Compute clusters for Debian development and building final report
Summary
-
The goal of this project was intended to have Eucalyptus cloud to
support ARM images so it allows Debian developers and users to be able
to use such facility for taks such package building, software
development (ie. Android) under a Debian pre-set image,
software testing many others.
What was expected to have at the end is a modified version of Eucalyptus
Cloud that supports ARM images on the first place. To date this goal has
been reached but is not complete, read production-ready. Extensive test
needs to be done. Besides that we have another goal which is to get
Debian community to use this new extended tool.
Project overview
-
Eucalyptus is a hybrid cloud computing platform which has a Open Source
(FLOSS) version. It s targetted to be used for PaaS (Platform as a
Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) and other distribution
models. It can be used also for cloud management. Given that it has
implemented the EC2, for computing, and the S3, for storage, API, it s
compatible with existing public clouds such Amazon EC2. Currently it
supports running i386 and amd64 images or NC (Node Controllers) in
Eucalyptus naming.
Eucalyptus is a complex piece of software. It s architechture it s
modular composed by five components. Cloud Controller (CLC), Walrus (W),
Storage Controller (SC), Cluster Controller (CC) and Node Controller
(NC). The first three are written in Java and the remaining are written
in C. Our project modifications was targetted to the NC component,
altough there is a remaining task for hacking the UI to allow setting
the arch of the uploaded NC image instance.
The Node Controller is in charge of setting the proper information for
Eucalyptus to be able to run virtualized images. Eucalyptus uses XEN and
KVM hyphervisor to handle internal virtualization subsystem, and
Libvirt, which is an abstraction of the existing virtualization
libraries, for program interfacing.
Having that in mind we are back to our project. For our project to be
sucessful we had various tasks to do. Beginning with understanding such
complex piece of software, followed by hacking the requiered bits and
later integrate the work so it results in a useful tool. Our approach to
the project was then inline with such description.
The project s history
I started my participation in GSoC approaching Steffen to discuss about
what was expected, or more accurately, what was in his mind. We
exchanged emails previous to my application and that resulted on my
application being submitted. From the beginning I should tell that I
wasn t much clear on the final product of the project, however we
refined ideas and goals during the weeks following to the official
begining of the project. What was clear for me, after all, is that for
this to see the light and gain adoption Eucalyptus code needed to be
dealt with.
Our first task was review ARM image creation from scratch, using the
work done by Aurelien and Dominique in previous GSoC. I ve managed to
get an updated ARM image running under qemu-system-arm. The issues
presented in the past were almost unexistant now that the versatile
kernel is official. You can see this on my first report.
After that being done and sometimes in parallel my main goal was then understand
the internals of the Eucalyptus software in order to figure out it s
feasibility, where do we need to extend and how big the task is, we
didn t knew upfront. From the beginning of the project Steffen was kind
to introduce me to the Eucalyptus developers and that have resulted in a
good outcome for Debian, IMHO, to date.
Understanding Eucalyptus internals was quite a fun task to say the less. As you
can see on the first part of the report Eucalyptus is modularized and
the component I was expected to work with was the NC (Node
Controller). Given that I isolated my work focus, I started to focus on
learning the internals about that component.
Node Controller as described is in charge of talking with
virtualization hyphervisors in order to arrange things to run guest
image instances. The module has basically one main component: handler.c,
in charge to talk to the appropiate hyphervisor and there are
extensions (think of OOP polymorphism but acknoledge it s plain C)
that interact with KVM or XEN.
I figured that if qemu-kvm is ran in Hyphervisor mode we can manage to
run an ARM image with qemu-system-arm. Given that Eucalyptus has
interaction with KVM hyphervisor in place, this answered the question of
the project s feasibility. First green light on.
>From this point the scope reduced to interacting with the KVM handler
(node/handler_kvm.c) and extend it to support running an image that is
not amd64 or i386.
NC makes use of libvirt to abstract interaction with Hyphervisors. So,
the next phase was learning about it s API and figure what s needed to
be modified next. Libvirt uses a XML file for setting Domain (in
libvirt s naming) definitions. So, Eucalyptus provides a Perl wrapper to
generate this file on runtime and allow the NC to invoke libvirt s API
to run the instance. Next task then, was adapt such script to support
ARM arch. The current script is taiolred for amd64 and i383. I worked on
that front and managed to get a script prototype, that can later be
improved and support more arch s.
Generating an adequate Libvirt s XML Domain definition file for ARM can
be a heroic task. There are many things to have in mind given the
diversity of the ARM processor and vendors. I focused on the versatile
flavour given that I was going to test the image I built on the first
place and it ran fine under qemu-system-arm.
The Perl script wrapper then was adapted for such configuration and it
can be tested independently by issuing the following command:
$ tools/gen_kvm_libvirt_xml arch arm
The arch parameter is what I implemented and it s intended to be
called from the kvm handler on instance creation. With the extensibility
in mind I ve created a hash to associate the arch with their
corresponding emulator.
our %arches = (
amd64 => /usr/bin/kvm ,
arm => /usr/bin/qemu-system-arm ,
);
Added the arch parameter to the GetOptions() function and used
conditions to tell whether the user is looking for a particular arch,
arm in our case. The most important parts to be considered are the
, and entries.
hvm
$local_kvm
There s also and that require to be tailored for arm.
root=0800
As output the script generates an XML template that can be adapted to
your needs and it could be used and tested with tools like Libvirt s
virsh. So that, it can be useful independently of Eucalyptus. I managed
to get to this point before the midterm evaluation.
Now that we had the XML wrapper almost done, the next task was to make
the handler call pass the arch as an argument to the script, so the
image is loaded with the proper settings and we are able to run it.
Eucalyptus doesn t have a arch field for NC s instances. So, after approaching
Eucalyptus developers, with whom we had already being interacting, I
settled to my proposal of extending the ncInstance struct with an arch
field (util/data.h). The ncInstance_t struct stores the metadata for the
instance being created. It s used for storing runtime data as well as
network configuration and more. It was indeed the right place to add a
new field. I did so by creating the archId field.
Now I needed to make sure the arch information is stored and later used on the
libvirt s call.
typedef struct ncInstance_t
char instanceId[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char imageId[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char imageURL[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char kernelId[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char kernelURL[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char ramdiskId[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char ramdiskURL[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char reservationId[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char userId[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char archId[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
int retries;
/* state as reported to CC & CLC */
char stateName[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE]; /* as string */
int stateCode; /* as int */
/* state as NC thinks of it */
instance_states state;
char keyName[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE*4];
char privateDnsName[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char dnsName[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
int launchTime; // timestamp of RunInstances request arrival
int bootTime; // timestamp of STAGING->BOOTING transition
int terminationTime; // timestamp of when resources are released (->TEARDOWN transition)
virtualMachine params;
netConfig ncnet;
pthread_t tcb;
/* passed into NC via runInstances for safekeeping */
char userData[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE*10];
char launchIndex[CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
char groupNames[EUCA_MAX_GROUPS][CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE];
int groupNamesSize;
/* updated by NC upon Attach/DetachVolume */
ncVolume volumes[EUCA_MAX_VOLUMES];
int volumesSize;
ncInstance;
With that in place what was left was modifying the functions that
store/update the ncInstance data, and also the libvirt s function that
calls the gen_kvm_libvirt_xml script. I ve modified the following files:
- util/data.c
- node/handlers_kvm.c
- node/handlers. c,h
- node/test.c
- node/client-marshall-adb.c
Most important the allocate_instance() function that is in charge of setting up
the instance metadata a prepare it to pass it to the handler, then
hyphervisor trough Libvirt s API. The function now has a new archId
parameter as well, to keep coherence with the field name. It also
handles whether the field is set or not. We (Eucalyptus developers and
I) haven t settled wether to initialize this field with a default value
or not. I d stepped up and initialized with a NULL value for this string
type var.
if (archId != NULL)
strncpy(inst->archId, archId, CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE);
Stores the value only if it s passed to the function. This is essential to
don t break existing functionality and keep consistency for later releases.
With this we almost finished the part of extending Eucalyptus to support
arm images. It took quite long to get to that point. Next step: test.
As I mentioned in my previous report the current Eucalyptus packaging
has issues. From the beginning I ve approached the pkg-eucalyptus team,
who were very hepful. So I myself set me up and joined the pkg team with
commit access to the repo. Even the GSoC is not intended for packaging
labour, I needed to clear things on that side because what we want is
adoption so anyone, say a DSA or a user, could setup a cloud that has
support for running arm instances under amd64 arch.
Over the weeks between mid-term evaluation and past week I ve worked on
that front. Results were good, as you can see in the pkg-eucalyptus
mailing list and SVN repo.
Eucalyptus has a couple of issues that because of it s nature and complexity
triggered build errors. Those issues came from the Java side of the project and
few form the C-side. The C-part was a problem with AXIS2 Jar used to generate
stubs for later inclusion on build-time. There s no definitive solution to date
because one of the Makefile on gatherlog/Makefile issues a subshell call that
doesn t catches the AXIS_HOME environment variable. I ve worked around this
by defining it as a session env var from .zshrc. The other problem is related
to the Java libary versioning and most likely (we had to investigate further)
to groovy versioning.
As I explained Eucalyptus has 3 components written in Java. The Java code uses
extensively the AXIS2 library for implementing webservices calls, the groovy
language for JVM, and many other Java libaries. Eucalyptus open source version
ships both online and offline versions. The difference is basically that
the offline version ships the Java libaries JAR files inside the source code,
so you can build with all required deps.
Our former packaging used a file to list which Java libraries the package
depends on and it symlinked them using system wide installed packages. This
rather than helping out triggered a lot of problems I explaing with more detail
on the pkg-eucalyptus ml. I worked around this by telling the debian/rules
not to use such file to symlink and instead use the existing ones from
the source. The last weekend I managed to get to that point and built
sucessfully the software under Debian. I ve done that in order to have a
complete build-cycle for my changes, and then test. In fact today I ve
spotted and fixed a couple of bugs there.
What s available now
To date we have a Eucalyptus branch where my patches are sent. The level of
extension is nearly complete, more testing needed. One missing bit is to
change the UI so that the user selects which arch her image is and that
value is passed to the corresponding functions on the Node Controller
component.
We also have an ARM image that can be tested and later automated. I ve
recently learned about David Went s VMBuilder repo that extends Ubuntu s
vmbuilder to support image creationg. I might talk to him to adapt the tool
in order to support creation of arm images and use it to upload to an
Eucalyptus cloud.
I ve also created a wiki page with different bits on which I was working on.
I ve yet need to craft it to be more educational. I guess I m going to use
this report as a source :)
We also had more strong cooperation with the Eucalyptus project and
involved their developers on the packaging and this project, which is
something I consider a great outcome for this project and GSoC goals:
to attract more people to contribute to FLOSS. I ve also been contacted by
people from the Panda Project and we might cooperate also.
Future work
I plan to keep working on the project regardless the GSoC ends. Our goal
as Debian could be integrating this into the Eucalyptus upstream
branch. We have good relations with them so expect news from that side.
I also plan to keep working with the Eucalyptus team and related
software in Debian, given that I m familiarized with the tools and
projects.
I m also planning to advocate SoC for Debian in my faculty. To date we
had already 4 students, IIRC, that have participated in the past.
Project challenges and lessons
During the project I faced many challenges both in the personal side
and in the technical one. This part is a bit personal but I expect we
learn from this.
First challenge was the where do I sit problem. My project was
particular, indeed quite different from the others on it s nature. I had
to work on a software that is not Debian s and then come and say Hey we
have this nice tool for you, come test it! . So, indeed, my focus was on
the understanding of such tool, Eucalyptus, and not much on looking back
at Debian because I didn t feel I had something to advertise yet and
indeed I got most valuable/useful feedback from Eucalyptus developers
rather than Debian s, which for the case is OK IMHO. I had great
mentoring. This situation probably looked a bit of isolation from my
side, from Debian s POV, but it was not intended it s just how it needed
to be IMHO. I felt that I wasn t contributing directly to the
project. I ve spoke about such thing with Steffen a couple of times. I d
like to say that it was also my concern but I probably failed on
communicating this, second challenge.
Third challenge was more technical and related to the first one. Since I
was not writing any code for a Debian native package/program but instead for
other project I faced the situation of where to publish my
contributions. Eucalyptus had some issues on managing their FLOSS repo
and the current development one is outdated comparing to the
-src-offline 2.0.3 release. The project didn t fit pkg-eucalyptus repo
neither, even we thought to branch the existing trunk and ship my
contribs as quilt patches, but it involved a lot of more work and burn
on reworking something that has issues now. Later on time I branched the
bzr eucalyptus-devel Launchpad repo and synced there with the
src-offline code. I was slow to react on thing I can say.
Fourth challenge was also technical and still dealing with. I was looking to
setup a machine to set a cloud and test my branch. The Dean of my faculty
kindly offered a machine but I ve never managed to get things arranged
with the technical team. Steffen and I discussed about this and evaluated
options, at the end we settled on pushing adoption rather than showcasing it.
Since for adoption we need a use case, I ve spend some SoC money on hardware
for doing this. I should have news this week on that side :)
Finally, I d like to thank everyone on the Debian SoC team for this
opportunity to participate. I like to thank Steffen for his effort on
arranging things for me, Graziano from Eucalyptus for his advice on
working with the software code. The different people from Eucalyptus I
interacted with and showed interest on the project s sucess. My
classmates and teachers from the Computer Science School at UCSP in
Arequipa-Peru, friends from the computing community in Peru SPC and
finally my family. Thank you, I learned a lot, specially on the personal
side. As Randy Pausch put: The brick walls are there to give us a
chance to show how badly we want something.
Resources
Please see the Wiki page[1] for any reference to the project s resources.
1- http://wiki.debian.org/SummerOfCode2011/BuildWithEucalyptus/ProjectLog
Best regards,
Rudy
I stopped my story in early 1994, after my Big Switch to the
mysterious and new world of Linux.
My home server, kheops, is now running Debian and is fed with news and
mail by FrMug, formerly French Minix Users Group and now run by AFAU,
the "Association Fran aise des Amateurs de Usenet".
As I'm still console-challenged, I'm reading mail and news on another
machine I have at home, named "khephren", which is running an, ahem,
beta copy of Microsoft Windows 95. Yeah, I know...:-)
These 1994-1999 years were mostly the Usenet years, for me. I
gradually became more and more involved in several fr.* newsgroups,
either related to the Linux world...or to the Windows world. The
latter was professionnally a bonus for me as 1994 is also the year
where I switched from the Material Science department at Onera to the
Network and Computing Department. My mission there was to accompany
the increasing prevalence of personal desktop workstations in the
daily life of what was formerly the Big Castle of Computing at Onera,
hosting various generations of Cray computers, most of which being in
the Top500 world supercomputers (we even had one in the Top10, very
briefly, at somepoint).
So, I was "the PC and Windows guy" in this world of supercomputing,
Unix and network wizards. But my hobby at home helped me keeping and
growing skills in both "worlds" which, over the years, has proven to
be a not so common profile..:-)
Meanwhile, at home, I was spending hours and nights reading those
newsgroups...or getting involved in fr.* hierarchy management..or
expanding my friends network to many people in the news, Linux, BSD
worlds.
That lasted for about 3 years with ups and downs (with three young
kids at home, you end up having slightly less time...). I was
gradually improving my home server use, adding more functionalities to
it, for instance setting it up as a file and print server with Samba
1.9.something (this will be the beginning of a long story with
samba!).
Unfortunately, my dear Ren had
passed in the meantime. Ren did so
much for Linux in France that he'll be the only link I give in
this article. If you happen to go through P re Lachaise cemetery in
Paris, go to its Memory garden instead of visiting Jim Morrison's
grave and drink a whisky bottle in memory of Ren .
Or just install one of the most funnily named Debian packages: le-dico-de-rene-cougnenc
and, again, drink something to his memory (whisky is highly preferred).
We then reached 1997 and a specific event: my father (who was very
sick for years) passed during summer, some time after my grand-father
passed too. As it apparently happens for
many people, it triggerred me into the interest for family
history. After all, those people who are going away are family
memories. And, in some way, I wanted to keep track of this memory.
As a consequence, I started collecting family memories, interviewing
my close relatives (the oldest ones) and ending, of course, in
tracking all this with my computers. That was the start of a long
genealogy research that sent me on the track of the Perrier family (of
course), but also all other branches, on my mother and father side, as
well as reconstructing the tree of cousins we have, etc, etc.
As anybody who did that knows, this is quite an endless task but I
went very committed to it. I quickly ended up in joining research
groups that were using the recent growth of personal access to
Internet communication. Those groups were, in these 90's, building
elaborated systems where people can help together in their research
instead of having to travel to places where archives are stored. I
participated to many such groups and even ended up animating one who
was doing research in archives of the "Yvelines" "d partement", my
place of living (even though I have no family branch there). At the
same time, other groups were sending me research results for my own
family in the French region where my roots are.
Collective effort, help others for free, you can recognize things that
are a constant all over these years, indeed.
It actually helped me in tracking my Perrier ancestors up to about
1680, with 11 generations of men holding that name (from
Jean-Baptiste, my son, up to tienne Perrier, who is born about
1640-1650, in the small village named Briant in Sa ne et Loire, in
France). Or even climbing up to Laurent Polette, born circa 1510,
mentioned in a document date February 1562. He his my oldest known ancestor.Those folks being 15 generations
before me. My oldest ancestor is born under Fran ois the First, King
of France, protector of Leonardo Da Vinci, at the time La Joconde was
painted or the Chambord castle was built. Doh.
Unfortunately, genealogy software, at that time, was quite poor for
Unix systems. Lifelines was a quite strong development but wasn't that
user-friendly and I ended up using a Windows-based "shareware"
software written by an individual. Still, my Linux machine was used
quite intensively: databases were stored there, and saved there, all
important informations were there, my mail was received there, along
with dozens of mailing lists I was reading. I even hosted a few
mailing lists on my home server.
Still, in the meantime also, again in 1997, in October, another event
happened. We had a pollution peak in Paris area and October 1st was
the first (and as of now the only ever) day where driving restrictions were applied.
Up to that moment, I was driving to/from work (30 kilometers one way).
I decided to use this opportunity to really test public transport, for
one full month. As
I knew it would take me much more time than driving, I tried to
imagine a way to use that time.
How about reading mail and news on a laptop instead of only at home?
Done... In a few days, I found a used Compaq Aero laptop (486 16MHz),
I installed Debian "bo" on it, switched my mail and news workflow to
console programs (mutt and slrn) and here we go!
So, finally, in October 1997, I was using Linux nearly all time long,
the only exception being genealogy data handling.
That laptop was named "mykerinos" (the small pyramid) and....my laptop
is still named mykerinos, though it's now the 5th mykerinos I have..:-)
Ah, and since then, I nearly always use public transport to go to/from
work. Debian addiction is good for the planet!
At some point (I don't remember exactly when...about 1999, I think), DSL connections
appeared and one of the first DSL FAI emerged on France: Free. I was already
using their services for dialup access, but DSL was then a revolution:
persistent connection! And nearly immediately, static IP!
I became one of their first DSL customers (and I'm still
one). Moreover, I had then friends working there...and they had many
Debian machines to host their services.
So, with the help of my Freenix friends, some DNS hosting on their
machines and the still tireless eu.org entirely free domain, perrier.eu.org was born.
Immediately, this gave me opportunities for doing many interesting
things with my home server: setting up www.perrier.eu.org and use
it....for learning web things and sharing genealogical data. For
instance, I ended up hosting some data sent by other genealogists such
as digital copies of archives for some French regions, all served
through my 512/128kbps DSL line (quickly upgraded to 2Mb, IIRC).
And, very quickly, I felt the need to share my family tree, of course!
And here comes Geneweb.
Written (in Ocaml) by Daniel de Rauglaudre, Geneweb was (and still is)
by far one of the best tools to share genealogy data over the Net. So,
I ended up installing it on my home machine. Guess how I did that?
"apt-get install geneweb", of course. Yes, it was packaged. Indeed by
Brent Fulgham who did the initial release on July 22nd 2000.
Here, my memory is a little bit vague. I think I actually packaged
Geneweb for my own use and sharing it on upstream FTP site, forking Brent's package as a start, but updating
to latest upstream release. Then I quickly ended up having discussions
with Brent about this new upstream release, and that lead to:
Yet another useful tool of which at least I heard quite late in my
Unix career is watch . For a long time I wrote one-liners like this
to monitor the output of a command:
We all hate the A in ADSL, but most of us are stuck with it. So there
are any number of workarounds that keep our link to the Internet
working with a certain amount of perceived fluidity, by way of
"traffic shaping". Many of us use 
User BobH asked
Here is the short version: to get better performance on your 
The most important plot is the top one. The blue line is the attempted
number of transactions per second (
It is able to get the same performance as stud (763 
As you can see in the plot above, only stud is able to scale
properly. stunnel is not able to take advantage of the cores and its
performances are worse than with a single core. I think this may be
due to its threaded model and the fact that the userland for this
32bit system is a bit old. nginx is able to achieve the same 
This plot also explains why stud performances fall after the
maximum: because of the failed transactions, the session cache is not
as efficient. This phenomenon does not exist when session reuse is not enabled.
(This was going to be a comment on 
Built the 
A very popular refrain on tech sites is that the high street cannot support multiple competing phone ecosystems. It s a reasonable position to take. Do phone stores want to train their employees on six or seven different OSes? Do consumers understand the differences, and should they need to? Do app developers want to rewrite their app six or seven times? The obvious answer to all of these is no . Stores only want to train their employees once, developers want to write their app once. Choice is bad, because choice is complicated. You can have it in any colour, so long as it s black.
The problem is, we need those competing efforts, for the entire market to increase in quality. Until the iPhone appeared on the market, Google s nascent mobile phone OS looked more like a poor man s Blackberry OS than what ended up shipping on the HTC Dream and later devices. Windows Phone 7 didn t ship with any multitasking at all and now the Mango update will be incorporating a multitasking model largely thieved from WebOS. iOS only just got support for updating the phone s firmware without being plugged into a host PC via USB, something which a few Android devices and all WebOS devices have always supported.
Consider, for comparison, the web browser market. It would be easiest if there was only one web browser but that browser would quickly stagnate and cause pain, the way Internet Explorer 6 did when it had almost the entire market. It wasn t until upstarts like Firefox and Opera and Chrome and more started showing off their unique ideas that the entire pack started improving including IE, with IE9 supporting most of the features that the competition introduced.
Every smartphone shipping today has something to offer that other devices don t and every smartphone OS shipping today has something to offer that other OSes don t. iOS has the widest app catalog. Android is Open Source (FSVO Open ). WebOS has the best multitasking, and Just Type . Windows Phone 7 offers a drastic new user interface paradigm. Blackberry OS is built for messaging tasks, and has the best sysadmin control. Symbian is well, okay, sometimes there s a time to let go but the same applies for web browsers too.
Smartphones are communication devices that people use every day of their lives, and every consumer has different needs we shouldn t try to push them into an ill-fitting category, just to satisfy ourselves that it s probably only possible for three mobile platforms to succeed in the mass-market . For some people, Blackberry OS really *is* the best choice, and no matter how much you pretend, an iPhone would enhance their lives. And as for the app question tough shit. Plenty of app developers only target iOS even though Android is overtaking in the market, and if they really want to reach as many people as possible, then use a cross-platform framework like PhoneGap or some of Xamarin s products. Single-ecosystem apps are a low-effort push to reach as many people possible with minimal investment, and the only way to satisfy that class of developer is to eliminate ALL competition in the marketplace iOS-only devs are this decade s IE6-only devs.
Everyone is entitled to their opinion, but I for one am sick of all the tales of doom and gloom that immediately surround any effort which isn t iOS or pure Android. We have a marketplace of ideas, which we should be celebrating, and not dumping on. I m eagerly awaiting delivery of my HP Pre 3, with all the unique possibilities it offers me which simply another Android device wouldn t have. And the big difference between WebOS and Nokia s Maemo/MeeGo efforts, for those who are still doubtful, is HP haven t spent years trying to deliberately sabotage the platform. Give it time. If I m wrong, the worst-case scenario is being lumbered with an awesome phone.
You might not know who Peter is because he s not very visible on Debian mailing lists. He s very active however and in particular on IRC. He was an admin of the OFTC IRC network at the time Debian switched from Freenode to OFTC. Nowadays he s a member of the Debian System Administration team who runs all the debian.org servers.
If you went to a Debconf you probably met him since he s always looking for new signatures of his GPG key. He owns the best connected key in the 
During that year I started getting involved in the German language
Debian channel on IRCnet which got me in contact with some DDs.
Christian Kurz (<shorty>) was working on Debian QA at the time
and he asked my help in writing a couple of scripts. Some of that
work, 
Every year I worry that DebConf might not be as good as I hope, or
not as good as previous years. Well, I've yet to be let down!
The 
Multistrap runtime message translations need updating but the manpages aren't being done this time around. More changes are likely before those get done.Current runtime translation status:
The