How a window manager with tiling layouts makes a 1024x600 resolution livable.
I spend a lot of time in front of a screen, and for the past year I have
used only my netbook. No desktops, no laptops. Just a cheap $200 computer
that is nearly a kid's toy. The most challenging thing about this is
dealing with the 1024x600 screen resolution. When I moved to this screen
from something with many more pixels, it at first seemed very cramped.
After a year, I think that the most important part of coping with the small
screen is the flexability and customizability of layouts provided by the
Xmonad window manager. In this post I will explain a few layouts I have
developed for fitting specific tasks onto the netbook screen.
(I assume that you know maybe 0.1% of Haskell (about what I do),
and can read Haskell code without having a brain aneurysm.)
web browsing
It's important that the web browser have as few toolbars and other
cruft as possible, as horizontal space is especially at a premium. I've
configured both Epiphany and Firefox to put everything in one tool bar.
But now I use Chromium, which comes pre-configured that way.
What the netbook is designed for. You just want a web browser, taking up
the full screen, and with its own tabs. So far, so easy: that's Xmonad's
Full layout.
But, you sometimes want to see two websites side-by-side. This layout
accomplishes that, allowing the sizes to be adjusted as needed. It also
uses Xmonad's
Magnifier to zoom the smaller window when it's focused,
which is useful if you briefly need to see more of a web site.
mySplit = magnifiercz' 1.4 $ Tall nmaster delta ratio
where
-- The default number of windows in the master pane
nmaster = 1
-- Percent of screen to increment by when resizing panes
delta = 3/100
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by master pane
ratio = 60/100
web development
If you're doing web development, you'll want probably one big web browser
window, but also with a nice wide terminal on the same screen, in order to
see web server logs. A simple way to do this is to mirror Xmonad's
Tall
layout by 90 degrees.
myWide = Mirror $ Tall nmaster delta ratio
where
-- The default number of windows in the master pane
nmaster = 1
-- Percent of screen to increment by when resizing panes
delta = 3/100
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by master pane
ratio = 80/100
The
myWide layout uses the full screen width for a single terminal,
and splits the width when there are more. This is sufficient for viewing logs
and doing minor things at the shell prompt, in between testing the result in
the web browser. Of course a terminal can be temporarily moved to the master
area by pressing
mod-return, if you need it to be larger.
chat
Tips on configuring Pidgin for a netbook: Set it up to use vertical tabs to
save horizontal space. Configure the input area to only 1 line tall, and
turn off as much other cruft as you can. The menu bars, sadly, cannot be
disabled, nor can the excessively large borders. In my screenshots, you
can see that stuff wasting space that could be used to show four more lines
of text.
For chat, you want to put the buddy list on the side of the
screen, and use the rest for conversation windows. Xmonad's
IM module
takes care of allocating a sidebar on the screen for the buddy window. The
rest of the screen can be occupied by any layout you choose.
I like to have the conversation windows be as wide as possible, and
typically only want to see two conversations at a time. But sometimes I
might have a dozen visible. A good layout to cope with those needs is
Grid.
myChat' l = withIM size roster l
where
-- Ratio of screen roster will occupy
size = 1%5
-- Match roster window
roster = Title "Buddy List"
myChat = myChat' Grid
The
withIM layout puts the buddy list on the left; I prefer it on the right
for some reason, so I tweaked my layout to do that. All it took was
using the
reflectHoriz layout modifier to get a mirror image of
the layout. Then I reflect the inner layout back to its normal orientation.
Being able to throw in a few function calls and mutate a layout like that
is where Xmonad shines.
myChat' l = reflectHoriz $ withIM size roster $
reflectHoriz $ l
logs
Ever notice that
tail -f wastes the last line of the terminal? On a netbook
this matters.
shorttail
lets the last line be used.
I have a dedidated workspace that I use to tail logs, and as a place to
send long-running tasks (such as compiles). The layout for this needs to
keep windows wide, to see whole logged lines, but they need only be five
or so lines tall. And it's convenient to have one bigger window with the
small ones below. Xmonad has a perfect layout for this, called
Dishes,
because it's sorta like a stack of plates.
myDish = limitWindows 5 $ Dishes nmaster ratio
where
-- The default number of windows in the master pane
nmaster = 1
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by other panes
ratio = 1/5
In the second screenshot above, I have 6 windows open, but only 5 are
visible. The limitWindows 5 accomplishes this. It's handy mostly because
gnome-terminal has a bad habit of crashing when resized to 0x0.
(That's gotta be a bug in something!)
Notice that the screenshots above also have Procmeter in a sidebar on
the right. I (ab)used the
withIM layout to do that:
myLogs' l = reflectHoriz $ withIM procmeterSize procmeter $
reflectHoriz $ l
where
-- Ratio of screen procmeter will occupy
procmeterSize = 1%7
-- Match procmeter
procmeter = ClassName "ProcMeter3"
myLogs = myLogs' myDish
coding
Everything above was easy. Doing coding (or writing) on a small screen is
where it gets hard. When I'm coding I want to have one window that is
exactly 80 columns wide, and as tall as possible, where I do the main
development. Then I need a minimum of two other windows also visible: one
action window for running tests and the like, and one to view references
(emails, man pages, other files, etc). I may need to view any of these
windows fullscreen at any time, of course.
As an example of the three window rule:
While I'm writing this post, I have a reference window open
with my .xmonad/xmonad.hs, and an action window open where I am
managing screenshots.
Often, deep into something, I will accumulate many other reference and action
windows. But three seems to be the magic, minimum number for me;
use of
screen or anything else doesn't reduce it; if I can't see all
three at once, I will waste time and concentration flipping back and forth.
The Xmonad layout I've developed to handle this is based on the handy
FixedColumn layout, which automatically keeps the master window 80
columns wide. I modify this by adding the
Magnifier, so that my action
and reference windows "pop out" over the master window when focused.
myCode = limitWindows 3 $ magnifiercz' 1.4 $ FixedColumn 1 20 80 10
The 1.4 was carefully tuned, to magnify a window to be big enough to be
usable for editing, reading, or command-line, while not obscuring too much
of the other two windows. And again I use
limitWindows, to only show
three windows, in order to keep them all as big as possible. Other windows
are hidden offscreen, but I can rotate to them with alt-tab as needed.
reading ebooks
When I'm reading an ebook, I want to have the reader in the middle of the
screen. But a widescreen netbook like mine is too wide to comfortably
read text all the way across, so it's nice to have margins. (In the margins,
I put terminals, or notes.)
The
ThreeColumns module has a layout that does just that.
myBook = ThreeColMid nmaster delta ratio
where
nmaster = 1
-- Percent of screen to increment by when resizing panes
delta = 3/100
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by master pane
ratio = 2/3
putting it all together
I join all my layouts together, so Xmonad will allow switching
between them. These three combinations all have the same layouts,
only ordered differently, so that different workspaces can have
different default layouts.
codeFirst = myCode myWide myGrid myDish
dishFirst = myDish myCode myWide myGrid
gridFirst = myGrid myDish myCode myWide
Xmonad layouts can be decorated with things like title bars. To save
horizontal space, I leave off the title bars on layouts where they
are not needed to disambiguate windows. Two helper functions can be applied
to add or remove titles (and also cause the layout to avoid the Gnome
panel.)
withTitles l = noFrillsDeco shrinkText myTheme (desktopLayoutModifiers l)
noTitles l = desktopLayoutModifiers l
I have semi-dedicated workspaces; one for each of the above activities.
To assign a layout to a workspace, I use the
PerWorkspace module.
Notice that the "web" workspace has only two available layouts.
Meanwhile, the "book" workspace always uses the specialized myBook
layout; I don't use that layout elsewhere.
perWS = onWorkspace "logs" (withTitles $ myLogs' dishFirst) $
onWorkspace "web" (noTitles $ (mySplit myWide)) $
onWorkspace "chat" (noTitles $ myChat' gridFirst) $
onWorkspace "book" (noTitles $ myBook) $
(withTitles $ codeFirst)
Finally, I allow toggling between the currently selected layout and
fullscreen mode, and use
smartBorders to avoid displaying borders when
there is only one window onscreen.
myLayout = smartBorders $ toggleLayouts Full perWS
Xmonad layout optimised for the small screen of a netbook:
Done!
(For now...)
PS: Thanks to
#xmonad regulars for always having the answer
I need up their sleeves.
On Wednesday I got DAM approval and since Saturday late evening I m officially a Debian Developer. Yay! :-)
My thanks go to
Today, I was glad to attend the biggest demonstration ever in favour of the
Cabanyal neighbourhood of Val ncia, a traditional district populated by the
sea people of the city. After decades of oblivion, the Valencian right-wing
government is trying to execute an old plan to open Valencia to the sea ,
which means demolishing around 450 traditional houses, many of them under
protection for their cultural and architectural value, to extend a big avenue
until the beach. Patrimonial loss aside, neighbours would be forced to
other areas in the city (sadly, this has been happening for a decade already),
making Cabanyal-Canyamelar the new posh neighbourhood for the richer class,
destroying its identity and replacing it with a new set of skyscrapers.
The local government of PP, led by the infamous Rita Barber , knows that
getting the anti-riot police in the neighbourhood and forcing very old men
and women out of the houses where they were born isn't what many people like to
see in the evening news. They also know time is their ally; this plan is
many decades old, and there's no need to hurry now, so it's better to apply
silent mafia tactics on the problem. It's very easy.
First, stop investing a single euro in the area and monitor the slow but
effective results of the degradation. Have a bit of patience, and after
quite a few years, start promoting the illegal occupation of the increasing
number of empty houses by marginal collectives which will bring the associated
introduction of drug dealing in the area. This will surely make even more
people leave or accelerate their decease. Keep repeating this process, until
the Cabanyal is really fucked up. Now, start promoting the rehabilitation
plan , which unavoidably includes splitting the neighbourhood in two
pieces, and destroying a substantial part of it. Hopefully, many of the
neighbours not directly affected by the demolitions will back the plan, they
can't be blamed for being really fed up after all. Do all you can to confront
those in favour to those against. In the meanwhile, start harrassing owners,
make them end up selling their property at ridiculous prices and as soon as
this happens, demolish it very quickly. Don't even bother with cleaning up the
rubble: an increasing number of sites like this all over the place may be
what makes a few more families give up and leave.
In the end, you either have an empty neighbourhood, or you've managed to
demolish all the annoying houses that block your shiny avenue. However, if a
Supreme Court argues that the remaining houses still have some
cultural value, you might want to consider changing your local law to
unprotect those architectural elements.
Today, many thousands of Valencians marched around Cabanyal to say
enough! . From the street, I saw several old women out on the balconies
of their beautiful houses, their eyes wet with tears, while they observed in
silence all that many people who were fighting for them. There's still a long
way to go in the courts until this is all over, but at least these people
have a little more hope today than those in el Carme or La Punta, who ended
up losing similar battles, years ago.
At the recommendation of 
I always thought 
Following 
If you thought otherwise, you're crazy, but just for reference:
I'm glad 
The