclipse warning... Well, after all there is not much wrong with starting the serial version at 1L.

Decklin Foster: When mayonnaise goes bad

This is is a wonderful metaphor: "looking in the fridge every few minutes and hoping that something tasty will appear". I may be thick, but Planet does not appear to store any information about how often a feed ought to be polled (my blog seems to be hit every 20 minutes even when I'm AWOL). I use rawdog, which does. When adding a feed, I make a vague guess at how often I want to poll it, and then periodically adjust the time based on how often updates actually happened. This is done with a terrible, awful, ugly hack that reads the database[1] and spits out the config file with new-and-improved times. Pretty dumb, but good enough "for now" (apparently I haven't touched it in over a year). rawdog will also automatically update feed locations if given a 301. Since it already rewrites the config for that, I might try to merge time updating into the core someday, but no one has demanded such a feature AFAIK.
[1]And by "database", I mean "pickle", since Adam doesn't want any fancy dependencies. Despite how slow this ought to be, the combination of optimized (such as it is) feed-polling and ever-faster CPUs in my web servers have made it fast enough for me not to care.

16 September 2008

Biella Coleman: What Generation?

Siva Vaidhyanathan has written a short piece for the Chronicle of Higher Education that make a simple but very important move: he demystifies the idea that most youth in the US, much less the world, are part a tech-savvy generation. The point should be made as there are a slew of not only journalists (who let’s face it, exaggerate and simplify and well, there is not much we can do about it) but academics making making and circulating claims. These not only don’t hold much water, but also hide some serious disparities out there when it comes to access and also hides the fact that the phenomena people extend to wide swaths of the population are usually far more circumscribed and cultural in their orientation. I think his point hit home recently because my class on an uber-techie subject, hackers, is primarily composed of students who have never started a blog, don’t read blogs, have never used much less heard of RSS feed etc. I am not saying this either to disparage this fact (I am envious of these students in fact) but just to say note that those who are quite intimate with technology (and there is a small cluster of students in my class who represent such groups) are in fact a slice of the pie. This is an interesting slice and one that I study and one that I find really really interesting and can be used to track some braoder shifts and changes but in a far more limited register. But I think we should be suspect of any move that takes the slice to stand in for the whole pie. This rhetorical embellishment is one that I have come to expect form journalists (for better or for worse) but I am less forgiving of the academics who partake in this problematic form of puffery, in what is a leap over people’s everyday reality and into the realm of imagination, which is better left to fiction.

Gerfried Fuchs: webwml in git

Last week I wondered how much space a complete git conversion would actually need—and I was quite surprised:
$ du -hs webwml*
325M    webwml
416M    webwml.git
819M    webwml.svn
The first line is the regular CVS checkout. The third line is the SVN checkout that's available from alioth. You can see that the size is not really something one would want, especially since the real gain is extremely little: besides offline diff you rather have disadvantages with not being able to do much offline because anything history wise requires you to be online. In CVS you at least knew that revision 1.12 of a file is three commits above revision 1.9 of the same file; while in SVN you have no chance offline to know how many commits to a file happened between revision 512 and 1024, if any at all. The conversion to git took me quite a long time, practically almost three days of (non-constant) running git-cvsimport on my laptop. The time did not completely surprise me, at least when I noticed in the end that it were well over 83 thousand commits in well over 10 years, reaching back to July 1998. My first own commit was in July 2001, which wasn't too hard to find out with git neither, and required no online operation. git gives you complete offline access to the history. This is actually something that the build process can be based on. There propably will be some speed drawback with not being able to do simple-math for revision difference like in CVS, but that actually will have to be checked. I'm still convinced being able to do all the stuff offline without any strange hacks or needing to be online all the time is something worthwhile. Things left to do and which I propably won't find the time in the too near future because of ... erm, you know? Lenny? That we want to release? But anyway, to not have the list of things get lost, here is a (not complete) list of things in case you are bored and want to play around a bit: Playing around a bit? Well, you don't have to do the whole git-cvsimport on yourself: I've pushed my webwml.git repository to alioth: "git clone ssh://git.debian.org/git/users/alfie/webwml.git" should get you started. Please notice to play around in a seperate branch and not directly in origin to be able to pull further and update from time to time.

Russell Coker: RSS Aggregation Software

The most commonly installed software for aggregating RSS feeds seems to be Planet and Venus (two forks of the same code base). The operation is that a cron job runs the Python program which syndicates a list of RSS feeds and generates a static web page. Of course the problems start if you have many feeds as polling each of them (even the ones that typically get updated at most once a week) can take a while. My experience with adding moderate numbers of feeds (such as all the feeds used by Planet Debian [1]) is that it can take as much as 30 minutes to poll them all - which will be a problem if you want frequent updates. Frequent polling is not always desired, it means more network load and a greater incidence of transient failures. Any error in updating a feed is (in a default configuration) going to result in an error message being displayed by Planet, which in a default configuration will result in cron sending an email to the sysadmin. Even with an RSS feed being checked every four hours (which is what I do for my personal Planet installations) it can still be annoying to get the email when someone’s feed is offline for a day. Now while there is usually no benefit in polling every 15 minutes (the most frequent poll time that is commonly used) there is one good reason for doing it if you can only poll. The fact that some people want to click reload on the Planet web page every 10 minutes to look for new posts is not a good reason (it’s like looking in the fridge every few minutes and hoping that something tasty will appear). The good reason for polling frequently is to allow timely retraction of posts. It’s not uncommon for bloggers to fail to adequately consider the privacy implications of their posts (let’s face it - professional journalists have a written code of ethics about this, formal training, an editorial board, and they still get it wrong on occasion - it’s not easy). So when a mistake is made about what personal data should be published in a blog post it’s best for everyone if the post can be amended quickly. The design of Planet is that when a post disappears from the RSS feed then it also disappears from the Planet web page, I believe that this was deliberately done for the purpose of removing such posts. The correct solution to the problem of amending or removing posts is to use the “Update Services” part of the blog server configuration to have it send an XML RPC to the syndication service. That can give an update rapidly (in a matter of seconds) without any polling. I believe that a cron job is simply the wrong design for a modern RSS syndication service. This is no criticism of Planet (which has been working well for years for many people) but is due to the more recent requirements of more blogs, more frequent posting, and greater importance attached to blogs. I believe that the first requirement for a public syndication service is that every blogger gets to specify the URL of their own feed to save the sysadmin the effort of doing routine URL changes. It should be an option to have the server act on HTTP 301 codes and record the new URL in the database. Then the sysadmin would only have to manage adding new bloggers (approving them after they have created an account through a web-based interface) and removing bloggers. The problem of polling frequency can be mostly solved by using RPC pings to inform the server of new posts if the RPC mechanism supports removing posts. If removing posts is not supported by the RPC then every blog which has an active post would have to be polled frequently. This would reduce the amount of polling considerably, for example there are 319 blogs that are currently syndicated on Planet Debian, there are 60 posts in the feed, and those posts were written by 41 different people. So if the frequent polling to detect article removal was performed for active articles, given the fact that you poll the bloggers feed URL not the article that would only mean 41 polls instead of 319 - reducing the polling by a factor of more than 7! Now even with support for RPC pings there is still a need to poll feeds. One issue is that feeds may experience temporary technical difficulty in sending the RPC as we don’t want to compel the authors of blog software to try and make the ping as reliable a process as sending email (if that was the requirement then a ping via email might be the best solution). The polling frequency could be implemented on a per-blog basis based on the request of the blogger and the blog availability and posting frequency. Someone who’s blog has been down for a day (which is not uncommon when considering a population of 300 bloggers) could have their blog polled on a daily basis. Apart from that the polling frequency could be based on the time since the last post. It seems to be a general pattern that hobby bloggers (who comprise the vast majority of bloggers syndicated in Planet installations) often go for weeks at a time with no posts and then release a series of posts when they feel inspired. In terms of software which meats these requirements, the nearest option seems to be the the Advogato software mod_virgule [2]. Advogato [3] supports managing accounts with attached RSS feeds and also supports ranking blogs for a personalised view. A minor modification of that code to limit who gets to have their blog archived, and fixing it so that a modified post only has the latest version stored (not both versions as Advogato does) would satisfy some of these requirements. One problem is that Advogato’s method of syndicating blogs is to keep an entire copy of each blog (and all revisions). This goes against the demands of many bloggers who demand that Planet installations not keep copies of their content for a long period and not have any permanent archives. Among other things if there are two copies of a blog post then Google might get the wrong idea as to which is the original. Does anyone know of a system which does better than Advogato in meeting these design criteria?

15 September 2008

Adam Rosi-Kessel: The man hears what he wants to hear

(and disregards the rest) Jonah Lehrer reports the result of a depressing but unsurprising experiment: The Facts Don’t Matter.
Political scientists Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler provided two groups of volunteers with the Bush administration’s prewar claims that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. One group was given a refutation — the comprehensive 2004 Duelfer report that concluded that Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction before the United States invaded in 2003. Thirty-four percent of conservatives told only about the Bush administration’s claims thought Iraq had hidden or destroyed its weapons before the U.S. invasion, but 64 percent of conservatives who heard both claim and refutation thought that Iraq really did have the weapons. The refutation, in other words, made the misinformation worse. A similar “backfire effect” also influenced conservatives told about Bush administration assertions that tax cuts increase federal revenue. One group was offered a refutation by prominent economists that included current and former Bush administration officials. About 35 percent of conservatives told about the Bush claim believed it; 67 percent of those provided with both assertion and refutation believed that tax cuts increase revenue. In a paper approaching publication, Nyhan, a PhD student at Duke University, and Reifler, at Georgia State University, suggest that Republicans might be especially prone to the backfire effect because conservatives may have more rigid views than liberals: Upon hearing a refutation, conservatives might “argue back” against the refutation in their minds, thereby strengthening their belief in the misinformation. Nyhan and Reifler did not see the same “backfire effect” when liberals were given misinformation and a refutation about the Bush administration’s stance on stem cell research.
It’s particularly interesting that the backfire effect is more pronounced with Republicans; this certainly resonates with my admittedly biased view. Better information doesn’t seem to fix the problem, either:
During the first term of Bill Clinton’s presidency, the budget deficit declined by more than 90 percent. However, when Republican voters were asked in 1996 what happened to the deficit under Clinton, more than 55 percent said that it had increased. What’s interesting about this data is that so-called “high-information” voters - these are the Republicans who read the newspaper, watch cable news and can identify their representatives in Congress - weren’t better informed than “low-information” voters.
Anyone have a better solution? Or should we just throw in the towel on democracy?

Russell Coker: A Revolution Done Right

Amaya writes about the fact that the political process in many countries is extremely flawed and is failing their citizens [1] (although she doesn’t actually express it in that way). She asks how a revolution can be done right. If we look at the historical record, after the French Revolution came the Reign of Terror [2], after the English Civil War Oliver Cromwell [3] took power - his actions are widely regarded as genocidal, and as for the Chinese and Russian revolutions - it seems that the majority of the population didn’t benefit much (if at all) from them. Generally it seems that the only times that a revolution seems to give a good result is when the situation was really bad before AND when the government failed basic measures such as ensuring food supplies. The independence for the Indian sub-continent which derived from Ghandi’s work can be used as a counter-example. However the ongoing low-level warfare between India and Pakistan is due to a failure of the process. It seems to me that the required first step towards changing a rotten political system with a minimum of bloodshed is to improve communications. If the majority of the citizens know what is really happening in their own country, how their standards of living compare with those in other countries, and what deals are made between their government and the governments of other countries then they can attempt to work out the best way to improve things. The free software community is already doing a good job of facilitating communications. The key areas are to have computers that act on behalf of their users (not using proprietary implementations and Digital Restrictions Management to make them act on behalf of corporations and the state), to support strong encryption with public implementations, to be generally as secure as possible, and to run on the cheapest possible hardware so that everyone gets access.

14 September 2008

Russell Coker: The Problem is Too Many Remote Controls

I am often asked for advice about purchasing TVs and consumer electronics. Not that I am any great expert in those areas, but my general experience in specifying and purchasing electronics goods in related to my computer work does translate to other areas (and I know where to find advice on the net). As part of this I get to closely observe what happens when people install new home entertainment systems. I have not observed anyone who uses anywhere near the full function of their system, even using the bare minimum functionality in all areas is very rare. I believe that the first problem with this is the input devices. A remote control is designed around the idea of one button for each high-level command, this can be compared to languages such as Chinese and Japanese which have one character per word. In terms of language evolution it seems that the benefits of having multiple characters became apparent and widely accepted thousands of years ago. Now for a simple input device having one button for each high-level operation makes sense. For the basic functions of a VCR you have PLAY, STOP, Fast-Forward, Rewind, Record, and Eject - 6 buttons is quite reasonable. But then you want slightly advanced features such as “record from 8PM to 9PM on channel A and then record from 10PM to 11PM on channel B” and things become unreasonably difficult. More than 10 years ago I was recommending that people just buy 5 hour tapes and press record before leaving home, getting the full functionality out of a VCR was just too hard. Jokes are often made about people who leave their VCR flashing 12:00 (because it’s too difficult to set the time), I only set the time on a VCR to stop the flashing (flashing lights annoy me). Since programmable VCRs became popular things have only continued to develop. Now it’s not uncommon to have separate remote controls for the TV, VCR, DVD player, and the Cable TV box - a total of four remote controls! This is obviously a problem, and the solution that some people are adopting is to have a single more complex remote control - this is an example of problems not being solved by the same type of thinking that caused them. One of the attempts to solve this is to have everything controlled by a PVR [1]. This means that you have one device recording content (maybe from multiple sources or multiple channels), playing recorded content or live content, and maybe playing DVDs and CDs. Of course then you have a complex remote control for that device which just shifts the problem. To solve these problems we need to consider the entire problem space from a high-level. We start with the signal that is displayed by the TV, it can come from cable TV, digital TV, analogue TV, VCR, or DVD - these input sources have names such as “Composite”, “RCA1″, “RCA2″, “RCA3″, “DTV”, and “ATV”. Often people have written instructions near their TV to map these names to what they do. Obviously the TV needs to be able to be programmed with human friendly names, and as these names are not of much use on their own it should be possible to use compound names and abbreviations. If I want to watch ABC (the Australian Government sponsored TV channel) then I would rather type “ABC” on a keyboard and then have the entertainment system determine whether that maps to “cable:abc”, “dtv:abc”, or “atv:abc” depending on what options are available. The current process of choosing an input source (such as RCA1 mapping to cable TV) and then choosing a channel (102 mapping to ABC) means among other things that it is essentially impossible for a guest to control the TV. A further problem is the lack of available output. While it might seem that a large-screen HDTV has adequate output available, it’s often the case that you don’t want to stop watching one show while trying to find another. When something of wide interest is happening (another war or an election) it’s common for several people in one room to want to watch the news. Having everyone stop watching while someone goes through menus to find a different news channel is not well accepted. It seems to me that we need a separate output mechanism for controlling the entire system from that which is used for the main display. This of course requires integration between all parts of the entertainment system, which shouldn’t be that difficult given the complexity of all the components (every one of which has more compute power than a typical server of 20 years ago). It is currently quite common for PVRs and DVD players to support playing videos from USB and SD devices, so the next logical step is to get an Ethernet port in each device (and maybe have Ethernet switches built in to some of the high-end entertainment hardware). Then XML transferred over HTTP could be used for controlling the different components from a single web server which provides a web-based GUI. While a random guest would not get much functionality out of my TV configuration (or that of most homes where I have assisted in the configuration of new hardware), they shuold be able to use a web-based GUI with ease. For controlling the entire system a NetBook [2] computer such as the EeePC should do well. As high-end TVs cost over $5,000 an EeePC which costs $500 (list price - surely less in bulk) could easily be bundled without much impact on the overall price in the same way that companies selling computers in the $1,000,000 price range used to bundle $10,000 workstations to manage them. An EeePC has abut the same size and mass as four remote controls (so it wouldn’t be inconvenient to use). Also the built-in wifi could be used for the remote control (wires are inconvenient and Infra-Red has limited bandwidth so probably wouldn’t provide a good web based GUI). Also someone who wanted to save some money could instead choose to use an old laptop on a coffee table (any web browser would do). I have deployed Linux desktop machines for some people who had no trouble using it, but who then had trouble using TVs that I configured for them - so I conclude that a modern Linux distribution is significantly more user friendly than the equipment that you find in a modern lounge room. Cable TV companies all seem to be ISPs and often provide compelling value as an ISP service if you want to use the TV service. So it seems that the “Cable Modem” could be built in to the Cable TV box for added savings in hardware purchase and less boxes to manage in the home. This of course would increase the value of a NetBook [2] as a remote control as it could also be used for general Internet access at the same time. TV shows often promote their web sites to their customers and TV advertising also often includes a URL. If the URLs were distributed by VideoText then that would provide more information for the viewers, a better reach for advertisers and people who create the TV shows, and it when it became popular it would save us fom those stupid scrolling news tickers that appear on the bottom of most cable new shows! Some of these benefits are currently achieved by people running MythTV. The first problem with Myth is that it is still largely stuck to the bad old UI paradigm (which of course can be fixed as it’s free software). The next problem is that getting a result of comparable quality to the dedicated hardware is expensive, difficult, or both. A regular PC makes more noise than you desire in your lounge room and configuring a Myth machine for your choice of DTV hardware and the frequencies used in your location is a pain. You can buy a preconfigured machine which solves these problems, but it will be more expensive. For most lounge rooms the cheap Chinese hardware is what will be used. Ultimately I believe that TV will be killed by the Internet. The range of content on the net is increasing and the rate of acceleration is also increasing. TV seems to have not made any significant changes since the introduction of cable and satellite TV (both of which happened a long time ago and were not significant changes). But I don’t expect it to happen soon. I predict another 10 years of the current TV business model. I believe that better integration of home entertainment hardware so that it can obey simpler commands from the user in a more friendly manner while not getting in the way of the main purpose (displaying the TV picture) has the potential to extend the life of the current TV business model. Not that I care whether the TV industry dies sooner or later. I just want to escape from having to provide phone-support to people who can’t get their TV to work correctly!

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