This is based on joint work with Gregor Aisch and Josh Keller of the New York Times.
A new package gunsales is now on the CRAN network for R. It is based the NYTimes/gunsales repository underlying the excellent New York Times visualizations, first published first in December 2015 and updated with more recent data since.
The analysis takes public government data on gun sales from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). The original data is scraped from the pdf, included in the package, and analysed in a cross-section and time-series manner. The standard US Census tool X-13ARIMA-SEATS is used to deseasonalize the timeseries at the national or state level. (Note that Buzzfeed also published data and (Python) code in another GitHub repo.)
As an aside, it was the use of X-13ARIMA-SEATS here -- and its somewhat awkward and manual installation also seen in the initial versions of the code in the NYTimes/gunsales repo -- which lead to the recent work by Christoph Sax and myself. We now provide a new package x13binary on CRAN so that Christoph's excellent seasonal package can simply depend upon it and have a working binary provided and installed ready to use; see the recent blog post for more. The net result is that a package like this new gunsales project can simply depend upon seasonal and also be assurred that x13binary "just works". As Martha would say, "A Good Thing".
Back to the gunsales project. Following the initial publication of the repository with the data and R code in a simple script, I felt compelled to reorganize it as a package. Packages for R, as we teach our students, colleagues, or anybody else who wants to listen are really the best way to bundle code, data, documentation (i.e. vignettes) and tests. All that exists now in the gunsales package.
The package now has one main function, analysis(), which returns a single dataframe object. This dataframe object can then be fed to two plotting functions. The first, plot_gunsales(), will then recreate all the (base R) plots from the original code base. The second, ggplot_gunsales(), does the same but via ggplot2.
This should give anybody the ability to look at the data, study the transformations done, form and maybe test new hypotheses and visualize in manner comparable to the original publication.
As an amuse gueule, here are the key plots also shown in the main README.md at GitHub:
We look forward to more remixes and analysis of this data. The plan of the GitHub repository is to keep the data set updated as new data points are published.
This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.
What happened in the reproducible
builds effort between January 24th
and January 30th:
d-devlibdeps stable accross locales. Original patch by Reiner Herrmann.
giotypefuncs.c is generated.readelf --decompress.
pkg(8) now supports SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.
Ross Karchner did a lightning talk about reproducible builds at his work place and shared the slides.
#ooni IRC channel. Tor also works fine, and could be a great way
to avoid the global surveillance system described later in this
article.
Nevertheless, it still remains to be seen how the internet is censored
in the "real" Cuban internet, outside of the tourist designated
areas - hopefully future visitors or locals can expand on this using
the tools mentioned above, using the regular internet.
Usual care should be taken when using any workaround tools, mentioned
in this post or not, as different regimes over the world have accused,
detained, tortured and killed sometimes for the mere fact of using or
distributing circumvention tools. For example, a Russian developer
was arrested and detained in 2001 by United States' FBI for
exposing vulnerabilities in the Adobe e-books copy protection
mechanisms. Similarly, people distributing Tor and other tools have
been arrested during the period prior to the revolution in Tunisia.
--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
163 packets transmitted, 31 received, 80% packet loss, time 162391ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 133.700/2669.535/64188.027/11257.336 ms, pipe 65
Still, it allowed me to login to my home server through SSH using
Mosh to workaround the reliability issues.
Every once in a while, mosh would get stuck and keep on trying to send
packets to probe the server, which would clog the connection even
more. So I regularly had to restart the whole stack using these
commands:
killall iodine # stop DNS tunnel
nmcli n off # turn off wifi to change MAC address
macchanger -A wlan0 # change MAC address
nmcli n on # turn wifi back on
sleep 3 # wait for wifi to settle
iodine-client-start # restart DNS tunnel
The Koumbit Wiki has good instructions on
how to setup a DNS tunnel. I am wondering if such a public service
could be of use for Cubans, although I am not sure how it could be
deployed only for Cubans, and what kind of traffic it could
support... The fact is that iodine does require a server to
operate, and that server must be run on the outside of the censored
perimeter, something that Cubans may not be able to afford in the
first place.
Another possible way to save money with the captive portal would be to
write something that automates connecting and disconnecting from the
portal. You would feed that program a list of credentials and it would
connect to the portal only on demand, and disconnect as soon as no
traffic goes through. There are details on the implementation of the
captive portal below that may help future endeavours in that field.
Wifi_Memories_Jibacoa which, for anyone that cares to research, will
give them a location of about 20 square meters where I was located
when connected (there is only one access point in the whole hotel).
Finally, the central portal also knows my MAC address,
a unique identifier for the computer I am using which also reveals
which brand of computer I am using (Mac, Lenovo, etc). While this
address can be changed, very few people know that, let alone how.
This led me to question whether I would be allowed back in Cuba (or
even allowed out!) after publishing this blog post, as it is obvious
that I can be easily identified based on the time this article was
published, my name and other details. Hopefully the Cuban government
will either not notice or not care, but this can be a tricky
situation, obviously. I have heard that Cuban prisons are not the best
hangout place in Cuba, to say the least...
[1034]anarcat@angela:cuba$ speedtest
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
Retrieving speedtest.net server list...
Testing from Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba (152.206.92.146)...
Selecting best server based on latency...
Hosted by LIME (George Town) [391.78 km]: 317.546 ms
Testing download speed........................................
Download: 1.01 Mbits/s
Testing upload speed..................................................
Upload: 1.00 Mbits/s
Latency to the rest of the world is of couse slow:
--- koumbit.org ping statistics ---
122 packets transmitted, 120 received, 1,64% packet loss, time 18731,6ms
rtt min/avg/max/sdev = 127,457/156,097/725,211/94,688 ms
--- google.com ping statistics ---
122 packets transmitted, 121 received, 0,82% packet loss, time 19371,4ms
rtt min/avg/max/sdev = 132,517/160,095/724,971/93,273 ms
--- redcta.org.ar ping statistics ---
122 packets transmitted, 120 received, 1,64% packet loss, time 40748,6ms
rtt min/avg/max/sdev = 303,035/339,572/965,092/97,503 ms
--- ccc.de ping statistics ---
122 packets transmitted, 72 received, 40,98% packet loss, time 19560,2ms
rtt min/avg/max/sdev = 244,266/271,670/594,104/61,933 ms
Interestingly, Koumbit is actually the closest host in the above
test. It could be that Canadian hosts are less affected by bandwidth
problems compared to US hosts because of the embargo.
traceroute to koumbit.net (199.58.80.33), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 10.156.41.1 (10.156.41.1) 9.724 ms 9.472 ms 9.405 ms
2 192.168.134.137 (192.168.134.137) 16.089 ms 15.612 ms 15.509 ms
3 172.31.252.113 (172.31.252.113) 15.350 ms 15.805 ms 15.358 ms
4 pos6-0-0-agu-cr-1.mpls.enet.cu (172.31.253.197) 15.286 ms 14.832 ms 14.405 ms
5 172.31.252.29 (172.31.252.29) 13.734 ms 13.685 ms 14.485 ms
6 200.0.16.130 (200.0.16.130) 14.428 ms 11.393 ms 10.977 ms
7 200.0.16.74 (200.0.16.74) 10.738 ms 10.019 ms 10.326 ms
8 ix-11-3-1-0.tcore1.TNK-Toronto.as6453.net (64.86.33.45) 108.577 ms 108.449 ms
Let's take this apart line by line:
1 10.156.41.1 (10.156.41.1) 9.724 ms 9.472 ms 9.405 ms
This is my local gateway, probably the hotel's wifi router.
2 192.168.134.137 (192.168.134.137) 16.089 ms 15.612 ms 15.509 ms
This is likely not very far from the local gateway, probably still in
Cuba. It in one bit away from the captive portal IP address (see
below) so it is very likely related to the captive portal implementation.
3 172.31.252.113 (172.31.252.113) 15.350 ms 15.805 ms 15.358 ms
4 pos6-0-0-agu-cr-1.mpls.enet.cu (172.31.253.197) 15.286 ms 14.832 ms 14.405 ms
5 172.31.252.29 (172.31.252.29) 13.734 ms 13.685 ms 14.485 ms
All those are withing RFC 1918 space. Interestingly, the Cuban
DNS servers resolve one of those private IPs as within Cuban
space, on line #4. That line is interesting because it reveals the
potential use of MPLS.
6 200.0.16.130 (200.0.16.130) 14.428 ms 11.393 ms 10.977 ms
7 200.0.16.74 (200.0.16.74) 10.738 ms 10.019 ms 10.326 ms
Those two lines are the only ones that actually reveal that the route
belongs in Cuba at all. Both IPs are in a tiny (/24, or 256 IP
addresses) network allocated to ETECSA, the state telco
in Cuba:
inetnum: 200.0.16/24
status: allocated
aut-num: N/A
owner: EMPRESA DE TELECOMUNICACIONES DE CUBA S.A. (IXP CUBA)
ownerid: CU-CUBA-LACNIC
responsible: Rafael L pez Guerra
address: Ave. Independencia y 19 Mayo, s/n,
address: 10600 - La Habana - CH
country: CU
phone: +53 7 574242 []
owner-c: JOQ
tech-c: JOQ
abuse-c: JEM52
inetrev: 200.0.16/24
nserver: NS1.NAP.ETECSA.NET
nsstat: 20160123 AA
nslastaa: 20160123
nserver: NS2.NAP.ETECSA.NET
nsstat: 20160123 AA
nslastaa: 20160123
created: 20030512
changed: 20140610
Then the last hop:
8 ix-11-3-1-0.tcore1.TNK-Toronto.as6453.net (64.86.33.45) 108.577 ms 108.449 ms 108.257 ms
...interestingly, lands directly in Toronto, in this case going later
to Koumbit but that is the first hop that varies according to the
destination, hops 1-7 being a common trunk to all external
communications. It's also interesting that this shoves a good 90
milliseconds extra in latency, showing that a significant distance and
number of equipment crossed. Yet a single hop is crossed, not showing
the intermediate step of the Venezuelan link or any other links for
that matter. Something obscure is going on there...
Also interesting to note is the traceroute to the redirection host,
which is only one hop away:
traceroute to 192.168.134.138 (192.168.134.138), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.134.138 (192.168.134.138) 6.027 ms 5.698 ms 5.596 ms
Even though it is not the gateway:
$ ip route
default via 10.156.41.1 dev wlan0 proto static metric 1024
10.156.41.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 10.156.41.4
169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan0 scope link metric 1000
This means a very close coordination between the different access
points and the captive portal system. Finally, note that there seems
to be only three peers to the Cuban internet:
Teleglobe, formerly Canadian, now owned by the Indian
[[!wiki Tata group]], and Telef nica, the Spanish Telco
that colonized most of Latin America's internet, all the way down to
Argentina. This is confirmed by my traceroutes, which show traffic to
Koumbit going through Tata and Google's going through Telef nica.
190.6.81.230 in the hotel.
Accessing http://1.1.1.1/ gives you a status page which allows you
to disconnect from the portal. It actually redirects you to
https://192.168.134.138/logout.user. That is also a
self-signed, but different certificate. That
certificate actually reveals the implication of Gemtek which is a
"world-leading provider of Wireless Broadband solutions, offering a
wide range of solutions from residential to business". It is somewhat
unclear if the implication of Gemtek here is deliberate or a
misconfiguration on the part of Cuban officials, especially since the
certificate is self-signed and was issued in 2002. It could be,
however, a trace of the supposed involvement of China in the
development of Cuba's networking systems, although Gemtek is based in
Taiwan, and not in the China mainland.
That IP, in turn, redirects you to the same portal but in a page that
shows you the statistics:
https://www.portal-wifi-temas.nauta.cu/?mac=0024D1717D18&script=logout.user&remain_time=00%3A55%3A52&session_time=00%3A04%3A08&username=151003576287&clientip=10.156.41.21&nasid=Wifi_Memories_Jibacoa&r=ac%2Fpopup
Notice how you see the MAC address of the machine in the URL
(randomized, this is not my MAC address), along
with the remaining time, session time, client IP and the Wifi access
point ESSID. There may be some potential in defrauding the session
time there, I haven't tested it directly.
Hitting Actualizar redirects you back to the IP address, which
redirects you to the right URL on the portal. The "real" logout is at:
http://192.168.134.138/logout.user?cmd=logout
The login is performed against
https://www.portal-wifi-temas.nauta.cu/index.php?r=ac/login with a
referer of:
https://www.portal-wifi-temas.nauta.cu/?&nasid=Wifi_Memories_Jibacoa&nasip=192.168.134.138&clientip=10.156.41.21&mac=EC:55:F9:C5:F2:55&ourl=http%3a%2f%2fgoogle.ca%2f&sslport=443&lang=en-US%2cen%3bq%3d0.8&lanip=10.156.41.1
Again, notice the information revealed to the central portal.
www.portal-wifi-temas.nauta.cu, 190.6.81.230)192.168.134.138)10.156.41.1)2.4.21 and 2.4.31. Now, to
find out which version of Linux it is running is way more challenging,
and it is possible it is just some custom Linux distribution. Indeed,
the webserver shows up as G4200.GSI.2.22.0155 and the SSH server is
running OpenSSH 3.0.2p1, which is basically prehistoric (2002!)
which corroborates the idea that this is some Gemtek embedded device.
The fact that those devices are running 14 years old software should
be a concern to the people responsible for those networks. There is,
for example, a remote root vulnerability that affects that
specific version of OpenSSH, among
many other vulnerabilities.
15100, the
following digits being 3576 or 4595, presumably depending on the
"batch" that was sent to different hotels, which seems to be batches
of 1000 cards. You can also correlate the UID with the date at which
the card was issued. For example, 15100357XXX cards are all valid
until 19/03/2017, and 151004595XXX cards are all valid until
23/03/2017. Here's the list of UIDs I have seen:
151004595313
151004595974
151003576287
151003576105
151003576097
The passwords, on the other hand, do seem fairly random (although my
sample size is small). Interestingly, those passwords are also 12
digits long, which is about as strong as a seven-letter password
(mixed uppercase and lowercase). If there are no rate-limiting
provisions on that captive portal, it could be possible to guess
those passwords, since you have free rein on accessing those
routers. Depending on the performance of the routers, you could be
lucky and find a working password for free...
Over a hundred years ago, Russian leaders proposed a treaty agreeing never to drop bombs from balloons and the US and UK happily signed it. Sadly, the treaty wasn't updated after the invention of fighter jets, attack helicopters, rockets, inter-continental ballistic missiles, satellites and drones.
The reality is that asymmetric warfare hasn't worked and never will work in the middle east and as long as it is continued, experts warn that Europe may continue to face the consequences of refugees, terrorists and those who sympathize with their methods. By definition, these people can easily move from place to place and it is ordinary citizens and small businesses who will suffer a lot more under lockdowns and other security measures.
In our modern world, people often look to technology for shortcuts. The use of drones in the middle east is a shortcut from a country that spent enormous money on ground invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and doesn't want to do it again. Unfortunately, technological shortcuts can't always replace the role played by real human beings, whether it is bringing law and order to the streets or in any other domain.
Aerial bombardment - by warplane or by drone - carries an implicitly racist message, that the people abused by these drone attacks are not equivalent to the rest of us, they can't benefit from the normal procedures of justice, they don't have rights, they are not innocent until proven guilty and they are expendable.
The French police deserve significant credit for the relatively low loss of life in the St Denis siege. If their methods and results were replicated in Syria and other middle eastern hotspots, would it be more likely to improve the situation in the long term than drone strikes?
What happened in the reproducible
builds effort this week:
Toolchain fixes
DEB_CHANGELOG_DATETIME variable in the pom.properties file embedded in the jar files.dh_install, dh_installdocs, and dh_installexamples reproducible. Patch by Niko Tyni.SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH in libxslt upstream.
Packages fixed
The following packages have become reproducible due to changes in their
build dependencies:
antlr3/3.5.2-3,
clusterssh,
cme,
libdatetime-set-perl,
libgraphviz-perl,
liblingua-translit-perl,
libparse-cpan-packages-perl,
libsgmls-perl,
license-reconcile,
maven-bundle-plugin/2.4.0-2,
siggen,
stunnel4,
systemd,
x11proto-kb.
The following packages became reproducible after getting fixed:
armhf node using a Raspberry Pi 2. It should soon be added to the Jenkins infrastructure.
diffoscope development
diffoscope version 42 was release on November 20th. It adds a missing dependency on python3-pkg-resources and to prevent similar regression another autopkgtest to ensure that the command line is functional when Recommends are not installed. Two more encoding related problems have been fixed (#804061, #805418). A missing Build-Depends has also been added on binutils-multiarch to make the test suite pass on architectures other than amd64.
Package reviews
180 reviews have been removed, 268 added and 59 updated this week.
70 new fail to build from source bugs have been reported by Chris West, Chris Lamb and Niko Tyni.
New issue this week:
randomness_in_ocaml_preprocessed_files.
Misc.
Jim MacArthur started to work on a system to rebuild and compare packages built on reproducible.debian.net using .buildinfo and snapshot.debian.org.
On December 1-3rd 2015, a meeting of about 40 participants from 18 different free software projects will be held in Athens, Greece with the intent of improving the collaboration between projects, helping new efforts to be started, and brainstorming on end-user aspects of reproducible builds.
Debian is undertaking a huge effort to develop a reproducible builds system. I'd like to thank you for that. This could be Debian's most important project, with how badly computer security has been going.
PerniciousPunk in Reddit's Ask me anything! to Neil McGovern, DPL. What happened in the reproducible builds effort this week: Toolchain fixes More tools are getting patched to use the value of the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable as the current time:
SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH to the time of the latest debian/changelog entry when exporting build flags, patch sent as #791823 (Dhole),texlive-bin (akira) and libxslt (Dhole) with the aforementioned support for SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.debhelper exported TZ=UTC and this made packages capturing the current date (without the time) reproducible in the current test environment.
The following packages became reproducible after getting fixed:
debian/changelog date in the manpage.debian/changelog date as build date and use debian as the builder hostname.debian/changelog date as bui
ld date.reproducible.debian.net.
What happened about the reproducible
builds effort for this week:
Toolchain fixes
Dpkg::Dist::Files files list on output to make the output stable with parallel builds.xpi-pack to skip saving extra zip attributes when making jar.sort in the buildinfo generator prevented a stable order and was quickly
fixed once identified.
Mattia Rizzolo also rebased our custom
debhelper on the latest release.
Packages fixed
The following 30 packages became reproducible due to changes in their
build dependencies:
animal-sniffer,
asciidoctor,
autodock-vina,
camping,
cookie-monster,
downthemall,
flashblock,
gamera,
httpcomponents-core,
https-finder,
icedove-l10n,
istack-commons,
jdeb,
libmodule-build-perl,
libur-perl,
livehttpheaders,
maven-dependency-plugin,
maven-ejb-plugin,
mozilla-noscript,
nosquint,
requestpolicy,
ruby-benchmark-ips,
ruby-benchmark-suite,
ruby-expression-parser,
ruby-github-markup,
ruby-http-connection,
ruby-settingslogic,
ruby-uuidtools,
webkit2gtk,
wot.
The following packages became reproducible after getting fixed:
debian/changelog as build date.debian/changelog as documentation build date.debian/changelog as reference.debian/changelog as build date.debian/changelog as documentation build date.Storable::nstore to produce sorted output.DATE, WHOAMI, andHOSTNAME_CMD to stable values.debian/changelog as documentation build date.debian/changelog as documentation build date.debian/changelog as documentation build date.deadwood binary.--distrobuild build switch.locales-all is installed instead of locales.debbindiff.pom.properties files.
debbindiff development
At the request of Emmanuel Bourg, Reiner Herrmann added a comparator for Java
.class files.
Documentation update
Christoph Berg created a new page for the timestamps in manpages created by
Doxygen.
Package reviews
93 obsolete
reviews have
been removed, 76 added and 43 updated this week.
New identified issues: timestamps in manpages generated by Doxygen, modification time differences in files extracted by unzip, tstamp task used in Ant build.xml, timestamps in documentation generated by ASDocGen. The description for build id related issues has been clarified.
Meetings
Holger Levsen announced a first
meeting on Wednesday,
June 3rd, 2015, 19:00 UTC. The agenda is amendable on the wiki.
Misc.
Lunar worked on a proof-of-concept script to import the build environment found
in .buildinfo
files to
UDD. Lucas Nussbaum has positively reviewed the
proposed schema.
Holger Levsen cleaned up various experimental toolchain repositories, marking
merged brances as such.
The other day I received from my Japanese teacher an interesting article by Yamazaki Masakazu comparing garden styles, and in particular the attitude towards and presentation of water in Japanese and European gardens (page 1, page 2). The author s list of achievements is long, various professorships, dramatist, literature critique, recognized as Person of Cultural Merit, just to name a view. I was looking forward to an interesting and high quality article!
The article itself introduces the reader to Shishiodoshi, one of the standard ingredients of a Japanese garden: It is a device where water drips into a bamboo tube that is also a seesaw. At some point the water in the bamboo tube makes the seesaw switch over and the water pours out, after which the seesaw returns to the original position and a new cycle begins.
The author describes his feelings and thoughts about the shishiodoshi, in particular connects human life (stress and relieve, cycles), the flow of time, and some other concepts with the shishiodoshi. Up to here it is a wonderful article providing interesting insights into the way the author thinks. Unfortunately, then the author tries to underline his ideas by comparing the Japanese shishiodoshi with European style water fountains, describing the former with all favorable properties and full of deep meaning, while the latter is qualified as beautiful and nice, but bare of any deeper meaning.
I don t go into details that the whole comparison is anyway a bad one, as he is comparing Baroque style fountains, a very limited period, and furthermore ignores the fact that water fountains are not genuinely European (isn t there one in the Kenrokuen, one of the three most famous gardens in Japan!?), nor does he consider any other water-installation that might be available. What really destroys the in principle very nice article is the tone:
The general tone of the article then can be summarized into: The shishiodoshi is rich on meaning, connects to the life of humans, instigates philosophical reflections, represents nature, the flow of time etc. The water fountain is beautiful and gorgeous, but that is all.
I don t think that this separation, or this negative undertone, was created on purpose by the author. A person of his stature is supposedly above this level of primitive comparison. I believe that it is nothing else but a consequence of upbringing and the general attitude that permeates the whole society with this feeling of separateness.
Us and They
Repeatedly providing sentences like Japanese people and Western people have different tastes.. ( ). About 10 times in this short article expressions like Japanese and Westerner appear, leaving the reader with a bitter taste of an author that considers first the Japanese a people (what about Ainu, Ryukyu, etc?), and second that the Japanese are exclusive in the sense that they are set apart from the rest of the world in their way of thinking, living, being.
What puzzles me is that this is not only a singular opinion, but a very general straight in the Japanese media, TV, radio, newspaper, books. Everyone considers Japan and Japanese as something that is fundamentally and profoundly different from everyone else in the world.
There is We the Japanese (and that doesn t mean nationality of passport, but blood line!), and there are They the Rest or, as the way of writing and and description on many occasion suggestions, They the Barbarians .
A short anecdote will underly this: One of the favorite TV talk show / pseudo-documentary style is about Japanese living abroad. That day a lady married in Paris was interviewed. What followed was a guided tour through Paris showing: Dirt in the gutter, street cleaning cars, waste disposal places. Yes, that was all. Just about the dirt . Of course, at length the (unfortunately only apparent) cleanliness of Japanese cities and neighborhoods are mentioned and shown to remind everyone how wonderful Japan is and how dirty the Barbarians. I don t want to say that I consider Japan more dirty than most other countries just the visible part is clean, the moment you step a bit aside and around the corner, there are the worst trash just thrown away without consideration. Anyway.
To return to the topic of Us and They I consider us all humans, first and foremost, and nationality, birthplace, and all that are just by chance. I do NOT reject cultural differences, they are here, of course. But cultural differences are one thing, separating one self and one s perceived people from the rest of the world is another.
Conclusion
I repeat, I don t think that the author had any ill intentions, but it would have been nicer if the article wouldn t make such a stark distinction. He could have written about Shishiodoshi and water fountains without using the Us They categorization. He could have compared other water installations, could have discussed the long tradition of small ponds in European gardens, just to name a few things. But the author choose to highlight differences instead of commonalities.
It is the Us against Them feeling that often makes life in Japan for a foreigner difficult. Japanese are not special, Austrians, too, are not special, nor are Americans, Russians, Tibetans, or any other nationality. No nationality is special, we are all humans. Maybe at some point this will arrive also in the Japanese society and thinking.
audio_output
type "pulse"
name "MPD stream"
#server "remote_server" # optional
sink "rtp" # optional
mixer_type "software"
Then in /etc/pulse/system.pa:
load-module module-null-sink sink_name=rtp format=s16be channels=2 rate=44100 sink_properties="device.description='RTP Multicast Sink'"
load-module module-rtp-send source=rtp.monitor
This tells Pulse to use multicast streaming to the LAN for the audio packets. Pulse is supposed to have latency synchronization to achieve perfect audio everywhere. In practice, this works somewhat poorly. Plus I have to install pulse everywhere, which inserts its tentacles way too deeply into the ALSA stack for my taste. (alsamixer suddenly turns useless by default, for instance.)
But I gave it a try. After much fiddling Pulse is rather poorly documented and the interactions of configuration tools with it even more so I found a working configuration. On my MythTV box, I added:
load-module module-rtp-recv
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1;x.x.x.x
The real annoyance was getting it to set the output through the S/PDIF digital port. Finally I figured out the magic potion:
set-card-profile 0 output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
This worked reasonably well. The Raspberry Pi was a much bigger challenge, however.
I put Raspbian on it easily enough, and installed Pulse. But apparently it is well-known in the Pulse community that Pulse s RTP does not work well with wifi. Multicast itself works poorly with wifi in general, and Pulse won t do unicast RTP. However, Pulse assumes very low latency and just won t work well with wifi at all.
Morever, pulseaudio on the rpi is something of a difficult beast to tame. It has crackling audio, etc. I eventually got it working decently with:
daemon.conf:
realtime-scheduling = yes
realtime-priority = 5
resample-method = src-sinc-fastest
default-sample-rate = 44100
default-fragments = 4
default-fragment-size-msec=20
and in system.pa, commented out the module-udev-detect and module-detect, and added:
load-module module-alsa-card device_id=0 tsched=0 fragments=10 fragment_size=640 tsched_buffer_size=4194384 tsched_buffer_watermark=262144
plus the rtp-recv and tcp protocol lines as before. This got it working with decent quality, but it was always out of sync by at least a few tenths of a second, if not a whole second, with the other rooms.
Brief diversion: mplayer
Many players besides pulseaudio can play the RTP streams that pulseaudio generates. mplayer, for instance, can. I found this worked on the Raspberry Pi:
mplayer -really-quiet -cache 64 -cache-min 95 -demuxer rawaudio -rawaudio format=0x20776172 rtp://224.0.0.56:46510
But this produced even worse sync. It became clear that Ampache was not going to be the right solution.
Logitech Media Server
I have looked at this a few times over the years, but I ve somehow skipped it. But I looked at it again now. It is an open source (GPL) server, and was originally designed to work with Logitech hardware. There are now all sorts of software clients out there. There is a helpful wiki about it, although Logitech has rebranded the thing so many times, it s not even consistent internally on what the heck it s called (is it LMS? or Squeezebox Server? or Slimserver? The answer is: yes.)
LMS does no web-based streaming. At all. But I thought I d give it a try. Installation is a little weird (its .deb packages up binary perl modules for things that are already in Debian, for half a dozen architectures and many Perl versions.) I had some odd issues but eventually it worked. It scanned my media collection. I installed squeezelite on my workstation as my first player, and things worked reasonably well out of the box.
I proceeded to install squeezelite on the Raspberry Pi and MythTV server (where I had to compile libsoxr for wheezy, due to an obscure error I couldn t find the cause of until I used strace). Log in to the LMS web interface, tell it to enable synchronization, and bam! Perfect synchronization! Incredible.
But I ran into two issues: one was that it used a lot of CPU even on my workstation (50% or more, even when idle). Strangely, it used far less CPU on the pi than did pulseaudio. Secondly, I d get annoying clicks from it from time to time. Some debugging and investigation revealed that they were both somewhat related; it was getting out of sync with the pi and correcting. Initially I assumed this to be an issue with the pi, but tracked it down to something else. I told it to upsample to 48kHz and this made the problem go away. My command on PC hardware is:
squeezelite -a 200:10 -o dmix -u hLX -z
And on the Raspberry Pi:
squeezelite -a 800:10:16:0 -n kitchen -z
It is working perfectly now.
LMS even has an Android remote control app that can control all devices together, queue up playlists, etc. Very slick.
The Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi, even the model B+, apparently has notoriously bad audio output. I noticed this first as very low volume on the output. I found a $11 USB DAC on Amazon that seems to do the trick, so we will see. I am also using the $10 Edimax USB Wifi and it seems to work well.
Other Options
The big-name other option here is Sonos. They have perfect sync audio already working. But they re pricy, closed, and proprietary; you have to buy Sonos speakers, transmitters, etc. for the entire house. Their receivers start at $200, and it s at least $350 to integrate an existing stereo into the system. I d be shelling out over $1000 to use Sonos for this setup. As it is, I ve bought less than $100 of equipment (a second Pi and its accessories) and getting output that, while no doubt not quite as pristine, it still quite nice and acceptable. Quite nice.
Update: LMS with Apache
It turns out that Logitech Media Server can automatically save created playlists to a spot where Ampache can find them. So an Ampache streaming player can be used to access the same collection LMS uses, with full features. Nice!
Some wise Irish man or woman once said that broken Irish is better than clever English. So here goes: T thas orm bheith in irinn I am happy to be in Ireland! I'm happy to be with so many cairde.Mr Obama then switches into a more personal context:
if you believe the Corrigan Brothers, there s no one more Irish than me.He is referring to his Irish roots in the village of Moneygall. He then goes on to look at the impact the free Irish spirit had on the way Americans gained the freedom they have over their own country today:
When the father of our country, George Washington, needed an army, it was the fierce fighting of your sons that caused the British official to lament, We have lost America through the Irish.and America's freedom to move beyond our planet too:
it was our first Irish President our first Catholic President, John F. Kennedy, who made us believe 50 years ago this week that mankind could do something big and bold and ambitious as walk on the moon. He made us dream again.In fact, US presidents traditionally have lunch with the Irish leadership for St Patrick's day each year. This year they discussed international issues like Ukraine - maybe the complexities of Northern Ireland provide insights into the challenges of the Crimea? Will Scotland choose to sit at this table and will they bring a good Scotch with them?
Wow. 3G delta. I haven t booted this laptop for a while I think I m finally ready to make the move from gnome2 to gnome3. There are bits that still annoy me, but I think it s off to a good start. Upgrading perl from 5.10 to 5.14.
cjac@calcifer:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: at-spi capplets-data compiz compiz-gnome compiz-gtk defoma deskbar-applet g++-4.3 gcc-4.3 gcj-4.4-base gcj-4.4-jre gcj-4.4-jre-headless gcj-4.4-jre-lib gdm3 gir1.0-clutter-1.0 gir1.0-freedesktop gir1.0-glib-2.0 gir1.0-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.0-gtk-2.0 gir1.0-json-glib-1.0 glade-gnome gnome-about gnome-accessibility gnome-applets gnome-core gnome-panel gnome-utils-common lib32readline5-dev libbrasero-media0 libclass-mop-perl libdb4.7-java libdb4.8-dev libdevhelp-1-1 libdigest-sha1-perl libdirectfb-dev libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-7 libedataserverui1.2-8 libepc-1.0-2 libepc-ui-1.0-2 libept1 libgcj10 libgcj10-awt libgd2-noxpm libgstfarsight0.10-0 libgtkhtml-editor0 libjpeg62-dev libmetacity-private0 libmono-accessibility1.0-cil libmono-bytefx0.7.6.1-cil libmono-cairo1.0-cil libmono-cil-dev libmono-corlib1.0-cil libmono-cscompmgd7.0-cil libmono-data-tds1.0-cil libmono-data1.0-cil libmono-debugger-soft0.0-cil libmono-getoptions1.0-cil libmono-i18n-west1.0-cil libmono-i18n1.0-cil libmono-ldap1.0-cil libmono-microsoft7.0-cil libmono-npgsql1.0-cil libmono-oracle1.0-cil libmono-peapi1.0-cil libmono-posix1.0-cil libmono-relaxng1.0-cil libmono-security1.0-cil libmono-sharpzip0.6-cil libmono-sharpzip0.84-cil libmono-sqlite1.0-cil libmono-system-data1.0-cil libmono-system-ldap1.0-cil libmono-system-messaging1.0-cil libmono-system-runtime1.0-cil libmono-system-web1.0-cil libmono-system1.0-cil libmono-webbrowser0.5-cil libmono-winforms1.0-cil libmono1.0-cil libmtp8 libnautilus-extension1 libpango1.0-common libperl5.10 libpolkit-gtk-1-0 libpulse-browse0 librpm1 librpmbuild1 libsdl1.2-dev libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio libseed0 libstdc++6-4.3-dev libtelepathy-farsight0 libupnp3 libvlccore4 libxmlrpc-c3 linphone-nox linux-headers-2.6.32-5-amd64 linux-sound-base metacity mono-2.0-devel mono-devel mysql-client-5.1 mysql-query-browser mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server-core-5.1 openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-gcj openoffice.org-report-builder-bin openoffice.org-style-andromeda php5-suhosin portmap python-beagle python-brasero python-docky python-encutils python-evince python-gnomeapplet python-gtop python-mediaprofiles python-metacity python-totem-plparser seahorse-plugins smbfs speedbar totem-coherence tqsllib1c2a unixcw vlc xserver-xorg-video-nv The following NEW packages will be installed: accountsservice acl aisleriot apg aptdaemon-data aptitude-common asterisk-core-sounds-en asterisk-modules asterisk-moh-opsound-gsm at-spi2-core ax25-node bluez btrfs-tools caribou caribou-antler chromium chromium-inspector colord console-setup console-setup-linux cpp-4.6 cpp-4.7 crda cryptsetup-bin cups-filters db-util db5.1-util dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service dconf-tools distro-info-data docutils-common docutils-doc enchant extlinux finger folks-common fonts-cantarell fonts-droid fonts-freefont-ttf fonts-horai-umefont fonts-lg-aboriginal fonts-liberation fonts-lyx fonts-opensymbol fonts-sil-gentium fonts-sil-gentium-basic fonts-sipa-arundina fonts-stix fonts-takao fonts-takao-gothic fonts-takao-mincho fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-tlwg-garuda fonts-tlwg-kinnari fonts-tlwg-loma fonts-tlwg-mono fonts-tlwg-norasi fonts-tlwg-purisa fonts-tlwg-sawasdee fonts-tlwg-typewriter fonts-tlwg-typist fonts-tlwg-typo fonts-tlwg-umpush fonts-tlwg-waree fonts-umeplus fuse g++-4.7 g++-4.7-multilib gcc-4.6 gcc-4.6-base gcc-4.7 gcc-4.7-base gcc-4.7-multilib gcj-4.7-base gcj-4.7-jre gcj-4.7-jre-headless gcj-4.7-jre-lib gconf-service gcr gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-atk-1.0 gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-caribou-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-gst-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0 gir1.2-coglpango-1.0 gir1.2-evince-3.0 gir1.2-folks-0.6 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gck-1 gir1.2-gconf-2.0 gir1.2-gcr-3 gir1.2-gdesktopenums-3.0 gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gee-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-glib-2.0 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtkclutter-1.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-gtop-2.0 gir1.2-gucharmap-2.90 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-json-1.0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7 gir1.2-panelapplet-4.0 gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12 gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totem-plparser-1.0 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-vte-2.90 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gir1.2-xkl-1.0 git-man gjs gkbd-capplet glchess glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services glines gnect gnibbles gnobots2 gnome-bluetooth gnome-contacts gnome-control-center-data gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-icon-theme-extras gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-online-accounts gnome-packagekit gnome-packagekit-data gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-sudoku gnome-sushi gnome-themes-standard gnome-themes-standard-data gnome-user-share gnome-video-effects gnomine gnotravex gnotski gnuplot gnuplot-nox grilo-plugins-0.1 groff growisofs gsettings-desktop-schemas gstreamer0.10-gconf gtali guile-2.0-libs gvfs-common gvfs-daemons gvfs-libs hardening-includes hwdata iagno ienglish-common imagemagick-common ioquake3 ioquake3-server iputils-tracepath ipxe-qemu iw keyutils kmod krb5-locales lib32itm1 lib32quadmath0 lib32tinfo-dev lib32tinfo5 libaacplus2 libaacs0 libabiword-2.9 libaccountsservice0 libamd2.2.0 libapache-pom-java libapol4 libapt-inst1.5 libapt-pkg4.12 libaqbanking-plugins-libgwenhywfar60 libaqbanking34 libaqbanking34-plugins libaqhbci20 libaqofxconnect7 libarchive12 libasprintf0c2 libassuan0 libatk-adaptor libatk-adaptor-data libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatkmm-1.6-1 libatkmm-1.6-dev libatspi2.0-0 libaudiofile1 libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libavcodec53 libavcodec54 libavformat53 libavformat54 libavutil51 libbabl-0.1-0 libbind9-80 libbison-dev libblas3 libbluray1 libboost-iostreams1.49.0 libboost-program-options1.49.0 libboost-python1.49.0 libboost-serialization1.49.0 libboost-thread1.49.0 libbrasero-media3-1 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcamel-1.2-33 libcanberra-dev libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-pulse libcapi20-3 libcaribou-common libcaribou-gtk-module libcaribou-gtk3-module libcaribou0 libccrtp0 libcdio-cdda1 libcdio-paranoia1 libcdio13 libcfg4 libchamplain-0.12-0 libchamplain-gtk-0.12-0 libcheese-gtk21 libcheese3 libclass-factory-util-perl libclass-isa-perl libclass-load-perl libclass-load-xs-perl libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-1.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libclutter-imcontext-0.1-0 libclutter-imcontext-0.1-bin libcluttergesture-0.0.2-0 libcmis-0.2-0 libcogl-common libcogl-pango0 libcogl9 libcolord1 libcommons-parent-java libconfdb4 libcoroipcc4 libcoroipcs4 libcpg4 libcryptsetup4 libcrystalhd3 libcupsfilters1 libcw3 libdata-alias-perl libdatetime-format-builder-perl libdatetime-format-iso8601-perl libdb-java libdb5.1 libdb5.1-dev libdb5.1-java libdb5.1-java-jni libdbus-c++-1-0 libdbus-glib1.0-cil libdbus1.0-cil libdconf0 libdee-1.0-4 libdevel-partialdump-perl libdevhelp-3-0 libdevmapper-event1.02.1 libdistro-info-perl libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libdns88 libdotconf1.0 libdvbpsi7 libebackend-1.2-2 libebml3 libebook-1.2-13 libecal-1.2-11 libecore1 libedata-book-1.2-13 libedata-cal-1.2-15 libedataserver-1.2-16 libedataserverui-3.0-1 libeina1 libemail-valid-perl libencode-locale-perl libepc-1.0-3 libepc-ui-1.0-3 libept1.4.12 libescpr1 libev4 libeval-closure-perl libevdocument3-4 libevent-2.0-5 libevent-perl libevs4 libevview3-3 libexiv2-12 libexosip2-7 libexporter-lite-perl libexttextcat-data libexttextcat0 libfakechroot libfarstream-0.1-0 libfdk-aac0 libfdt1 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libfltk-images1.3 libfltk1.3 libfolks-eds25 libfolks-telepathy25 libfolks25 libfont-afm-perl libgail-3-0 libgcj13 libgcj13-awt libgck-1-0 libgconf-2-4 libgconf2-doc libgcr-3-1 libgcr-3-common libgd2-xpm libgdata13 libgdata2.1-cil libgdict-common libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libgegl-0.2-0 libgeocode-glib0 libgettextpo0 libgexiv2-1 libgirepository-1.0-1 libgjs0b libgkeyfile1.0-cil libgladeui-2-0 libgladeui-common libglapi-mesa libglew1.7 libglib2.0-bin libgmime-2.6-0 libgmime2.6-cil libgmp10 libgnome-bluetooth10 libgnome-desktop-3-2 libgnome-keyring-common libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0 libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnomekbd7 libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutlsxx27 libgoa-1.0-0 libgoa-1.0-common libgphoto2-l10n libgraphite2-2.0.0 libgrilo-0.1-0 libgs9 libgs9-common libgssdp-1.0-3 libgstreamer-plugins-bad0.10-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgtk-3-dev libgtk-3-doc libgtk-sharp-beans-cil libgtk-vnc-2.0-0 libgtkhtml-4.0-0 libgtkhtml-4.0-common libgtkhtml-editor-4.0-0 libgtkmm-3.0-1 libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgucharmap-2-90-7 libgudev1.0-cil libgupnp-1.0-4 libgupnp-av-1.0-2 libgupnp-igd-1.0-4 libgusb2 libgvnc-1.0-0 libgweather-3-0 libgwenhywfar-data libgwenhywfar60 libgxps2 libhcrypto4-heimdal libheimbase1-heimdal libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libhunspell-1.3-0 libicu48 libimobiledevice2 libio-aio-perl libisc84 libisccc80 libisccfg82 libiscsi1 libiso9660-8 libisoburn1 libitm1 libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig0 libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore libjson0 libjte1 libkadm5clnt-mit8 libkadm5srv-mit8 libkarma0 libkdb5-6 libkmod2 libkpathsea6 liblapack3 liblavfile-2.0-0 liblavjpeg-2.0-0 liblavplay-2.0-0 liblcms2-2 liblensfun-data liblensfun0 liblinear-tools liblinear1 liblinphone4 liblockfile-bin liblogsys4 liblvm2app2.2 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl liblwres80 liblzma5 libmaa3 libmagick++5 libmagickcore5 libmagickcore5-extra libmagickwand5 libmath-bigint-perl libmath-round-perl libmatroska5 libmediastreamer1 libmhash2 libminiupnpc5 libmission-control-plugins0 libmjpegutils-2.0-0 libmodule-implementation-perl libmodule-runtime-perl libmono-2.0-1 libmono-2.0-dev libmono-accessibility4.0-cil libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-codecontracts4.0-cil libmono-compilerservices-symbolwriter4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.0-cil libmono-csharp4.0-cil libmono-custommarshalers4.0-cil libmono-data-tds4.0-cil libmono-debugger-soft2.0-cil libmono-debugger-soft4.0-cil libmono-http4.0-cil libmono-i18n-cjk4.0-cil libmono-i18n-mideast4.0-cil libmono-i18n-other4.0-cil libmono-i18n-rare4.0-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil libmono-i18n4.0-all libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-ldap4.0-cil libmono-management4.0-cil libmono-messaging-rabbitmq4.0-cil libmono-messaging4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-build-engine4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-build-framework4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-build-tasks-v4.0-4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-build-utilities-v4.0-4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-csharp4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-visualc10.0-cil libmono-microsoft-web-infrastructure1.0-cil 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libmono-system-net4.0-cil libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime-caching4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime-durableinstancing4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime-serialization-formatters-soap4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime-serialization4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime4.0-cil libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-servicemodel-discovery4.0-cil libmono-system-servicemodel-routing4.0-cil libmono-system-servicemodel-web4.0-cil libmono-system-servicemodel4.0-cil libmono-system-serviceprocess4.0-cil libmono-system-transactions4.0-cil libmono-system-web-abstractions4.0-cil libmono-system-web-applicationservices4.0-cil libmono-system-web-dynamicdata4.0-cil libmono-system-web-extensions-design4.0-cil libmono-system-web-extensions4.0-cil libmono-system-web-routing4.0-cil libmono-system-web-services4.0-cil libmono-system-web4.0-cil libmono-system-windows-forms-datavisualization4.0-cil libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil libmono-system-xaml4.0-cil libmono-system-xml-linq4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil libmono-system4.0-cil libmono-tasklets4.0-cil libmono-web4.0-cil libmono-webbrowser2.0-cil libmono-webbrowser4.0-cil libmono-webmatrix-data4.0-cil libmono-windowsbase4.0-cil libmount1 libmozjs10d libmozjs17d libmozjs185-1.0 libmpeg2encpp-2.0-0 libmplex2-2.0-0 libmtdev1 libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libmupen64plus2 libmusicbrainz-discid-perl libmusicbrainz5-0 libmutter0 libmx-1.0-2 libmx-bin libmx-common libmysqlclient18 libnatpmp1 libnautilus-extension1a libnet-domain-tld-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-ip-minimal-perl libnetcf1 libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnettle4 libnewtonsoft-json4.5-cil libnice10 libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200 libnl-route-3-200 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libnotify4 libnspr4 libnss-winbind libnss3 libnuma1 libnunit2.6-cil liboauth0 libodbc1 liboobs-1-5 libopal3.10.4 libopenal-data libopus0 libosip2-7 libp11-2 libp11-kit-dev libp11-kit0 libpackage-stash-xs-perl libpackagekit-glib2-14 libpam-cap libpam-modules-bin libpam-winbind libpanel-applet-4-0 libparams-classify-perl libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common libperl5.14 libpipeline1 libpload4 libpodofo0.9.0 libpoe-component-resolver-perl libpoppler-glib8 libpoppler19 libportsmf0 libpostproc52 libprocps0 libpst4 libpt2.10.4 libptexenc1 libpython2.7 libqt4-declarative libqtassistantclient4 libqtdbus4 libqtwebkit4 libquadmath0 libquicktime2 libquorum4 libquvi-scripts libquvi7 libraptor2-0 librasqal3 libraw5 libregexp-reggrp-perl libreoffice libreoffice-base libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-evolution libreoffice-filter-binfilter libreoffice-filter-mobiledev libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-impress libreoffice-java-common libreoffice-math libreoffice-officebean libreoffice-report-builder-bin libreoffice-style-galaxy libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer libresid-builder0c2a librest-0.7-0 librest-extras-0.7-0 librhythmbox-core6 librpm3 librpmbuild3 librpmio3 librpmsign1 libruby1.9.1 libsaamf3 libsackpt3 libsaclm3 libsaevt3 libsalck3 libsam4 libsamsg4 libsane-common libsane-extras-common libsatmr3 libsbsms10 libseed-gtk3-0 libsidplay2 libsigsegv2 libsocialweb-client2 libsocialweb-common libsocialweb-service libsocialweb0 libsocket-getaddrinfo-perl libsocket-perl libsonic0 libsoundtouch0 libsox2 libspeechd2 libspice-client-glib-2.0-1 libspice-client-gtk-2.0-1 libspice-server1 libssl-doc libssl1.0.0 libstdc++6-4.7-dev libsvm-tools libswitch-perl libswscale2 libsystemd-daemon0 libsystemd-login0 libtagc0 libtelepathy-farstream2 libtelepathy-logger2 libtest-warn-perl libtinfo-dev libtinfo5 libtirpc1 libtokyocabinet9 libtotem-pg4 libtotem0 libtqsllib1 libtracker-sparql-0.14-0 libtree-dagnode-perl libts-dev libucommon5 libumfpack5.4.0 libunique-3.0-0 libupnp6 libusbredirhost1 libusbredirparser0 libv4lconvert0 libverto-libev1 libverto1 libvisio-0.0-0 libvlccore5 libvo-aacenc0 libvo-amrwbenc0 libvorbisidec1 libvotequorum4 libvpx1 libvte-2.90-9 libvte-2.90-common libwacom-common libwacom2 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwebp2 libwebrtc-audio-processing-0 libwildmidi-config libwireshark-data libwireshark2 libwiretap2 libwnck-3-0 libwnck-3-common libwpd-0.9-9 libwpg-0.2-2 libwps-0.2-2 libwsutil2 libwv-1.2-4 libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-doc libx11-protocol-perl libx264-123 libx264-124 libx264-130 libx264-132 libxalan2-java libxcb-composite0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-util0 libxen-4.1 libxml-commons-external-java libxml-commons-resolver1.1-java libxml-sax-base-perl libxmlrpc-c++4 libxmlrpc-core-c3 libxz-java libyajl2 libyaml-0-2 libyaml-perl libyelp0 libzrtpcpp2 libzvbi-common libzvbi0 lightsoff linphone-nogtk linux-headers-3.2.0-4-amd64 linux-headers-3.2.0-4-common linux-headers-amd64 linux-image-3.2.0-4-amd64 linux-image-amd64 linux-kbuild-3.2 live-boot-doc live-config-doc live-manual-html mahjongg memtest86+ minissdpd mono-4.0-gac mono-dmcs mscompress multiarch-support mupen64plus-audio-all mupen64plus-audio-sdl mupen64plus-data mupen64plus-input-all mupen64plus-input-sdl mupen64plus-rsp-all mupen64plus-rsp-hle mupen64plus-rsp-z64 mupen64plus-ui-console mupen64plus-video-all mupen64plus-video-arachnoid mupen64plus-video-glide64 mupen64plus-video-rice mupen64plus-video-z64 mutter-common mysql-client-5.5 mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 mythes-en-us openarena-081-maps openarena-081-misc openarena-081-players openarena-081-players-mature openarena-081-textures openarena-085-data openarena-088-data packagekit packagekit-backend-aptcc packagekit-tools planner-data planner-doc poppler-data printer-driver-all printer-driver-c2050 printer-driver-c2esp printer-driver-cjet printer-driver-escpr printer-driver-foo2zjs printer-driver-gutenprint printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-hpijs printer-driver-m2300w printer-driver-min12xxw printer-driver-pnm2ppa printer-driver-postscript-hp printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-pxljr printer-driver-sag-gdi printer-driver-splix psutils python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-aptdaemon.gtkwidgets python-bzrlib python-dbus-dev python-debianbts python-defer python-dnspython python-fpconst python-gi python-gi-cairo python-gi-dev python-gobject-2 python-gobject-2-dev python-keyring python-launchpadlib python-lazr.restfulclient python-lazr.uri python-liblarch python-liblarch-gtk python-magic python-oauth python-packagekit python-pyatspi2 python-pyparsing python-repoze.lru python-routes python-setools python-simplejson python-soappy python-speechd python-spice-client-gtk python-wadllib python-webob python-zeitgeist python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal qdbus quadrapassel remmina-common rhythmbox-data rpcbind rtkit ruby ruby1.9.1 shotwell-common smartdimmer software-properties-common sound-theme-freedesktop speech-dispatcher sphinx-common sphinx-doc swell-foop syslinux-themes-debian syslinux-themes-debian-wheezy tdb-tools telepathy-haze telepathy-logger telepathy-rakia tex-gyre ttf-marvosym wireless-regdb xbrlapi xorg-sgml-doctools xorriso xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xulrunner-17.0 yelp-xsl zeitgeist-core zenity-common The following packages have been kept back: acroread-debian-files db4.8-util hibernate ia32-libs ia32-libs-gtk libboost-dev libboost-serialization-dev opensc wine The following packages will be upgraded: abcde abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview acpi acpi-fakekey acpi-support acpi-support-base acpid acroread-data acroread-dictionary-en acroread-l10n-en adduser alacarte alsa-base alsa-utils amb-plugins anacron analog ant ant-optional apache2 apache2-doc apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common app-install-data apt apt-file apt-utils apt-xapian-index aptdaemon aptitude aqbanking-tools aspell aspell-en asterisk asterisk-config asterisk-core-sounds-en-gsm asterisk-doc asterisk-voicemail astyle at audacity audacity-data augeas-lenses augeas-tools autoconf autoconf-doc automake automake1.9 autopoint autotools-dev avahi-autoipd avahi-daemon avidemux avidemux-common avidemux-plugins aview ax25-tools banshee baobab base-files base-passwd bash bash-completion bc bind9-doc bind9-host bind9utils binfmt-support binutils bison bluez-cups bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brasero brasero-common bridge-utils browser-plugin-gnash bsd-mailx bsdmainutils bsdutils busybox buzztard buzztard-data bwidget bzip2 bzr bzrtools ca-certificates calibre calibre-bin ccache cd-discid cdebootstrap cdparanoia cdrdao checkpolicy cheese cheese-common chromium-browser chromium-browser-inspector cifs-utils cl-asdf cli-common clisp comerr-dev common-lisp-controller console-common console-data console-tools consolekit coreutils cowbuilder cowdancer cpio cpp cpp-4.4 cpufrequtils cracklib-runtime crawl-common crawl-tiles cron cryptsetup cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-driver-gutenprint cups-pk-helper cups-ppdc cupsddk curl curlftpfs cvs cw dash dasher dasher-data dbus dbus-x11 dc dcraw dctrl-tools debconf debconf-i18n debhelper debian-archive-keyring debian-faq debian-keyring debianutils debirf debootstrap desktop-base desktop-file-utils devhelp devhelp-common devscripts dialog dict dictionaries-common diffstat diffutils djtools dkms dmidecode dmsetup dnsmasq-base dnsutils doc-debian docbook docbook-dsssl docbook-to-man docbook-utils docbook-xml docbook-xsl docbook-xsl-doc-html docky dosemu dosfstools dpatch dpkg dpkg-dev dput dvd+rw-tools dvi2ps dynagen dynamips e2fslibs e2fsprogs ebtables ed eject ekiga emacs23-bin-common emacs23-common emacs23-nox emacsen-common emdebian-archive-keyring empathy empathy-common eog epiphany-browser epiphany-browser-data epiphany-extensions esound-common espeak espeak-data ethtool evince evince-common evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-webcal exif exiftags exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light exiv2 f-spot fakechroot fakeroot fancontrol fceu fcrackzip fdupes feynmf file file-roller finch findutils firmware-iwlwifi firmware-linux-free firmware-linux-nonfree flac flashrom fldigi flex fontconfig fontconfig-config foo2zjs foomatic-db foomatic-db-engine foomatic-db-gutenprint foomatic-filters fping freedesktop-sound-theme freeglut3 freetds-common ftp fuse-utils g++ g++-4.4 g++-4.4-multilib g++-multilib gawk gcalctool gcc gcc-4.4 gcc-4.4-base gcc-4.4-doc gcc-4.4-multilib gcc-doc-base gcc-multilib gcj-jre gcj-jre-headless gconf-defaults-service gconf-editor gconf2 gconf2-common gddrescue gdebi gdebi-core gedit gedit-common gedit-plugins genisoimage geoclue geoclue-hostip geoclue-localnet geoclue-manual geoclue-yahoo geoip-database gettext gettext-base ghostscript ghostscript-cups gimp gimp-data git git-buildpackage git-core git-svn gitk gksu glade gnash gnash-common gnash-opengl gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-applets-data gnome-backgrounds gnome-cards-data gnome-common gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-dev gnome-desktop-data gnome-dictionary gnome-disk-utility gnome-do gnome-do-plugins gnome-doc-utils gnome-games gnome-games-data gnome-games-extra-data gnome-icon-theme gnome-js-common gnome-keyring gnome-mag gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-nettool gnome-orca gnome-panel-data gnome-pkg-tools gnome-power-manager gnome-rdp gnome-screensaver gnome-screenshot gnome-search-tool gnome-session gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-settings-daemon-dev gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-system-tools gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-guide gnomint gnu-fdisk gnucash-docs gnuchess gnumeric gnumeric-common gnupg gnupg-agent gocr google-talkplugin gparted gpgv gpredict gpscorrelate grep groff-base grub-common grub-legacy gsfonts-x11 gsmartcontrol gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-buzztard gstreamer0.10-buzztard-doc gstreamer0.10-doc gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg-dbg gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer0.10-gnonlin gstreamer0.10-gnonlin-dbg gstreamer0.10-gnonlin-doc gstreamer0.10-nice gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-dbg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-doc gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-dbg gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-doc gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-dbg gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-doc gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-dbg gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-doc gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gtg gthumb gthumb-data gtk2-engines gtk2-engines-pixbuf gucharmap guile-1.6 guile-1.6-libs guile-1.8-libs gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-bin gzip hal hamster-applet hardinfo hddtemp hdparm hfsprogs hostname hp-ppd hpijs hplip hplip-cups hplip-data htmldoc htmldoc-common iamerican ibritish iceweasel ifupdown ijsgutenprint imagemagick imagemagick-doc info initramfs-tools initscripts inkscape insserv install-info installation-report intltool iotop iproute ipsec-tools iptables iptraf iputils-ping ircd-hybrid irssi isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common isc-dhcp-server iscsitarget-dkms iso-codes ispell jack jadetex java-common jigdo-file keyanalyze keyboard-configuration keychain klibc-utils kpartx krb5-admin-server krb5-auth-dialog krb5-config krb5-doc krb5-kdc krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-multidev krb5-pkinit krb5-user lacheck lame latex-beamer latex-xcolor less lesstif2 lesstif2-dev lib32asound2 lib32bz2-1.0 lib32gcc1 lib32gomp1 lib32ncurses5 lib32ncurses5-dev lib32nss-mdns lib32readline5 lib32stdc++6 lib32v4l-0 lib32z1 lib32z1-dev liba52-0.7.4 libaa1 libaa1-dev libacl1 libaften0 libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libaio1 libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libany-moose-perl libanyevent-perl libao-common libao4 libapache-dbi-perl libapache2-mod-apreq2 libapache2-mod-dnssd libapache2-mod-perl2 libapache2-mod-php5 libapache2-mod-python libapache2-request-perl libappconfig-perl libapr1 libapreq2 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libapt-pkg-perl libaqbanking-data libarchive-zip-perl libart-2.0-2 libart-2.0-dev libart2.0-cil libasn1-8-heimdal libasound2 libasound2-dev libasound2-plugins libaspell15 libass4 libasync-interrupt-perl libasyncns0 libatasmart4 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatk1.0-dev libatk1.0-doc libatspi1.0-0 libattr1 libaudio-dev libaudio2 libaudiofile-dev libaudit0 libaugeas0 libavahi-client-dev libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common-dev libavahi-common3 libavahi-core7 libavahi-glib-dev libavahi-glib1 libavahi-gobject0 libavahi-ui0 libavc1394-0 libax25 libb-hooks-endofscope-perl libb-keywords-perl libbind9-60 libblas3gf libblkid1 libbluetooth3 libbml0 libboo2.0.9-cil libbrlapi0.5 libbs2b0 libbsd0 libburn4 libbusiness-paypal-api-perl libbusiness-tax-vat-validation-perl libbuzztard0 libbz2-1.0 libc-ares2 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libc6-i386 libcaca-dev libcaca0 libcache-fastmmap-perl libcairo-perl libcairo2 libcairo2-dev libcairomm-1.0-1 libcairomm-1.0-dev libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra0 libcap-ng0 libcap2 libcap2-bin libcapture-tiny-perl libccid libcdaudio1 libcddb-get-perl libcddb2 libcdparanoia0 libcdt4 libchm-bin libchm1 libck-connector0 libclass-c3-perl libclass-c3-xs-perl libclass-insideout-perl libclass-inspector-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libclass-methodmaker-perl libclone-perl libclutter-1.0-0 libcolamd2.7.1 libcolor-calc-perl libcomedi0 libcomerr2 libcommon-sense-perl libcommons-beanutils-java libcommons-collections3-java libcommons-compress-java libcommons-digester-java libcommons-logging-java libconfig-inifiles-perl libconfig-json-perl libconfig-tiny-perl libconsole libcontextual-return-perl libconvert-asn1-perl libcoro-perl libcorosync4 libcpufreq-dev libcpufreq0 libcrack2 libcroco3 libcrypt-openssl-bignum-perl libcrypt-openssl-random-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl libcrypt-passwdmd5-perl libcrypt-ssleay-perl libcss-minifier-xs-perl libcss-packer-perl libcups2 libcupscgi1 libcupsdriver1 libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libcurses-perl libcwidget3 libdata-optlist-perl libdata-structure-util-perl libdata-visitor-perl libdatetime-format-http-perl libdatetime-perl libdatetime-set-perl libdatetime-timezone-perl libdatrie1 libdb-dev libdb-je-java libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libdbus-1-3 libdbus-1-dev libdbus-glib-1-2 libdbus-glib-1-dev libdc1394-22 libdca0 libdebian-installer-extra4 libdebian-installer4 libdevel-globaldestruction-perl libdevel-size-perl libdevel-stacktrace-perl libdevel-symdump-perl libdevmapper1.02.1 libdigest-hmac-perl libdirac-decoder0 libdirac-encoder0 libdirectfb-1.2-9 libdirectfb-extra libdiscid0 libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21 libdns69 libdpkg-perl libdrm-dev libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau1a libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libdv4 libdvdcss2 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libedit2 libelf1 libelfg0 libemail-address-perl libenca0 libenchant1c2a libengine-pkcs11-openssl libepc-common libesd0 libesd0-dev libespeak1 libevolution libexception-class-perl libexempi3 libexif12 libexpat1 libexpat1-dev libexpect-perl libfaac0 libfaad2 libfcgi-perl libfcgi0ldbl libffi-dev libffi5 libfftw3-3 libfile-homedir-perl libfile-libmagic-perl libfile-mmagic-perl libfile-slurp-perl libfile-which-perl libfilter-perl libfinance-quote-perl libflac++6 libflac8 libflickrnet2.2-cil libflite1 libfltk1.1 libfluidsynth1 libfontconfig1 libfontconfig1-dev libfontenc1 libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev libfribidi0 libfs6 libftdi-dev libftdi1 libfuse2 libgail-common libgail-dev libgail18 libgc1c2 libgcc1 libgcj-bc libgcj-common libgconf2-4 libgconf2-dev libgconf2.0-cil libgcrypt11 libgcrypt11-dev libgd-gd2-noxpm-perl libgdata-common libgdbm3 libgdict-1.0-6 libgdiplus libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgdu-gtk0 libgdu0 libgee2 libgeoclue0 libgeoip1 libgfortran3 libgif4 libgimp2.0 libgio-cil libgksu2-0 libgl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglade2.0-cil libgladeui-1-9 libglib-perl libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-cil libglib2.0-data libglib2.0-dev libglib2.0-doc libglibmm-2.4-1c2a libglibmm-2.4-dev libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa-dev libgnome-desktop-2-17 libgnome-desktop-dev libgnome-keyring-dev libgnome-keyring0 libgnome-keyring1.0-cil libgnome-mag2 libgnome-menu2 libgnome-speech7 libgnome-vfs2.0-cil libgnome2-0 libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-common libgnome2-dev libgnome2-perl libgnome2-vfs-perl libgnome2.24-cil libgnomecanvas2-0 libgnomecanvas2-common libgnomecanvas2-dev libgnomedesktop2.20-cil libgnomekbd-common libgnomeui-0 libgnomeui-common libgnomeui-dev libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-common libgnomevfs2-dev libgnomevfs2-extra libgnupg-interface-perl libgnutls-dev libgnutls26 libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common libgomp1 libgpg-error-dev libgpg-error0 libgpgme11 libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgpm2 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgraph4 libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgsl0ldbl libgsm0710-0 libgsm1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssglue1 libgssrpc4 libgstbuzztard0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0-dbg libgstreamer0.10-dev libgtk-vnc-1.0-0 libgtk2-perl libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-cil libgtk2.0-common libgtk2.0-dev libgtk2.0-doc libgtkglext1 libgtkhtml3.14-19 libgtkimageview0 libgtkmathview0c2a libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a libgtkmm-2.4-dev libgtop2-7 libgtop2-common libgtop2-dev libguard-perl libgudev-1.0-0 libguile-ltdl-1 libgutenprint2 libgvc5 libgweather-common libhal-dev libhal-storage1 libhal1 libhamlib2 libhpmud0 libhsqldb-java libhtml-packer-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tableextract-perl libhtml-tagcloud-perl libhtml-template-expr-perl libhtml-template-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhtml-treebuilder-xpath-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libhx509-5-heimdal libhyphen0 libical0 libice-dev libice6 libicu44 libicu4j-java libidl-dev libidl0 libidn11 libidn11-dev libieee1284-3 libijs-0.35 libilmbase6 libimage-exif-perl libimage-exiftool-perl libio-pty-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libio-stringy-perl libio-stty-perl libipc-run-perl libiptcdata0 libisc62 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libisofs6 libiw30 libjack0 libjasper1 libjavascript-minifier-xs-perl libjavascript-packer-perl libjaxp1.3-java libjaxp1.3-java-gcj libjbig2dec0 libjline-java libjpeg-progs libjpeg62 libjpeg8 libjs-jquery libjs-yui libjson-any-perl libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libjtidy-java libk5crypto3 libkadm5clnt-mit7 libkadm5srv-mit7 libkate1 libkdb5-4 libkeyutils1 libklibc libkms1 libkrb5-26-heimdal libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libktoblzcheck1c2a liblapack3gf liblcms1 libldap-2.4-2 liblink-grammar4 liblircclient0 liblist-moreutils-perl liblocale-gettext-perl liblocales-perl liblockfile1 liblog-dispatch-perl liblog4c3 liblog4cxx10 libloudmouth1-0 liblouis-data liblouis2 liblqr-1-0 libltdl-dev libltdl7 liblua5.1-0 liblua5.1-0-dev liblucene2-java liblwres60 liblzo2-2 libmad0 libmagic1 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Somalia's chief exports appear to be morally-ambiguous Salon articles about piracy and sophomoric evidence against libertarianism. However, it is the former topic that Captain Phillips concerns itself with, inspired by the hijacking of the Maersk Alabama container ship in 2009.
What is truth? In the end, Captain Phillips does not rise above Pontius Pilate in providing an answer, but it certainly tries using more refined instruments than irony or leaden sarcasm.
This motif pervades the film. Obviously, it is based on a "true story" and brings aboard that baggage, but it also permeates the plot in a much deeper sense. For example, Phillips and the US Navy lie almost compulsively to the pirates, whilst the pirates only really lie once (where they put Phillips in greater danger).
Notice further that Phillips only starts to tell the truth when he thinks all hope is lost. These telling observations become even more fascinating when you realise that they must be based on the testimony of the, well, liars. Clearly, deception is a weapon to be monopolised and there are few limits on what good guys can or should lie about if they believe they can save lives.
Even Phillip's nickname ("Irish") is a falsehood he straight-up admits he is an American citizen.
The racist idea that Africans prefer an AK-47 rotated about the Z-axis is socially constructed.
The drone footage: I'd love to write an essay about how Call of Duty might have influenced (or even be) cinema.
Somalia's chief exports appear to be morally-ambiguous Salon articles about piracy and sophomoric evidence against libertarianism. However, it is the former topic that Captain Phillips concerns itself with, inspired by the hijacking of the Maersk Alabama container ship in 2009.
What is truth? In the end, Captain Phillips does not rise above Pontius Pilate in providing an answer, but it certainly tries using more refined instruments than irony or leaden sarcasm.
This motif pervades the film. Obviously, it is based on a "true story" and brings aboard all that well-travelled baggage, but it also permeates the plot in a much deeper sense. For example, Phillips and the US Navy lie almost compulsively to the pirates, whilst the pirates only really lie once where they put Phillips in greater danger.
Notice further that Phillips only starts to tell the truth when he thinks all hope is lost. These telling observations become even more fascinating when you realise that they must be based on the testimony of the, well, liars. Clearly, deception is a weapon to be monopolised and there are few limits on what good guys can or should lie about if they believe they can save lives.
Even Phillip's nickname ("Irish") is a falsehood he straight-up admits he is an American citizen.
The racist idea that Africans prefer a AK-47 rotated about the Z-axis is socially constructed.
The drone footage: I'd love to read (or write) an essay about how Call of Duty might have influenced cinema.
Next.