# AICCU Configuration
# Login information
username USERNAME
password PASSWORD
# Protocol and server listed on your tunnel
protocol tic
server tic.sixxs.net
# Interface names to use
ipv6_interface sixxs
# The tunnel_id to use
# (only required when there are multiple tunnels in the list)
#tunnel_id <your tunnel id>
# Be verbose?
verbose false
# Daemonize?
daemonize true
# Require TLS?
requiretls true
# Set default route?
defaultroute true

# wait until time is synced
while [  date +%Y  -eq 1970 ]; do
sleep 5
done
# check if aiccu is already running
if [ -n " ps grep etc/aiccu grep -v grep " ]; then
aiccu stop
sleep 1
killall aiccu
fi
# start aiccu
sleep 3
aiccu start /jffs/etc/aiccu.conf
sleep 3
ip -6 addr add 2001:....:....:....::/64 dev br0
ip -6 route add 2001:....:....:....::/64 dev br0
sleep 5
#### BEGIN FIREWALL RULES ####
WAN_IF=sixxs
LAN_IF=br0
#flush tables
ip6tables -F
#define policy
ip6tables -P INPUT DROP
ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP
ip6tables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Input to the router
# Allow all loopback traffic
ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
#Allow unrestricted access on internal network
ip6tables -A INPUT -i $LAN_IF -j ACCEPT
#Allow traffic related to outgoing connections
ip6tables -A INPUT -i $WAN_IF -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# for multicast ping replies from link-local addresses (these don't have an
# associated connection and would otherwise be marked INVALID)
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-reply -s fe80::/10 -j ACCEPT
# Allow some useful ICMPv6 messages
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type packet-too-big -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT
# Forwarding through from the internal network
# Allow unrestricted access out from the internal network
ip6tables -A FORWARD -i $LAN_IF -j ACCEPT
# Allow some useful ICMPv6 messages
ip6tables -A FORWARD -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A FORWARD -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type packet-too-big -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A FORWARD -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A FORWARD -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A FORWARD -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A FORWARD -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT
#Allow traffic related to outgoing connections
ip6tables -A FORWARD -i $WAN_IF -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

interface br0
 
AdvSendAdvert on;
prefix 2001:....:....:....::/64
  
  ;
 RDNSS 2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844
  
  ;
 ;

$ mtr -r -c 1 google.com
Start: Fri Jan 15 14:51:18 2016
HOST: jj                          Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
1.  -- 2001:....:....:....::      0.0%     1    1.4   1.4   1.4   1.4   0.0
2.  -- gw-163.syd-01.au.sixxs.ne  0.0%     1   12.0  12.0  12.0  12.0   0.0
3.  -- ausyd01.sixxs.net          0.0%     1   13.5  13.5  13.5  13.5   0.0
4.  -- sixxs.sydn01.occaid.net    0.0%     1   13.7  13.7  13.7  13.7   0.0
5.  -- 15169.syd.equinix.com      0.0%     1   11.5  11.5  11.5  11.5   0.0
6.  -- 2001:4860::1:0:8613        0.0%     1   14.1  14.1  14.1  14.1   0.0
7.  -- 2001:4860::8:0:79a0        0.0%     1  115.1 115.1 115.1 115.1   0.0
8.  -- 2001:4860::8:0:8877        0.0%     1  183.6 183.6 183.6 183.6   0.0
9.  -- 2001:4860::1:0:66d6        0.0%     1  196.6 196.6 196.6 196.6   0.0
10. -- 2001:4860:0:1::72d         0.0%     1  189.7 189.7 189.7 189.7   0.0
11. -- kul01s07-in-x09.1e100.net  0.0%     1  194.9 194.9 194.9 194.9   0.0
$ mtr -4 -r -c 1 google.com
Start: Fri Jan 15 14:51:46 2016
HOST: jj                          Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
1. -- gateway                    0.0%     1    1.3   1.3   1.3   1.3   0.0
2. -- 10.50.0.1                  0.0%     1   11.0  11.0  11.0  11.0   0.0
3. -- ???                       100.0     1    0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0
4. -- ???                       100.0     1    0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0
5. -- ???                       100.0     1    0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0   0.0
6. -- riv4-ge4-1.gw.optusnet.co  0.0%     1   12.1  12.1  12.1  12.1   0.0
7. -- 198.142.187.20             0.0%     1   10.4  10.4  10.4  10.4   0.0

• fix link names of otf font links
• safer remove option
• ensure that we don t create circular links

apt install apt-transport-tor
sed -i 's% http://ftp.debian.org/%tor+http://vwakviie2ienjx6t.onion/%' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's% http% tor+http%' /etc/apt/sources.list

Toolchain fixes David Bremner uploaded dh-elpa/0.0.18 which adds a --fix-autoload-date option (on by default) to take autoload dates from changelog. Lunar updated and sent the patch adding the generation of .buildinfo to dpkg.

Packages fixed The following packages have become reproducible due to changes in their build dependencies: aggressive-indent-mode, circe, company-mode, db4o, dh-elpa, editorconfig-emacs, expand-region-el, f-el, geiser, hyena, js2-mode, markdown-mode, mono-fuse, mysql-connector-net, openbve, regina-normal, sml-mode, vala-mode-el. The following packages became reproducible after getting fixed:

• avrdude/6.2-5 by Milan Kupcevic.
• ca-certificates/20160104 by Michael Shuler, original patch by Reiner Herrmann.
• cryptsetup/2:1.7.0-1 uploaded by Jonas Meurer, original patches (#780864, #794106) by Dhole and Valentin Lorentz.
• gpaw/0.11.0.13004-3 by Graham Inggs.
• graphite2/1.3.4-2 uploaded by Rene Engelhard, original patch by Reiner Herrmann.
• manpages/4.04-0.1 uploaded by Tobias Quathamer, original patch by Lunar.
• medicalterms/20160103-1 uploaded by Tobias Quathamer, reported by Daniel Kahn Gillmor.
• metview/4.5.7-3 uploaded by Alastair McKinstry, original patch by Reiner Herrmann.
• oasis3/3.mct+dfsg.121022-7 uploaded by Alastair McKinstry, original patch by Reiner Herrmann.
• postgresql-9.5/9.5.0-1 by Christoph Berg.
• python-caja/1.12.0-1 uploaded by Mike Gabriel, original patch by Chris Lamb.
• qutemol/0.4.1~cvs20081111-5 by Graham Inggs.
• robocode/1.9.2.5-1 by Markus Koschany.
• rungetty/1.2-16 by Rhonda D'Vine, original patches (#777447, #793717) by Chris Lamb and akira.
• t-prot/3.4-4 by Rhonda D'Vine.
• tetrinet/0.11+CVS20070911-2 by Rhonda D'Vine, original patch by Chris Lamb.
• tworld/1.3.2-2 by Rhonda D'Vine, original patch by Chris Lamb.
• visp-images/3.0.0-2 uploaded by Fabien Spindler, original patch by Chris Lamb.
• xblast-tnt-levels/20050106-3 by Rhonda D'Vine, original patch by Chris Lamb.
• xblast-tnt-models/20050106-4 by Rhonda D'Vine, original patch by Chris Lamb.
• xblast-tnt-musics/20050106-3 by Rhonda D'Vine, original patch by Chris Lamb.
• xblast-tnt-sounds/20040429-3 by Rhonda D'Vine, original patch by Chris Lamb.

Some uploads fixed some reproducibility issues, but not all of them:

• ace-of-penguins/1.5~rc1-1 by Markus Koschany, original patch by Reiner Herrmann.
• disque/1.0~rc1-4 by Chris Lamb.
• elki/0.7.0-4 by Erich Schubert.
• xnecview/1.35-8 by Tobias Frost, original patch by Chris Lamb.

Patches submitted which have not made their way to the archive yet:

• #809780 on flask-restful by Chris Lamb: implement support for SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH in the build system.
• #810259 on avfs by Chris Lamb: implement support for SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH in the build system.
• #810509 on apt by Mattia Rizzolo: ensure a stable file order is given to the linker.

reproducible.debian.net Add 2 more armhf build nodes provided by Vagrant Cascadian. This added 7 more armhf builder jobs. We now run around 900 tests of armhf packages each day. (h01ger) The footer of each page now indicates by which Jenkins jobs build it. (h01ger)

diffoscope development diffoscope 45 has been released on January 4th. It features huge memory improvements when comparing large files, several fixes of squashfs related issues that prevented comparing two Tails images, and improve the file list of tar and cpio archive to be more precise and consistent over time. It also fixes a typo that prevented the Mach-O to work (Rainer M ller), improves comparisons of ELF files when specified on the command line, and solves a few more encoding issues.

Package reviews 134 reviews have been removed, 30 added and 37 updated in the previous week. 20 new fail to build from source issues were reported by Chris Lamb and Chris West. prebuilder will now skip installing diffoscope to save time if the build results are identical. (Reiner Herrmann)

Installing Docker

Pulling the Docker image Just in case you didn't, you need to (re)start docker to work with service docker restart

# docker pull ghost

Making Ghost (container image) run forever I did not like systemd in the first place for many reasons. But in some circumstances it makes sense. In case of handling a Docker container, using a systemd unit file makes life much easier.

# mkdir -p /srv/docker/ghost/
# cat > /etc/systemd/system/ghost.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=GHost Service  
After=docker.service  
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/docker kill ghost  
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/docker rm ghost  
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/docker pull ghost  
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker run  --name ghost --publish 2368:2368 --env 'NODE_ENV=production' --volume /srv/docker/ghost/:/var/lib/ghost ghost  
ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker stop ghost
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target  
EOF  
# systemctl enable ghost && systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start ghost 

This will start your container on start and even is looking for a new Docker image and is fetching it, if needed. If you don't like this behavior, just comment out the line in the config and reread it with systemctl daemon-reload. Now you should have listening something on port 2368:

# netstat -tapn   grep 2368
tcp6       0      0 :::2368                 :::*                    LISTEN      7061/docker-proxy  

Update: Jo l Dinel did send me a mail, that starting your Docker container with --restart always will take care that it is brought up again if Docker or (even) the whole system will get restarted. For real I used that before and might be a lightweight solution, but I liked the systemd unit file solution a lot more.

Persistent Data Thanks to the Docker mount option you can find all your data in /srv/docker/ghost/. So your blog will still have content, even if the ghost Docker images is updated:

# ls /srv/docker/ghost/
apps  config.js  data  images  themes  

Accessing the container To kick your ghost into production, it might be useful if you make it available on port 80 at least. This can be done for example by changing your Docker publish configuration or adding a DNAT to your firewall. But I would recommand using a proxy in front of your Docker container. This might be part of one of my next articles.

• you are Debian Developer or a Debian Maintainer;
• you have some prior experience with providing security updates in Debian (at least on your own packages);
• you have good programming skills and know multiple languages (to be able to backport security fixes);
• you can emit invoices to Freexian;
• you accept the rules defined for this project:
• you must respect the privacy of any customer data;
• you must prepare a public monthly report of the work done on paid time;
• you must respect the Debian code of conduct and respond to queries about your work from fellow community members;
• you must do your best to meet the high-quality standards set by the Debian security team.

One comment Liked this article? Click here. My blog is Flattr-enabled.

Willy Brandt went down on his knees in the Warsaw ghetto, after a functioning democracy had been established in the Federal Republic of Germany, not before. But Japan, shielded from the evil world, has grown into an Oskar Matzerath: opportunistic, stunted, and haunted by demons, which it tries to ignore by burying them in the sand, like Oskar s drum.
Ian Buruma, Wages of Guilt, Clearing Up the Ruins

This difference between (West) German and Japanese textbooks is not just a matter of detail; it shows a gap in perception.
Ian Buruma, Wages of Guilt, Romance of the Ruins

• War Against the West
  This chapter sets the stage in two parts, Bonn and Tokyo, by comparing the reaction in these countries to the Iraq war. The German Betroffenheit (To be betroffen implies a sense of guilt, a sense of shame, or even embarrassment.) as the core of German post-war politics, literature, and media is introduced. On the Japanese side the difficult and diverse situation and attitudes towards the Iraq (and other) wars, as well as the necessary bits of post-war history and development of the Japanese constitution.

  What is so convenient in the cases of Germany and Japan is that pacifism happens to be a high-minded way to dull the pain of historical guilt. Or, conversely, if one wallows in it, pacifism turns national guilt into a virtue, almost a mark of superiority, when compared to the complacency of other nations.

• Romance of the Ruins
  This chapter focuses on the war and immediate post-war period with references to the specific literature and movies emerging out of the circumstances of destroyed countries who have lost the war.

  Hitler s doom and the emperor s speech, the end of one symbol and the odd continuity of another. Whatever their symbolic differences, both would be associated forever with ruins ruined cities, ruined people, ruined ideals.

• Auschwitz
  The psychological construction of war memorials in both Germanies, which focuses on the religious aspects, is discussed, followed by an excursion through post-war German literature and the long-term ignorance of anything related to the Holocaust.

  Here the past had fossilized into something monumental or, as Adorno would have put it, museal.

• Hiroshima Paralleling the previous chapter, Hiroshima introduces the simplistic and reduced focus of the Hiroshima memorials, mostly ignoring the foreign victims, many of them being Koreans forced to work in Japan, and concentrating on the Japanese martyrdom. Focusing on the atomic bomb event everything else is removed from the field of view.

  The problem with this quasi-religious view of history is that it makes it hard to discuss past events in anything but nonsecular terms. Visions of absolute evil are unique, and they are beyond human explanation or even comprehension. To explain is hubristic and amoral. If this is true of Auschwitz, it is even more true of Hiroshima. The irony is that while there can be no justification for Auschwitz unless one believes in Hitler s murderous ideology, the case for Hiroshima is at least open to debate. The A-bomb might have saved lives; it might have shortened the war. But such arguments are incompatible with the Hiroshima spirit.

• Nanking
  The history and aftermath, as well as the attempts of rejection and refutation of the Nanking massacre are described. The Tokyo Trials and their critique by governmental scholars are touched, as well as bit of fresh air blowing through the Japanese society after the death of Hirohito, which lead to the publication of the records of Nanking by Azuma Shiro .

  Yet the question remains whether the raping and killing of thousands of women, and the massacre of thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands, of other unarmed people, in the course of six weeks, can still be called extreme conduct in the heat of battle. The question is pertinent, particularly when such extreme violence is justified by an ideology which teaches the aggressors that killing an inferior race is in accordance with the will of their divine emperor.

• History on Trial
  One of the central chapters in my opinion. It discusses and compares the two post-war trials: The Nurnberg trials in Germany and the Tokyo trials in Japan. In both cases the juridical value is questioned, focusing on the winner-looser situation of post-war times.

  The Nuremberg trials were to be a history lesson, then, as well as a symbolic punishment of the German people a moral history lesson cloaked in all the ceremonial trappings of due legal process. They were the closest that man, or at least the men belonging to the victorious powers, could come to dispensing divine justice.

  Also, the differences in war trials in East and West Germany is compared. The East Germany Waldheimer trials, as well as the thorough purge of Nazis from East German jurisdiction and politics, which was in stark contrast to both West German s very restricted trials, as well as Japan s absolute non-purge of criminals.

  As long as the emperor lived, Japanese would have trouble being honest about the past. For he had been formally responsible for everything, and by holding him responsible for nothing, everybody was absolved, except, of course, for a number of military and civilian scapegoats, Officers and Outlaws, who fell victim to victors justice.

• Textbook Resistance This chapter compares the representation of war and post-war times in the textbooks in West and East Germany and Japan. The interesting case of Ienaga Saburo and the year-long trials (1965-1993) around his history textbook are recounted. The ministry of education had forced a redaction of his history textbook to conform with the revisionist view onto history, deleting most passages that are critical of the Japanese position during the first half of the 20th century. This was one of the very few cases in Japanese post-war history where someone stood up against this revisionist view.

  The judges and some of the counsel for the ministry sat back with their eyes closed, in deep concentration, or fast asleep. Perhaps they were bored, because they had heard it all before. Perhaps they thought it was a pointless exercise, since they knew already how the case would end. But it was not a pointless exercise. For Ienaga Saburo had kept alive a vital debate for twenty-seven years. One cussed schoolteacher and several hundred supporters at the courthouse might not seem much, but it was enough to show that, this time, someone was fighting back.

• Memorials, Museums, and Monuments
  This chapter returns to war memorials: The change of meaning from post WW-1, which were memorials, to post WW-2 ones which became warning monuments, indicating the shift of attention and evaluation of war history in Germany. In contrast to this, Japan s quasi non-existence of war museums till the late 90ies, as well as the existence of the Yasukuni shrine honoring and celebrating besides other several A-class war criminals as deities.

  The tragedy is not just that the suicide pilots died young. Soldiers (and civilians) do that in wars everywhere. What is so awful about the memory of their deaths is the cloying sentimentality that was meant to justify their self-immolation. There is no reason to suppose they didn t believe in the patriotic gush about cherry blossoms and sacrifice, no matter how conventional it was at the time. Which was exactly the point: they were made to rejoice in their own death. It was the exploitation of their youthful idealism that made it such a wicked enterprise. And this point is still completely missed at the Peace Museum today.

• A Normal Country This chapter discusses the slow normalization of post-war situation after the 90ies, and all the hurdles that needed to be overcome: In the case of Germany the speech of Philipp Jenninger, then president of the Bundestag, is recounted. 50 years after the Kristallnacht he tried to give a speech of historicization , only to be find himself shunned and expelled due to the lack of Betroffenheit.

  It was not an ignoble enterprise, but he should have recognized that Historisierung, even forty-three years after the war, was still a highly risky business. For a normal society, a society not haunted by ghosts, cannot be achieved by normalizing history, or by waving cross and garlic. More the other way around: when society has become sufficiently open and free to look back, from the point of view neither of the victim nor of the criminal, but of the critic, only then will the ghosts be laid to rest.

  On the Japanese side the case of Motoshima Hitoshi , who dared to question Hirohito:

  Forty-three years have passed since the end of the war, and I think we have had enough chance to reflect on the nature of that war. From reading various accounts from abroad and having been a soldier myself, involved in military education, I do believe that the emperor bore responsibility for the war.

  which led to hitherto unseen of demonstration of extreme-right-wing groups issuing death treats that lead to a failed assassination of Motoshima, all under the completely complacent Japanese police and politics letting the right-wingers play their game.

  By breaking a Japanese taboo, Motoshima struck a blow for a more open, more normal political society, and very nearly lost his life. Jenninger, I like to think, wanted to strike a blow for the same, but failed, and lost his job. Perhaps he wasn t up to the task. Or perhaps even West Germany was not yet normal enough to hear his message.

• Two Normal Towns This chapter focuses on two rare cases of civil courage and political commitment: Anja Rosmus, who stepped forth as school child to rewrite the history of Passau. She unveiled the truth about deep involvement into the NS crimes of many inhabitants of Passau, a fact that was up to then covered up and purged from knowledge. She, too, received many death threads, including nailing a killed cat onto her door. The response of the head of the tourist office in Passau, Gottfried Dominik, speaks about the very peculiar attitude:

  I asked him again about the local camp and the small hidden memorial. Dominik showed signs of distress. It was difficult, he admitted, very difficult. I know what you mean. But let me give you my personal opinion. When you have a crippled arm, you don t really want to show it around. It was a low point in our history, back then. But it was only twelve years in thousands of years of history. And so people tend to hide it, just as a person with a crippled arm is not likely to wear a short-sleeved shirt.

  A similar incident is recounted on the Japanese side, the Hanaoka incident (detailed article) and its unveiling by Nozoe Kenji, where 800 Chinese slave workers, after escaping from a forced-work camp for the Kajima Corporation, where rabbit-hunted down and slaughtered. He, too, got death threats, and was virtually expelled from his home area because he dared to publish his findings.

  I think it is this basic distrust, this refusal to be told what to think by authorities, this cussed insistence on asking questions, on hearing the truth, that binds together Nozoe, Rosmus, and others like them. There are not many such people in Japan, or anywhere else for that matter. And I suspect they are not much liked wherever they live.

• Clearing Up the Ruins The last chapter tries to round up all the previous chapters, and look into the most recent history and near future. While not completely pessimistic with respect to Japan, the final chapter leaves clear statements on the current state of Japanese society and politics:

  The state was run by virtually the same bureaucracy that ran the Japanese empire, and the electoral system was rigged to help the same corrupt conservative party to stay in power for almost forty years. This arrangement suited the United States, as well as Japanese bureaucrats, LDP politicians, and the large industrial combines, for it ensured that Japan remained a rich and stable ally against Communism. But it also helped to stifle public debate and stopped the Japanese from growing up politically.

  His description of current Japanese society, written in 1995, is still hauntingly true in 2016:

  There is something intensely irritating about the infantilism of postwar Japanese culture: the ubiquitous chirping voices of women pretending to be girls; the Disneylandish architecture of Japanese main streets, where everything is reduced to a sugary cuteness; the screeching television talents rolling about and carrying on like kindergarten clowns; the armies of blue-suited salarymen straphanging on the subway trains, reading boys comics, the maudlin love for old school songs and cuddly mama-sans.

The Nanking Massacre, for leftists and many liberals too, is the main symbol of Japanese militarism, supported by the imperial (and imperialist) cult. Which is why it is a keystone of postwar pacifism. Article Nine of the constitution is necessary to avoid another Nanking Massacre. The nationalist right takes the opposite view. To restore the true identity of Japan, the emperor must be reinstated as a religious head of state, and Article Nine must be revised to make Japan a legitimate military power again. For this reason, the Nanking Massacre, or any other example of extreme Japanese aggression, has to be ignored, softened, or denied.
Ian Buruma, Wages of Guilt, Nanking

[ ] mainstream conservatives made a deliberate attempt to distract people s attention from war and politics by concentrating on economic growth.

The curious thing was that much of what attracted Japanese to Germany before the war Prussian authoritarianism, romantic nationalism, pseudo-scientific racialism had lingered in Japan while becoming distinctly unfashionable in Germany.

The point of all this is that Ikeda s promise of riches was the final stage of what came to be known as the reverse course, the turn away from a leftist, pacifist, neutral Japan a Japan that would never again be involved in any wars, that would resist any form of imperialism, that had, in short, turned its back for good on its bloody past. The Double Your Incomes policy was a deliberate ploy to draw public attention away from constitutional issues.

The citizens of Hiroshima were indeed victims, primarily of their own military rulers. But when a local group of peace activists petitioned the city of Hiroshima in 1987 to incorporate the history of Japanese aggression into the Peace Memorial Museum, the request was turned down. The petition for an Aggressors Corner was prompted by junior high school students from Osaka, who had embarrassed Peace Museum officials by asking for an explanation about Japanese responsibility for the war.

The history of the war, or indeed any history, is indeed not what the Hiroshima spirit is about. This is why Auschwitz is the only comparison that is officially condoned. Anything else is too controversial, too much part of the flow of history .

Unlike in Europe or China, writes Tanaka, you won t find one instance of planned, systematic murder in the entire history of Japan. This is because the Japanese have a different sense of values from the Chinese or the Westerners.

In 1950, Becker wrote that few things have done more to hinder true historical self-knowledge in Germany than the war crimes trials. He stuck to this belief. Becker must be taken seriously, for he is not a right-wing apologist for the Nazi past, but an eminent liberal.

There never were any Japanese war crimes trials, nor is there a Japanese Ludwigsburg. This is partly because there was no exact equivalent of the Holocaust. Even though the behavior of Japanese troops was often barbarous, and the psychological consequences of State Shinto and emperor worship were frequently as hysterical as Nazism, Japanese atrocities were part of a military campaign, not a planned genocide of a people that included the country s own citizens. And besides, those aspects of the war that were most revolting and furthest removed from actual combat, such as the medical experiments on human guinea pigs (known as logs ) carried out by Unit 731 in Manchuria, were passed over during the Tokyo trial. The knowledge compiled by the doctors of Unit 731 of freezing experiments, injection of deadly diseases, vivisections, among other things was considered so valuable by the Americans in 1945 that the doctors responsible were allowed to go free in exchange for their data.

Some Japanese have suggested that they should have conducted their own war crimes trials. The historian Hata Ikuhiko thought the Japanese leaders should have been tried according to existing Japanese laws, either in military or in civil courts. The Japanese judges, he believed, might well have been more severe than the Allied tribunal in Tokyo. And the consequences would have been healthier. If found guilty, the spirits of the defendants would not have ended up being enshrined at Yasukuni. The Tokyo trial, he said, purified the crimes of the accused and turned them into martyrs. If they had been tried in domestic courts, there is a good chance the real criminals would have been flushed out.

After it was over, the Nippon Times pointed out the flaws of the trial, but added that the Japanese people must ponder over why it is that there has been such a discrepancy between what they thought and what the rest of the world accepted almost as common knowledge. This is at the root of the tragedy which Japan brought upon herself.

Emperor Hirohito was not Hitler; Hitler was no mere Shrine. But the lethal consequences of the emperor-worshipping system of irresponsibilities did emerge during the Tokyo trial. The savagery of Japanese troops was legitimized, if not driven, by an ideology that did not include a Final Solution but was as racialist as Hider s National Socialism. The Japanese were the Asian Herrenvolk, descended from the gods.

Emperor Hirohito, the shadowy figure who changed after the war from navy uniforms to gray suits, was not personally comparable to Hitler, but his psychological role was remarkably similar.

In fact, MacArthur behaved like a traditional Japanese strongman (and was admired for doing so by many Japanese), using the imperial symbol to enhance his own power. As a result, he hurt the chances of a working Japanese democracy and seriously distorted history. For to keep the emperor in place (he could at least have been made to resign), Hirohito s past had to be freed from any blemish; the symbol had to be, so to speak, cleansed from what had been done in its name.

If one disregards, for a moment, the differences in style between Shinto and Christianity, the Yasukuni Shrine, with its relics, its sacred ground, its bronze paeans to noble sacrifice, is not so very different from many European memorials after World War I. By and large, World War II memorials in Europe and the United States (though not the Soviet Union) no longer glorify the sacrifice of the fallen soldier. The sacrificial cult and the romantic elevation of war to a higher spiritual plane no longer seemed appropriate after Auschwitz. The Christian knight, bearing the cross of king and country, was not resurrected. But in Japan, where the war was still truly a war (not a Holocaust), and the symbolism still redolent of religious exultation, such shrines as Yasukuni still carry the torch of nineteenth-century nationalism. Hence the image of the nation owing its restoration to the sacrifice of fallen soldiers.

The mayor received a letter from a Shinto priest in which the priest pointed out that it was un-Japanese to demand any more moral responsibility from the emperor than he had already taken. Had the emperor not demonstrated his deep sorrow every year, on the anniversary of Japan s surrender? Besides, he wrote, it was wrong to have spoken about the emperor in such a manner, even as the entire nation was deeply worried about his health. Then he came to the main point: It is a common error among Christians and people with Western inclinations, including so-called intellectuals, to fail to grasp that Western societies and Japanese society are based on fundamentally different religious concepts . . . Forgetting this premise, they attempt to place a Western structure on a Japanese foundation. I think this kind of mistake explains the demand for the emperor to bear full responsibility.

The bust of the man caught my attention, but not because it was in any way unusual; such busts of prominent local figures can be seen everywhere in Japan. This one, however, was particularly grandiose. Smiling across the yard, with a look of deep satisfaction over his many achievements, was Hatazawa Kyoichi. His various functions and titles were inscribed below his bust. He had been an important provincial bureaucrat, a pillar of the sumo wrestling establishment, a member of various Olympic committees, and the recipient of some of the highest honors in Japan. The song engraved on the smooth stone was composed in praise of his rich life. There was just one small gap in Hatazawa s life story as related on his monument: the years from 1941 to 1945 were missing. Yet he had not been idle then, for he was the man in charge of labor at the Hanaoka mines.

But the question in American minds was understandable: could one trust a nation whose official spokesmen still refused to admit that their country had been responsible for starting a war? In these Japanese evasions there was something of the petulant child, stamping its foot, shouting that it had done nothing wrong, because everybody did it.

Japan seems at times not so much a nation of twelve-year-olds, to repeat General MacArthur s phrase, as a nation of people longing to be twelve-year-olds, or even younger, to be at that golden age when everything was secure and responsibility and conformity were not yet required.

For General MacArthur was right: in 1945, the Japanese people were political children. Until then, they had been forced into a position of complete submission to a state run by authoritarian bureaucrats and military men, and to a religious cult whose high priest was also formally chief of the armed forces and supreme monarch of the empire.

I saw Jew S ss that same year, at a screening for students of the film academy in Berlin. This showing, too, was followed by a discussion. The students, mostly from western Germany, but some from the east, were in their early twenties. They were dressed in the international uniform of jeans, anoraks, and work shirts. The professor was a man in his forties, a 68er named Karsten Witte. He began the discussion by saying that he wanted the students to concentrate on the aesthetics of the film more than the story. To describe the propaganda, he said, would simply be banal: We all know the what, so let s talk about the how. I thought of my fellow students at the film school in Tokyo more than fifteen years before. How many of them knew the what of the Japanese war in Asia.

notmuch search --output=messages tag:inbox AND text/calendar

notmuch search --output=messages tag:inbox AND text/calendar AND not tag:calendar

jq -r '..  select(."content-type"? == "text/calendar")   .content'

#!/bin/bash
SEARCH="tag:inbox AND not tag:calendar AND text/calendar"
TMP= mktemp 
trap "rm -r $TMP" 0 1 15
notmuch search --output=messages $SEARCH   while read message; do
    notmuch show --format=json $message   
        jq -r '..   select(."content-type"? == "text/calendar")   .content' > $TMP
    if [ -s $TMP ]; then
        calypso --import private/calendar $TMP && notmuch tag +calendar $message
    else
        notmuch tag +calendar $message
    fi
done

• Antoine Beaupr did 8h for his first month of work on LTS.
• Ben Hutchings did 20 hours (out of 15 hours allocated + 15 extra hours remaining, meaning that he has 10 extra hours to do over January).
• Chris Lamb did 12 hours.
• Guido G nther did 9 hours (out of 8 hours allocated + 2 remaining, thus keeping 1 extra hour for January).
• Mike Gabriel did nothing (the 8 hours allocated are carried over for January).
• Rapha l Hertzog did 21.25 hours (18h allocated + 3.25h taken over from Mike s unused hours of November).
• Santiago Ruano Rinc n did 15 hours (out of 18.25h allocated + 2 remaining + 3.25 taken over from Mike s unused hours of November, thus keeping 8.50 extra hours for January).
• Scott Kitterman did 8 hours.
• Thorsten Alteholz did 21.25 hours (out of 18.25h allocated + 3 hours taken over from Mike s unused hours of November).

• Platinum sponsors:
• TOSHIBA (for 3 months)
• Gold sponsors:
• The Positive Internet (for 19 months)
• Blablacar (for 18 months)
• Linode LLC (for 8 months)
• Silver sponsors:
• Domeneshop AS (for 18 months)
• Universit Lille 3 (for 18 months)
• Trollweb Solutions (for 16 months)
• University of Luxembourg (for 10 months)
• Rentabiliweb Group (for 8 months)
• Univention GmbH (for 4 months)
• Universit Jean Monnet de St Etienne (for 4 months)
• Bronze sponsors:
• David Ayers IntarS Austria (for 19 months)
• Offensive Security (for 19 months)
• Seznam.cz, a.s. (for 19 months)
• Evolix (for 18 months)
• Freeside Internet Service (for 18 months)
• MyTux (for 18 months)
• Linuxhotel GmbH (for 16 months)
• Intevation GmbH (for 15 months)
• Daevel SARL (for 14 months)
• Bitfolk LTD (for 13 months)
• Megaspace Internet Services GmbH (for 13 months)
• Gree, Inc. (for 12 months)
• Greenbone Networks GmbH (for 12 months)
• NUMLOG (for 12 months)
• WinGo AG (for 11 months)
• Ecole Centrale de Nantes LHEEA (for 7 months)
• Sig-I/O (for 5 months)
• Entr ouvert (for 3 months)

2 comments Liked this article? Click here. My blog is Flattr-enabled.

/debian permanent link Comments: 5 Flattr this

How corporations killed the web I have read with fascination what we would have called before a blog post, except it was featured on The Guardian: Iran's blogfather: Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are killing the web The "blogfather" is Hossein Derakshan or h0d3r, an author from Teheran that was jailed for almost a decade for his blogging. The article is very interesting both because it shows how fast things changed in the last few years, technology-wise, but more importantly, how content-free the web have become, where Facebook's last acquisition, Instagram, is not even censored by Iran. Those platforms have stopped being censored, not because of democratic progress but because they have become totally inoffensive (in the case of Iran) or become a tool of surveillance for the government and targeted advertisement for companies (in the case of, well, most of the world). This struck a chord, personally, at the political level: we are losing control of the internet (if we ever had it). The defeat isn't directly political: we have some institutions like ICANN and the IETF that we can still have an effect on, even if only at the technological level. The defeat is economic, and, of course, through economy comes enormous power. That defeat meant that we have first lost free and open access to the internet (yes, dialup used to be free) and then free hosting of our content (no, Google and Facebook are not free, you are the product). This marked a major change in the way content is treated online. H0d3r explains this as the shift from a link-based internet to a stream-based internet, a "deparure from a books-internet towards a television-internet". I have been warning about this "television-internet" in my talks and conversation for a while and with Netflix taking the crown off Youtube (and making you pay for it, of course), we can assuredly say that H0d3r is right and the television, far from disappearing, is finally being resurrected and taking over the internet.

The Downloadable internet and open standards But I would like to add to that: it is not merely that we had "links" before. We had, and still have, open standards. This made the internet "downloadable" (and by extension, uploadable) and decentralized. (In fact, I still remember my earlier days on the web when I would actually download images (as in "right-click" and "Save as..." images, not just have the browser download and display it on the fly). I would download images because they were big! It could take a minute or sometimes more to download images on older modems. Later, I would do the same with music: I would download WAV files before the rise of the MP3 format, of which I ended up building a significant collection (just fair use copies from friends and owned CDs, of course) and eventually video files.) The downloadable internet is what still allows me to type this article in a text editor, without internet access, while reading H0d3r's blog post on my e-reader, because I downloaded his article off an RSS feed. It is what makes it possible for anyone to download a full copy of this blog post and connected web pages as a git repository and this way get the full history of modifications on all the pages, but also be able to edit it offline and push modifications back in. Wikipedia is downloadable (there are even offline apps for your phone). Open standards like RSS feeds and HTML are downloadable. Heck, even the Internet Archive is downloadable (and I mean, all of it, not just the parts you want), surprisingly enough.

The app-based internet and proprietary software App-based websites like Google Plus and Facebook are not really downloadable. They are meant to be browsed through an app, so what you actually see through your web browser is really more an application, downloaded software than a downloaded piece of content. If you turn off Javascript, you will see that visiting Facebook actually shows no content: everything is downloaded on the fly by an application itself downloaded, on the fly, by your browser. In a way, your browser has become an operating system that runs proprietary, untrusted and unverified applications from the web. (The software is generally completely proprietary, except some frameworks that are published as free software in what looks like the lenient act of a godly king, but is actually more an economic decision of a clever corporation which outsources, for free, R&D and testing to the larger free software community. The real "secret sauce" is basically always proprietary, if only so that we don't freak out on stuff like PRISM that reports everything we do to the government.) Technology is political. This new "app design" is not a simple optimization or an cosmetic accident of a fancy engineer: by moving content through an application, Facebook, Twitter and the like can see exactly what you do on a web page, what you actually read (as opposed to what you click on) and how long. By adding a proprietary interface between you and the content online, the advertisement-surveillance complex can track every move you make online. This is a very fine-tuned surveillance system, and because of the App, you cannot escape it. You cannot share the content outside of Facebook, as you can't download it. Or at least, it's not obvious how you can. Projects like youtube-dl are doing an amazing job reverse-engineering what is becoming the proprietary Youtube streaming protocol, which is constantly changing and is not really documented. But it's a hack: it's a Sisyphus struggle which is bound to fail, and it does, all the time, until we figure out how to either turn those corporations into good netizens respecting and contributing to open standards (unlikely) or destroy those corporations (most likely). You are trapped in their walled garden. No wonder internet.org is Facebook only: for most people nowadays, the internet is the web, and the web is Facebook, Twitter and Google, or an iPad with a bunch of apps, each their own cute little walled garden, crafted just for you. If you think you like the Internet, you should really reconsider what you are watching, what you are consuming, or rather, how it is consuming you. There are alternatives. Facebook is a though nut to crack for free software activists because we lack the critical mass. But Facebook it is also an addiction for a lot of people, and spending less time on that spying machine could be a great improvement for you I am sure. For everything else, we have good free software alternatives and open standards, use them. "Big brother ain't watching you, you're watching him." - CRASS, Nineteen Eighty Bore (audio)

• The original format of the TeX Live packaging information (tpm) were xml files that were parsed with an XML parser (libxml). I guess (from what I have seen over the years) I was the only one ever properly parsing these .tpm files for packaging.
• TeX Live packages were often reshuffled, and Debian package name changed, which would have caused a certain level of pain for the creation of original tar files and packaging.
• Flexibility in creating additional packages and arbitrary dependencies

• Build Dalvik and the framework on a GNU system in order to run Android programs on GNU systems.
• Or build a single framework library that would be useful for your Java project.
• Build only cutils, because you want to use that on your project.
• Build the HAL and be able to use Android drivers on your system.
• Build only RIL and use the modem drivers with ofono.

If you haven t been to Managua, you might not be able to immediatly appreciate the usefulness of this. Up until now, there has been no map nor timetable for the bus system, which as you can see now easily and from far away, is actually quite big and is used by 80% of the population in a city, where the streets still have no names.

The Concept To quote Wikipedia, Named-entity recognition (I ve always known it as tagging) is a subtask of information extraction that seeks to locate and classify elements in text into predefined categories such as the names of persons, organizations, locations, expressions of times, quanitites, monetary values, percentages, etc. For example, the algorithm receives as input some text Bill Gates founded Microsoft in 1975. and outputs Bill Gates[person] founded Microsoft[organization] in 1975[date]. Off the top of my head, some useful applications are document matching (ex. a document containing Gates[person] may not be on the same topic as one containing gates[object]) and query searches. I m sure there are lots more, if you check out Collin s Coursera course he may discuss this in greater depth.

The Requirements Development data: The file ner_dev.dat provided by prof. Michael Collins has a series of sentences separated by an empty line, one word per line. Training data: The file ner_train.dat provided by prof. Michael Collins has a series of sentences separated by an empty line, one word and tag per line, speparated by a space. Word-tag count data: The file ner.counts has the format [count] [type of tag] [label] [word]. The tags used are RARE, O, I-MISC, I-PER, I-ORG, I-LOC, B-MISC, B-PER, B-ORG, B-LOC. The tag O means it s not an NE. This file is generated by count_freqs.py, a script provided by prof. Michael Collins. Run count_freqs.py on the training data ner_train.dat

The Algorithm Python code: viterbi.py Usage: python viterbi.py ner.counts ngram.counts [input_file] > [output_file] Summary: The Viterbi algorithm finds the maximum probability path for a series of observations, based on emission and transition probabilities. In a Markov Process, emission is the probability of an output given a state and transition is the probability of transitioning to the state given the previous states. In our case, the emission parameter e(x y) = the probability of the word being x given you attributed tag y. If your training data had 100 counts of person tags, one of which is the word London (I know a guy who named his kid London), e( London person ) = 0.01. Now with 50 counts of location tags, 5 of which are London , e( London location ) = 0.1 which clearly trumps 0.01. The transition parameter q(y_i y_i-1, y_i-2) = the probability of putting tag y in position i given it s two previous tags. This is calculated by Count(trigram)/Count(bigram). For each word in the development data, he Viterbi algorithm will associate a score for a word-tag combo based on the emission and transition parameters it obtained from the training data. It does this for every possible tag and sees which is more likely. Clearly this won t be 100% correct as natural language is unpredictable, but you should get pretty high accuracy. Optional Preprocessing Re-label words in training data with frequency < 5 as RARE - This isn t required, but useful. Re-run count_freqs.py if used. Python code: label_rare.py Usage: python label_rare.py [input_file] Pseudocode:

1. Uses Python Counter to obtain word counts in [input_file]; removes all word-count pairs with count < 5, store remaining pairs in a dictionary named rare_words.
2. Iterates through each line in [input file], checks if word is in rare words dictionary, if so, replaces word with RARE.

Step 1. Get Count(y) and Count(x~y) Python code: emission_counts.py Pseudocode:

1. Iterate through each line in ner.counts file and store each word-label-count combo in a dictionary count_xy and update the dictionary of count_y. For example count_xy[Peter][I-PER] returns the number of times the word Peter was labeled I-PER in the training data and count_y[I-PER] the total number of I-PER tags. The dictionary count_y contains 8 items, one for each label ( RARE , O, I-MISC, I-PER, I-ORG, I-LOC, B-MISC, B-PER, B-ORG, B-LOC);
2. Return count_xy, count_y

Step 2. Get bigram and trigram counts Python code: transition_counts.py Pseudocode:

1. Iterate through each line in the n-gram_counts file
2. If the line contains 2-GRAM add an item to the bigram_counts dictionary using the bigram (two space-separated labels following the tag type 2-gram ) as key, count as value. This dictionary will contain Count(y_i-2,y_i-1).
3. If the line contains 3-GRAM , add an item to the trigram_counts dictionary using the trigram as key, count as value. This dictionary will contain Count(y_i-2, y_i-1, y_i).
4. Return dictionaries of bigram and trigram counts.

Step 3. Viterbi (For each line in the [input_file]):

1. If the word was seen in training data (present in the count_xy dictionary), for each of the possible labels for the word:
2. Calculate emission = count_xy[word][label] / float(count_y[label]
3. Calculate transition = trigram_counts[trigram])/float(bigram_counts[bigram] Note: y_i-2 = *, y_i-1 = * for the first round
4. Set probability = emission x transition
5. Update max(probability) and arg max if needed. 2 If the word was not seen in the training data:
6. Calculate emission = count xy[RARE][label] / float(count y[label].

7. Calculate q(yi

   yi-1, yi-2) = trigram counts[trigram])/float(bigram counts[bigram]. Note: yi-2 = , yi-1 = for the first round

8. Set probability = emission transition
9. Update max(probability) if needed, arg max = RARE
10. Write arg max and log(max(probability)) to output file.
11. Update y_i-2, y_i-1.
12. Update y_i-2, y_i-1.

Evaluation Prof. Michael Collins provided an evaluation script eval_ne_tagger.py to verify the output of your Viterbi implementation. Usage: python eval_ne_tagger.py ner_dev.key [output_file]

List all posts by Authors, nested Categories and Titles is a WordPress Plugin I wrote to fix a menu issue I had during a complex website development. It has been included in the official WordPress Plugin repository. The Plugin is particularly suitable to all multi-nested categories and multi-authors websites handling a large number of posts and complex nested category layout (i.e.: academic papers, newpapers articles, etc). This plugin allows the user to place a shortcode into any page and get rid of a long and nested menu/submenu to show all site s posts. A selector in the page will allow the reader to select grouping by Category/Author/Title. You can also manage to install a tab plugin (i.e.: Tabby Responsive Tabs) and arrange each group on its specific tab. Output grouped by Category will look like:

CAT1
    post1                       AUTHOR
    SUBCAT1
        post2                   AUTHOR
        post3                   AUTHOR
        SUBCAT2
            post4               AUTHOR
            ...
            ...

AUTHOR1
  post1               [CATEGORY]
  post2               [CATEGORY]
AUTHOR2
  post1               [CATEGORY]
  post2               [CATEGORY]
.....