Spring in the prairie is a bit of an odd thing this year. Here and there, near ditches and creeks, a short, soft blanket of lush green grass covers the ground. A few feet away, patches of green are visible between the brown shoots of last year s grass. Some trees are already turning green, purple, red, and white, while others stand still and brown, stubbornly insisting that spring is not here yet. To look at the thermometer may not be much guide either; two days after the temperature was nearly 90, we woke to see a dusting of snow on the ground. It s been dry, terribly try in Kansas. Grass next to a gravel driveway or road often has a chalkish layer of dust on it, kicked up by passing cars or even a stiff wind. The earth thirsts. It is somehow fitting to celebrate Easter, that spring holiday, in the midst of the dry ground, to remember that water is not the only thing that can quench thirst. Easter morning began sleepily, as we got up early to head to a sunrise service. It was in a pasture just outside a small Kansas town, and we gathered there at about 6:15, wearing only light jackets against the breeze. A fire was burning, and there was water on hand to quickly douse any grass that caught first that wasn t supposed to and it was occasionally used. I was doing the prelude for the service, playing on my penny whistle. I enjoyed being able to do that, and was glad that the wind was calm enough that it didn t interfere too much with the music. We sang some hymns, listened to some Bible readings, and just stood in silence, listening to the crackle of the fire, some country dogs playing, and watching the sky to the east transform as the sun came up. Then it was on to church for breakfast, and a break before the Easter service the pipe organ ringing, piano playing with it, and deep trombone and full sanctuary of people singing our 4-part Easter hymns celebrating the day. Laura had the idea of pinning carnations onto the cross, and we got to watch everyone come up and add theirs. Jacob and Oliver enjoyed the sunrise service. They decided they would keep a watchful eye on the first and the dogs, they enjoyed muffins at breakfast and playing in the church after that. But if you are 4 or 7, what is Easter without an Easter egg hunt? And they got in several. Laura and I hid some eggs around the yard. Jacob asked me to use a radio to tell them when the eggs were ready. Here they are, bounding out the door to begin the hunt! And, of course, if you are 4 or 7 and have a geek for a dad, you will naturally think to bring radios with you to the next hunt. To tell your brother what you re finding, of course. It was a good weekend, and in fact, Jacob even volunteered to put up a wet floor sign after he spilled some water: On the last car ride of the day, Jacob decided he would write a story about his Easter. He decided he would publish a big book, and be a famous author and make other children happy. Oliver, of course, decided he needed an Easter story also. We couldn t very well publish a book in the car, but I did manage to use my phone to capture their stories. It s been a long and busy week, but there is much to be joyful about, even when tired.

Review: Hyperbole and a Half, by Allie Brosh

Publisher:	Touchstone
Copyright:	November 2013
ISBN:	1-4767-6459-X
Format:	Graphic novel
Pages:	373

It's fundamentally pointless to write this review. Some number of you have already heard of Hyperbole and a Half. Most of that group already own this book and are only reading this review so that you can remember how much fun you had reading it. But, even better, you could just stop reading this review and go read the book again. Some of you who have heard of Hyperbole and a Half didn't know that Allie Brosh had published a book. If that's you, you're probably not reading this review any more, since you're now at your favorite book seller buying a copy of the book, rendering the review somewhat pointless. For those of you who have not heard of Hyperbole and a Half, there's no need to read a review, because it's a blog. So, rather than reading this review, you can just follow that link and read it for yourself. If you find yourself laughing uncontrollably (and occasionally crying) and going "where can I get more of this?", well, there's a book. Which you could have also found out from the blog itself. Like I said, not much point. If you read the blog and don't particularly care for it, well, I greatly respect your position. The diversity of taste in the human race is what leads to our wonderful variety of culture, philosophy, and art, and I appreciate your substantial contribution to that diversity. However, you should now make a mental note to never trust my humor recommendations, and you shouldn't let this review change your mind. But, since I'm here, I may as well write a review anyway. Hyperbole and a Half is, as mentioned, a blog by Allie Brosh. Most of the posts are quite long and substantial and in the form of cartoons mixed with text, usually (but not always) telling some sort of story. The cartoon style is what is often called "MS Paint," meaning that it looks like something drawn in Microsoft Paint with its most basic tools. (Other examples of this style are the Oatmeal and Homestuck, although Brosh stays consistently with a rawer art style than either of those.) It looks extremely simple, like child drawings (and early childhood inspires much of Brosh's material), but once one gets used to it, one realizes that Brosh gets amazing expressiveness and character out of the art style. As an aside, yes, I am wholeheartedly recommending a book that is full of material about young children. Brosh is that good. The subtitle of this book is "unfortunate situations, flawed coping mechanisms, mayhem, and other things that happened," and it's mostly based on (exaggerated) incidents that occurred in Brosh's life. Most of them are hilarious. Some of them are both hilarious and stunning psychological insights. She has an amazing knack for storytelling and for exaggerating just the right moments of the story, or summing up emotions in a wonderful turn of phrase or a picture. She's also amazingly good at telling embarrassing stories about herself in a way that makes you empathize rather than just cringe, and then come away feeling like you understand both her and yourself better. If you've wandered around the Internet much, you have probably run across the phrase "clean ALL the things!" and the corresponding picture. That's from Hyperbole and a Half (specifically, "This is Why I'll Never Be an Adult") and is included in this book (improved; see below). It's even better in context. But, beyond storytelling, the other thing Brosh is amazingly good at is capturing internal mental states and emotions in a way that the reader understands and those who have experienced the emotion immediately go "yes, THAT." The apex of this is her two-part post on depression, which is hands-down the best description of depression that I've ever read. That judgment has been echoed by multiple friends of mine with depression. And yes, both of those posts are included in the book as well, although you can also read them on the web. As you've probably noticed, this book is partly a collection of material that's freely available on the web. Unlike some web comics collections, it's not entirely a reprint collection; there are entirely new stories here (which for me was enough by itself to buy the book). Brosh's post on the book says that it's about 50% new material. But the ones that aren't original have been edited and improved, sometimes substantially. For example, I did a quick comparison of the book version with the web version of "This is Why I'll Never be an Adult" and found Brosh redrew all of the cartoons for the story. The book is also gorgeous, if you care about such things like I do: high quality paper, thick pages, vibrant colors, and a comfortable heft to the hardcover version. It's the sort of book that feels like it will survive for decades, which is good since I intend to re-read it for decades. Brosh has a lot of material on-line, so obviously only a small fraction made it into the book and there's more to discover on the blog. I can particularly recommend "The Alot is Better Than You at Everything" and "Boyfriend Doesn't Have Ebola. Probably.". The latter, which is mostly about creating a better pain scale, is my favorite from the blog that didn't make it into the book. And there are two more examples of the sort of thing that you'll getting here. So ends the probably pointless review. I absolutely adore Hyperbole and a Half. It is my favorite web comic, even surpassing XKCD, which is saying something. Even if there were no material, I would have bought this book in hardcover to support Brosh and to have a high-quality printing of the blog posts. The reworkings and improvements of the republished material and the brand new additions are just bonuses. But there's no need to take my word for it; the best possible advertisement for Brosh's work is on-line, from which you can easily determine if you'll enjoy this book as much as I did. Even the back cover and the inside flaps are awesome. Rating: 10 out of 10

A while back I mented github-backed DNS hosting. Turns out NameCast.net does that already, and there is an interesting writeup on the design of something similar, from the same authors in 2009. Fun to read. In other news applying for jobs is a painful annoyance. Should anybody wish to employ an Edinburgh-based system administrator, with a good Debian record, then please do shout at me. Remote work is an option, as is a local office, if you're nearby. Now I need to go hide from the sun, lest I get burned again... Good news? Going on holiday to Helsinki in a week or so, for Vappu. Anybody local who wants me should feel free to grab me, via the appropriate channels.

In 2007 I wrote a blog post about swap space [1]. The main point of that article was to debunk the claim that Linux needs a swap space twice as large as main memory (in summary such advice is based on BSD Unix systems and has never applied to Linux and that most storage devices aren t fast enough for large swap). That post was picked up by Barrapunto (Spanish Slashdot) and became one of the most popular posts I ve written [2]. In the past 7 years things have changed. Back then 2G of RAM was still a reasonable amount and 4G was a lot for a desktop system or laptop. Now there are even phones with 3G of RAM, 4G is about the minimum for any new desktop or laptop, and desktop/laptop systems with 16G aren t that uncommon. Another significant development is the use of SSDs which dramatically improve speed for some operations (mainly seeks). As SATA SSDs for desktop use start at about $110 I think it s safe to assume that everyone who wants a fast desktop system has one. As a major limiting factor in swap use is the seek performance of the storage the use of SSDs should allow greater swap use. My main desktop system has 4G of RAM (it s an older Intel 64bit system and doesn t support more) and has 4G of swap space on an Intel SSD. My work flow involves having dozens of Chromium tabs open at the same time, usually performance starts to drop when I get to about 3.5G of swap in use. While SSD generally has excellent random IO performance the contiguous IO performance often isn t much better than hard drives. My Intel SSDSC2CT12 300i 128G can do over 5000 random seeks per second but for sustained contiguous filesystem IO can only do 225M/s for writes and 274M/s for reads. The contiguous IO performance is less than twice as good as a cheap 3TB SATA disk. It also seems that the performance of SSDs aren t as consistent as that of hard drives, when a hard drive delivers a certain level of performance then it can generally do so 24*7 but a SSD will sometimes reduce performance to move blocks around (the erase block size is usually a lot larger than the filesystem block size). It s obvious that SSDs allow significantly better swap performance and therefore make it viable to run a system with more swap in use but that doesn t allow unlimited swap. Even when using programs like Chromium (which seems to allocate huge amounts of RAM that aren t used much) it doesn t seem viable to have swap be much bigger than 4G on a system with 4G of RAM. Now I could buy another SSD and use two swap spaces for double the overall throughput (which would still be cheaper than buying a PC that supports 8G of RAM), but that still wouldn t solve all problems. One issue I have been having on occasion is BTRFS failing to allocate kernel memory when managing snapshots. I m not sure if this would be solved by adding more RAM as it could be an issue of RAM fragmentation I won t file a bug report about this until some of the other BTRFS bugs are fixed. Another problem I have had is when running Minecraft the driver for my ATI video card fails to allocate contiguous kernel memory, this is one that almost certainly wouldn t be solved by just adding more swap but might be solved if I tweaked the kernel to be more aggressive about swapping out data. In 2007 when using hard drives for swap I found that the maximum space that could be used with reasonable performance for typical desktop operations was something less than 2G. Now with a SSD the limit for usable swap seems to be something like 4G on a system with 4G of RAM. On a system with only 2G of RAM that might allow the system to be usable with swap being twice as large as RAM, but with the amounts of RAM in modern PCs it seems that even SSD doesn t allow using a swap space larger than RAM for typical use unless it s being used for hibernation. Conclusion It seems that nothing has significantly changed in the last 7 years. We have more RAM, faster storage, and applications that are more memory hungry. The end result is that swap still isn t very usable for anything other than hibernation if it s larger than RAM. It would be nice if application developers could stop increasing the use of RAM. Currently it seems that the RAM requirements for Linux desktop use are about 3 years behind the RAM requirements for Windows. This is convenient as a PC is fully depreciated according to the tax office after 3 years. This makes it easy to get 3 year old PCs cheaply (or sometimes for free as rubbish) which work really well for Linux. But it would be nice if we could be 4 or 5 years behind Windows in terms of hardware requirements to reduce the hardware requirements for Linux users even further.

• [1] http://etbe.coker.com.au/2007/09/28/swap-space/
• [2] http://barrapunto.com/articles/07/09/28/0947220.shtml

Early this month at a LUV meeting I gave a talk with only my mobile phone to store notes. I used Google Keep to write the notes as it s one of the easiest ways of writing a note on a PC and quickly transferring it to a phone if I keep doing this I will find some suitable free software for this task. Owncloud seems promising [1], but at the moment I m more concerned with people issues than software. Over the years I ve experimented with different ways of presenting lectures. I m now working with the theory that presenting the same data twice (by speaking and text on a projector) distracts the audience and decreases learning. Editing and Viewing Notes Google Keep is adequate for maintaining notes, it s based on notes that are a list of items (like a shopping list) which is fine for lecture notes. It probably has lots of other functionality but I don t care much about that. Keep is really fast at updating notes, I can commit a change on my laptop and have it visible on my phone in a few seconds over 3G. Most of the lectures that I ve given have involved notes on a laptop. My first laptop was a Thinkpad 385XD with a 12.1 display and all my subsequent laptops have had a bigger screen. When a laptop with a 12 or larger screen is on a lectern I can see the notes at a glance without having to lean forward when 15 or fewer lines of text are displayed on the screen. 15 lines of text is about the maximum that can be displayed on a slide for the audience to read and with the width of a computer display or projector is enough for a reasonable quantity of text. When I run Keep on my Galaxy Note 2 it displays about 20 rather short lines of text in a portrait orientation (5 points for a lecture) and 11 slightly longer lines in a landscape orientation (4 points). In both cases the amount of text displayed on a screen is less than that with a laptop while the font is a lot smaller. My aim is to use free software for everything, so when I replace Keep with Owncloud (or something similar) I will probably have some options for changing the font size. But that means having less than 5 points displayed on screen at a time and thus a change in the way I present my talks (I generally change the order of points based on how well the audience seem to get the concepts so seeing multiple points on screen at the same time is a benefit). The Samsung Galaxy Note 2 has a 5.5 display which is one of the largest displays available in a phone. The Sony Xperia X Ultra is one of the few larger phones with a 6.44 display that s a large phone but still not nearly large enough to have more than a few points on screen with a font readable by someone with average vision while it rests on a lectern. The most obvious solution to the problem of text size is to use a tablet. Modern 10 tablets have resolutions ranging from 1920*1080 to 2560*1600 and should be more readable than the Thinkpad I used in 1998 which had a 12 800*600 display. Another possibility that I m considering is using an old phone, a Samsung Galaxy S weighs 118 to 155 grams and is easier to hold up than a Galaxy Note 2 which weighs 180g. While 60g doesn t seem like much difference if I m going to hold a phone in front of me for most of an hour the smaller and lighter phone will be easier and maybe less distracting for the audience. Distributing URLs When I give a talk I often want to share the addresses of relevant web sites with the audience. When I give a talk with the traditional style lecture notes I just put the URLs on the final page (sometimes using tinyurl.com) for people to copy during question time. When I use a phone I have to find another way. I did a test with QR code recognition and found that a code that takes up most of the width of the screen of my Galaxy Note 2 can be recognised by a Galaxy S at a distance of 50cm. If I ran the same software on a 10 tablet then it would probably be readable at a distance of a meter, if I had the QR code take up the entire screen on a tablet it might be readable at 1.5m away, so it doesn t seem plausible to hold up a tablet and allow even the first few rows of the audience to decode a QR code. Even if newer phones have better photographic capabilities than the Galaxy S that I had available for testing there are still lots of people using old phones who I want to support. I think that if QR codes are to be used they have to be usable by at least the first three rows of the audience for a small audience of maybe 50 people as that would allow everyone who s interested to quickly get in range and scan the code at the end. Chris Samuel has a photo (taken at the same meeting) showing how a QR code from a phone could be distributed to a room [2]. But that won t work for all rooms. One option is to just have the QR code on my phone and allow audience members to scan it after the lecture. As most members of the audience won t want the URLs it should be possible for the interested people to queue up to scan the QR code(s). Another possibility I m considering is to use a temporary post on my documents blog (which isn t syndicated) for URLs. The WordPress client for Android works reasonably well so I could edit the URL list at any time. That would work reasonably well for talks that have lots of URLs which is quite rare for me. A final option is to use Twitter, at the end of a talk I could just tweet the URLs with suitable descriptions. A good portion of the Tweets that I have written is URLs for web sites that I find interesting so this isn t a change. This is probably the easiest option, but with the usual caveat of using a proprietary service as an interim measure until I get a free software alternative working. Any suggestions? Please comment if you have any ideas about ways of addressing these issues. Also please let me know if anyone is working on a distributed Twitter replacement. Please note that anything which doesn t support followers on multiple servers and re-tweets and tweeting to users on other servers isn t useful in this regard.

• [1] https://owncloud.com/
• [2] http://tinyurl.com/nww3wu4

I've taken over "maintaining" DVswitch from Ben Hutchings a few years ago, since Ben realized he didn't have the time anymore to work on it well. After a number of years, I have to admit that I haven't done a very good job. Not becase I didn't want to work on it, but mainly because I don't have enough time to fix DVswitch against the numerous moving targets that it uses; the APIs of libav and of liblivemedia are fluent enough that just making sure everything remains compilable and in working order is quite a job. DVswitch is used by many people; DebConf, FOSDEM, and the CCC are just a few examples, but I know of at least three more. Most of these (apart from DebConf and FOSDEM) maintain local patches which I've been wanting to merge into the upstream version of dvswitch. However, my time is limited, and over the past few years I've not been able to get dvswitch into a state where I confidently felt I could upload it into Debian unstable for a release. One step we took in order to get that closer was to remove the liblivemedia dependency (which implied removing the support for RTSP sources). Unfortunately, the resulting situation wasn't good enough yet, since libav had changed API enough that current versions of DVswitch compiled against current versions of libav will segfault if you try to do anything useful. I must admit to myself that I don't have the time and/or skill set to maintain DVswitch on an acceptable level all by myself. So, this is a call for help: If you're using DVswitch for your conference and want to continue doing so, please talk to us. The first things we'll need to do:

• Massage the code back into working order (when compiled against current libav)
• Fix my buildbot instance so that my grand plan of having nightly build/test runs against libav master actually works.
• Merge patches from the suse and CCC people that look nice
• Properly release dvswitch 0.9 (or maybe 1.0?)
• Party!

See you there?

I ordered some alginate the other day, and it arrived yesterday, but we were out, so I had to pick it up from the post office this morning. Anshu and I picked it up before Zoe was dropped off. We had a couple of attempts at making some, but didn't quite get the ratios or the quantity right, and we were too slow, so we'll have to try again. The plan is to try and make a cast of Zoe's hand, since we were messing around with plaster of Paris recently. I've found a good Instructable to try and follow. Nana and her dragon boating team were competing in the Australian Dragon Boat Championships over Easter, and her first race was today. It also ended up that today was the best day to try and go and watch, so when she called to say her first race would be around noon, I quickly decided we should jump in the car and head up to Kawana Waters. We abandoned the alginate, and I slapped together a picnic lunch for Zoe and I, and we bid Anshu farewell and drove up. Zoe's fever seemed to break yesterday afternoon after Sarah picked her up, and she slept well, but despite all that, she napped in the car on the way up, which was highly unusual, but helped pass the time. She woke up when we arrived. I managed to get a car park not too far from the finish line, and we managed to find Nana, whose team was about the enter the marshaling area. Her boat was closest to the shore we were watching from, and her boat came second in their qualifying round for the 200 metre race, meaning they went straight through to the semi-finals. The semi-finals were going to be much later, and I wanted to capitalise on the fact that we were going to have to drive right past my Mum and Dad's place on the way home to try and see my sister and her family, since we missed them on Monday. We headed back after lunch and a little bit of splashing around in the lake, and ended up staying for dinner at Mum and Dad's. Zoe had a great time catching up with her cousin Emma, and fooling around with Grandpa and Uncle Michael. She got to bed a little bit late by the time we got home, but I'm hopeful she'll sleep well tonight.

Sarah dropped Zoe around this morning at about 8:30am. She was still a bit feverish, but otherwise in good spirits, so I decided to stick with my plan for today, which was a tour of the Port of Brisbane. Originally the plan had been to do it with Megan and her Dad, Jason, but Jason had some stuff to work on on his house, so I offered to take Megan with us to allow him more time to work on the house uninterrupted. I was casting around for something to do to pass the time until Jason dropped Megan off at 10:30am, and I thought we could do some foot painting. We searched high and low for something I could use as a foot washing bucket, other than the mop bucket, which I didn't want to use because of potential chemical residue. I gave up because I couldn't anything suitable, and we watched a bit of TV instead. Jason dropped Megan around, and we immediately jumped in the car and headed out to the Port. I missed the on ramp for the M4 from Lytton Road, and so we took the slightly longer Lytton Road route, which was fine, because we had plenty of time to kill. The plan was to get there for about 11:30am, have lunch in the observation cafe on the top floor of the visitor's centre building, and then get on the tour bus at 12:30pm. We ended up arriving much earlier than 11:30am, so we looked around the foyer of the visitor's centre for a bit. It was quite a nice building. The foyer area had some displays, but the most interesting thing (for the girls) was an interactive webcam of the shore bird roost across the street. There was a tablet where you could control the camera and zoom in and out on the birds roosting on a man-made island. That passed the time nicely. One of the staff also gave the girls Easter eggs as we arrived. We went up to the cafe for lunch next. The view was quite good from the 7th floor. On one side you could look out over the bay, notably Saint Helena Island, and on the other side you got quite a good view of the port operations and the container park. Lunch didn't take all that long, and the girls were getting a bit rowdy, running around the cafe, so we headed back downstairs to kill some more time looking at the shore birds with the webcam, and then we boarded the bus. It was just the three of us and three other adults, which was good. The girls were pretty fidgety, and I don't think they got that much out of it. The tour didn't really go anywhere that you couldn't go yourself in your own car, but you did get running commentary from the driver, which made all the difference. The girls spent the first 5 minutes trying to figure out where his voice was coming from (he was wired up with a microphone). The thing I found most interesting about the port operations was the amount of automation. There were three container terminals, and the two operated by DP World and Hutchinson Ports employed fully automated overhead cranes for moving containers around. Completely unmanned, they'd go pick a container from the stack and place it on a waiting truck below. What I found even more fascinating was the Patrick terminal, which used fully automated straddle carriers, which would, completely autonomously move about the container park, pick up a container, and then move over to a waiting truck in the loading area and place it on the truck. There were 27 of these things moving around the container park at a fairly decent clip. Of course the girls didn't really appreciate any of this, and half way through the tour Megan was busting to go to the toilet, despite going before we started the tour. I was worried about her having an accident before we got back, she didn't, so it was all good. I'd say in terms of a successful excursion, I'd score it about a 4 out of 10, because the girls didn't really enjoy the bus tour all that much. I was hoping we'd see more ships, but there weren't many (if any) in port today. They did enjoy the overall outing. Megan spontaneously thanked me as we were leaving, which was sweet. We picked up the blank cake I'd ordered from Woolworths on the way through on the way home, and then dropped Megan off. Zoe wanted to play, so we hung around for a little while before returning home. Zoe watched a bit more TV while we waited for Sarah to pick her up. Her fever picked up a bit more in the afternoon, but she was still very perky.

Yesterday's release of RcppBDT 0.2.3 lead to an odd build error. If one used at the same time a 32-bit OS, a compiler as recent as g++ 4.7 and the Boost 1.54.0 headers (directly or via the BH package) then the file lexical_cast.hpp barked and failed to compile for lack of an 128-bit integer (which is not a surprise on a 32-bit OS). After looking at this for a bit, and looking at some related bug report, I came up with a simple fix (which I mentioned in an update to the RcppBDT 0.2.3 release post). Sleeping over it, and comparing to the Boost 1.55 file, showed that the hunch was right, and I have since made a new release 1.54.0-2 of the BH package which contains the fix.

Changes in version 1.54.0-2 (2014-04-14)

• Bug fix to lexical_cast.hpp which now uses the test for INT128 which the rest of Boost uses, consistent with Boost 1.55 too.

Courtesy of CRANberries, there is also a diffstat report for the most recent release. Comments and suggestions are welcome via the mailing list or issue tracker at the GitHub repo.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

We had some requests to get GHC (the Glasgow Haskell Compiler) up and running on two new Ubuntu architectures: arm64, added in 13.10, and ppc64el, added in 14.04. This has been something of a saga, and has involved rather more late-night hacking than is probably good for me. Book the First: Recalled to a life of strange build systems You might not know it from the sheer bulk of uploads I do sometimes, but I actually don't speak a word of Haskell and it's not very high up my list of things to learn. But I am a pretty experienced build engineer, and I enjoy porting things to new architectures: I'm firmly of the belief that breadth of architecture support is a good way to shake out certain categories of issues in code, that it's worth doing aggressively across an entire distribution, and that, even if you don't think you need something now, new requirements have a habit of coming along when you least expect them and you might as well be prepared in advance. Furthermore, it annoys me when we have excessive noise in our build failure and proposed-migration output and I often put bits and pieces of spare time into gardening miscellaneous problems there, and at one point there was a lot of Haskell stuff on the list and it got a bit annoying to have to keep sending patches rather than just fixing things myself, and ... well, I ended up as probably the only non-Haskell-programmer on the Debian Haskell team and found myself fixing problems there in my free time. Life is a bit weird sometimes. Bootstrapping packages on a new architecture is a bit of a black art that only a fairly small number of relatively bitter and twisted people know very much about. Doing it in Ubuntu is specifically painful because we've always forbidden direct binary uploads: all binaries have to come from a build daemon. Compilers in particular often tend to be written in the language they compile, and it's not uncommon for them to build-depend on themselves: that is, you need a previous version of the compiler to build the compiler, stretching back to the dawn of time where somebody put things together with a big magnet or something. So how do you get started on a new architecture? Well, what we do in this case is we construct a binary somehow (usually involving cross-compilation) and insert it as a build-dependency for a proper build in Launchpad. The ability to do this is restricted to a small group of Canonical employees, partly because it's very easy to make mistakes and partly because things like the classic "Reflections on Trusting Trust" are in the backs of our minds somewhere. We have an iron rule for our own sanity that the injected build-dependencies must themselves have been built from the unmodified source package in Ubuntu, although there can be source modifications further back in the chain. Fortunately, we don't need to do this very often, but it does mean that as somebody who can do it I feel an obligation to try and unblock other people where I can. As far as constructing those build-dependencies goes, sometimes we look for binaries built by other distributions (particularly Debian), and that's pretty straightforward. In this case, though, these two architectures are pretty new and the Debian ports are only just getting going, and as far as I can tell none of the other distributions with active arm64 or ppc64el ports (or trivial name variants) has got as far as porting GHC yet. Well, OK. This was somewhere around the Christmas holidays and I had some time. Muggins here cracks his knuckles and decides to have a go at bootstrapping it from scratch. It can't be that hard, right? Not to mention that it was a blocker for over 600 entries on that build failure list I mentioned, which is definitely enough to make me sit up and take notice; we'd even had the odd customer request for it. Several attempts later and I was starting to doubt my sanity, not least for trying in the first place. We ship GHC 7.6, and upgrading to 7.8 is not a project I'd like to tackle until the much more experienced Haskell folks in Debian have switched to it in unstable. The porting documentation for 7.6 has bitrotted more or less beyond usability, and the corresponding documentation for 7.8 really isn't backportable to 7.6. I tried building 7.8 for ppc64el anyway, picking that on the basis that we had quicker hardware for it and didn't seem likely to be particularly more arduous than arm64 (ho ho), and I even got to the point of having a cross-built stage2 compiler (stage1, in the cross-building case, is a GHC binary that runs on your starting architecture and generates code for your target architecture) that I could copy over to a ppc64el box and try to use as the base for a fully-native build, but it segfaulted incomprehensibly just after spawning any child process. Compilers tend to do rather a lot, especially when they're built to use GCC to generate object code, so this was a pretty serious problem, and it resisted analysis. I poked at it for a while but didn't get anywhere, and I had other things to do so declared it a write-off and gave up. Book the Second: The golden thread of progress In March, another mailing list conversation prodded me into finding a blog entry by Karel Gardas on building GHC for arm64. This was enough to be worth another look, and indeed it turned out that (with some help from Karel in private mail) I was able to cross-build a compiler that actually worked and could be used to run a fully-native build that also worked. Of course this was 7.8, since as I mentioned cross-building 7.6 is unrealistically difficult unless you're considerably more of an expert on GHC's labyrinthine build system than I am. OK, no problem, right? Getting a GHC at all is the hard bit, and 7.8 must be at least as capable as 7.6, so it should be able to build 7.6 easily enough ... Not so much. What I'd missed here was that compiler engineers generally only care very much about building the compiler with older versions of itself, and if the language in question has any kind of deprecation cycle then the compiler itself is likely to be behind on various things compared to more typical code since it has to be buildable with older versions. This means that the removal of some deprecated interfaces from 7.8 posed a problem, as did some changes in certain primops that had gained an associated compatibility layer in 7.8 but nobody had gone back to put the corresponding compatibility layer into 7.6. GHC supports running Haskell code through the C preprocessor, and there's a __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ definition with the compiler's version number, so this was just a slog tracking down changes in git and adding #ifdef-guarded code that coped with the newer compiler (remembering that stage1 will be built with 7.8 and stage2 with stage1, i.e. 7.6, from the same source tree). More inscrutably, GHC has its own packaging system called Cabal which is also used by the compiler build process to determine which subpackages to build and how to link them against each other, and some crucial subpackages weren't being built: it looked like it was stuck on picking versions from "stage0" (i.e. the initial compiler used as an input to the whole process) when it should have been building its own. Eventually I figured out that this was because GHC's use of its packaging system hadn't anticipated this case, and was selecting the higher version of the ghc package itself from stage0 rather than the version it was about to build for itself, and thus never actually tried to build most of the compiler. Editing ghc_stage1_DEPS in ghc/stage1/package-data.mk after its initial generation sorted this out. One late night building round and round in circles for a while until I had something stable, and a Debian source upload to add basic support for the architecture name (and other changes which were a bit over the top in retrospect: I didn't need to touch the embedded copy of libffi, as we build with the system one), and I was able to feed this all into Launchpad and watch the builders munch away very satisfyingly at the Haskell library stack for a while. This was all interesting, and finally all that work was actually paying off in terms of getting to watch a slew of several hundred build failures vanish from arm64 (the final count was something like 640, I think). The fly in the ointment was that ppc64el was still blocked, as the problem there wasn't building 7.6, it was getting a working 7.8. But now I really did have other much more urgent things to do, so I figured I just wouldn't get to this by release time and stuck it on the figurative shelf. Book the Third: The track of a bug Then, last Friday, I cleared out my urgent pile and thought I'd have another quick look. (I get a bit obsessive about things like this that smell of "interesting intellectual puzzle".) slyfox on the #ghc IRC channel gave me some general debugging advice and, particularly usefully, a reduced example program that I could use to debug just the process-spawning problem without having to wade through noise from running the rest of the compiler. I reproduced the same problem there, and then found that the program crashed earlier (in stg_ap_0_fast, part of the run-time system) if I compiled it with +RTS -Da -RTS. I nailed it down to a small enough region of assembly that I could see all of the assembly, the source code, and an intermediate representation or two from the compiler, and then started meditating on what makes ppc64el special. You see, the vast majority of porting bugs come down to what I might call gross properties of the architecture. You have things like whether it's 32-bit or 64-bit, big-endian or little-endian, whether char is signed or unsigned, that sort of thing. There's a big table on the Debian wiki that handily summarises most of the important ones. Sometimes you have to deal with distribution-specific things like whether GL or GLES is used; often, especially for new variants of existing architectures, you have to cope with foolish configure scripts that think they can guess certain things from the architecture name and get it wrong (assuming that powerpc* means big-endian, for instance). We often have to update config.guess and config.sub, and on ppc64el we have the additional hassle of updating libtool macros too. But I've done a lot of this stuff and I'd accounted for everything I could think of. ppc64el is actually a lot like amd64 in terms of many of these porting-relevant properties, and not even that far off arm64 which I'd just successfully ported GHC to, so I couldn't be dealing with anything particularly obvious. There was some hand-written assembly which certainly could have been problematic, but I'd carefully checked that this wasn't being used by the "unregisterised" (no specialised machine dependencies, so relatively easy to port but not well-optimised) build I was using. A problem around spawning processes suggested a problem with SIGCHLD handling, but I ruled that out by slowing down the first child process that it spawned and using strace to confirm that SIGSEGV was the first signal received. What on earth was the problem? From some painstaking gdb work, one thing I eventually noticed was that stg_ap_0_fast's local stack appeared to be being corrupted by a function call, specifically a call to the colourfully-named debugBelch. Now, when IBM's toolchain engineers were putting together ppc64el based on ppc64, they took the opportunity to fix a number of problems with their ABI: there's an OpenJDK bug with a handy list of references. One of the things I noticed there was that there were some stack allocation optimisations in the new ABI, which affected functions that don't call any vararg functions and don't call any functions that take enough parameters that some of them have to be passed on the stack rather than in registers. debugBelch takes varargs: hmm. Now, the calling code isn't quite in C as such, but in a related dialect called "Cmm", a variant of C-- (yes, minus), that GHC uses to help bridge the gap between the functional world and its code generation, and which is compiled down to C by GHC. When importing C functions into Cmm, GHC generates prototypes for them, but it doesn't do enough parsing to work out the true prototype; instead, they all just get something like extern StgFunPtr f(void);. In most architectures you can get away with this, because the arguments get passed in the usual calling convention anyway and it all works out, but on ppc64el this means that the caller doesn't generate enough stack space and then the callee tries to save its varargs onto the stack in an area that in fact belongs to the caller, and suddenly everything goes south. Things were starting to make sense. Now, debugBelch is only used in optional debugging code; but runInteractiveProcess (the function associated with the initial round of failures) takes no fewer than twelve arguments, plenty to force some of them onto the stack. I poked around the GCC patch for this ABI change a bit and determined that it only optimised away the stack allocation if it had a full prototype for all the callees, so I guessed that changing those prototypes to extern StgFunPtr f(); might work: it's still technically wrong, not least because omitting the parameter list is an obsolescent feature in C11, but it's at least just omitting information about the parameter list rather than actively lying about it. I tweaked that and ran the cross-build from scratch again. Lo and behold, suddenly I had a working compiler, and I could go through the same build-7.6-using-7.8 procedure as with arm64, much more quickly this time now that I knew what I was doing. One upstream bug, one Debian upload, and several bootstrapping builds later, and GHC was up and running on another architecture in Launchpad. Success! Epilogue There's still more to do. I gather there may be a Google Summer of Code project in Linaro to write proper native code generation for GHC on arm64: this would make things a good deal faster, but also enable GHCi (the interpreter) and Template Haskell, and thus clear quite a few more build failures. Since there's already native code generation for ppc64 in GHC, getting it going for ppc64el would probably only be a couple of days' work at this point. But these are niceties by comparison, and I'm more than happy with what I got working for 14.04. The upshot of all of this is that I may be the first non-Haskell-programmer to ever port GHC to two entirely new architectures. I'm not sure if I gain much from that personally aside from a lot of lost sleep and being considered extremely strange. It has, however, been by far the most challenging set of packages I've ported, and a fascinating trip through some odd corners of build systems and undefined behaviour that I don't normally need to touch.

This is half a blog post and half a reminder for my future self. So let's say you used the following commands:

git add foo
git annex add bar
git annex sync
# move to different location with different remotes available
git add quux
git annex add quuux
git annex sync

what I wanted to happen was to simply sync the already committed stuff to the other remotes. What happened instead was git annex sync's automagic commit feature (which you can not disable, it seems) doing its job: Commit what was added earlier and use "git-annex automatic sync" as commit message. This is not a problem in and as of itself, but as this is my my master annex and as I managed to maintain clean commit messages for the last few years, I felt the need to clean this mess up. Changing old commit messages is easy:

git rebase --interactive HEAD~3

pick the r option for "reword" and amend the two commit messages. I did the same on my remote and all the branches I could find with git branch -a. Problem is, git-annex pulls in changes from refs which are not shown as branches; run git annex sync and back are the old commits along with a merge commit like an ugly cherry on top. Blegh. I decided to leave my comfort zone and ended up with the following:

# always back up before poking refs
git clone --mirror repo backup
git reset --hard 1234
git show-ref   grep master
# for every ref returned, do:
  git update-ref $ref 1234

rinse repeat for every remote, git annex sync, et voil . And yes, I avoided using an actual loop on purpose; sometimes, doing things slowly and by hand just feels safer. For good measure, I am running

git fsck && git annex fsck

on all my remotes now, but everything looks good up to now.

The Debian Project Leader election has concluded and the winner is Lucas Nussbaum. Of a total of 1003 developers, 401 developers voted using the Condorcet method. More information about the result is available in the Debian Project Leader Elections 2014 page. The new term for the project leader will start on April 17th and expire on April 17th 2015.

We had a bit of a rough night last night. I noticed Zoe was pretty hot when she had a nap yesterday after not really eating much lunch. She still had a mild fever after her nap, so I gave her some paracetamol (aka acetaminophen, that one weirded me out when I moved to the US) and called for a home doctor to check her ears out. Her ears were fine, but her throat was a little red. The doctor said it was probably a virus. Her temperature wasn't so high at bed time, so I skipped the paracetamol, and she went to bed fine. She did wake up at about 1:30am and it took me until 3am to get her back to bed. I think it was a combination of the fever and trying to phase out her white noise, but she just didn't want to sleep in her bed or her room. At 3am I admitted defeat and let her sleep with me. She had only a slightly elevated temperature this morning, and otherwise seemed in good spirits. We were supposed to go to a family lunch today, because my sister and brother are in town with their respective families, but I figured we'd skip that on account that Zoe may have still had something, and coupled with the poor night's sleep, I wasn't sure how much socialising she was going to be up for. My ear has still been giving me grief, and I had a home doctor check it yesterday as well, and he said the ear canal was 90% blocked. First thing this morning I called up to make an appointment with my regular doctor to try and get it flushed out. The earliest appointment I could get was 10:15am. So we trundled around the corner to my doctor after a very slow start to the day. I got my ear cleaned out and felt like a million bucks afterwards. We went to Woolworths to order an undecorated mud slab cake, so I can try doing a trial birthday cake. I've given up on trying to do the sitting minion, and significantly scaled back to just a flat minion slab cake. The should be ready tomorrow. The family thing was originally supposed to be tomorrow, and was only moved to today yesterday. My original plan had been to take Zoe to a free Dora the Explorer live show that was on in the Queen Street Mall. I decided to revert back to the original plan, but by this stage, it was too late to catch the 11am show, so the 1pm show was the only other option. We had a "quick" lunch at home, which involved Zoe refusing the eat the sandwich I made for her and me convincing her otherwise. Then I got a time-sensitive phone call from a friend, and once I'd finished dealing with that, there wasn't enough time to take any form of public transport and get there in time, so I decided to just drive in. We parked in the Myer Centre car park, and quickly made our way up to the mall, and made it there comfortably with 5 minutes to spare. The show wasn't anything much to phone home about. It was basically just 20 minutes of someone in a giant Dora suit acting out was was essentially a typical episode of Dora the Explorer, on stage, with a helper. Zoe started out wanting to sit on my lap, but made a few brief forays down to the "mosh pit" down the front with the other kids, dancing around. After the show finished, we had about 40 minutes to kill before we could get a photo with Dora, so we wandered around the Myer Centre. I let Zoe choose our destinations initially, and we browsed a cheap accessories store that was having a sale, and then we wandered downstairs to one of the underground bus station platforms. After that, we made our way up to Lincraft, and browsed. We bought a $5 magnifying glass, and I let Zoe do the whole transaction by herself. After that it was time to make our way back down for the photo. Zoe made it first in line, so we were in and out nice and quick. We got our photos, and they gave her a little activity book as well, which she thought was cool, and then we headed back down the car park. In my haste to park and get top side, I hadn't really paid attention to where we'd parked, and we came down via different elevators than we went up, so by the time I'd finally located the car, the exit gate was trying to extract an extra $5 parking out of me. Fortunately I was able to use the intercom at the gate and tell my sob story of being a nincompoop, and they let us out without further payment. We swung by the Valley to clear my PO box, and then headed home. Zoe spontaneously announced she'd had a fun day, so that was lovely. We only had about an hour and half to kill before Sarah was going to pick up Zoe, so we just mucked around. Zoe looked at stuff around the house with her magnifying glass. She helped me open my mail. We looked at some of the photos on my phone. Dayframe and a Chromecast is a great combination for that. We had a really lovely spell on the couch where we took turns to draw on her Magna Doodle. That was some really sweet time together. Zoe seemed really eager for her mother to arrive, and kept asking how much longer it was going to be, and going outside our unit's front door to look for her. Sarah finally arrived, and remarked that Zoe felt hot, and so I checked her temperature, and her fever had returned, so whatever she has she's still fighting off. I decided to do my Easter egg shopping in preparation for Sunday. A friend suggested this cool idea of leaving rabbit paw tracks all over the house in baby powder, and I found a template online and got that all ready to go. I had a really great yoga class tonight. Probably one of the best I've had in a while in terms of being able to completely clear my head. I'm looking forward to an uninterrupted night's sleep tonight.

Wow. 3G delta. I haven t booted this laptop for a while I think I m finally ready to make the move from gnome2 to gnome3. There are bits that still annoy me, but I think it s off to a good start. Upgrading perl from 5.10 to 5.14.

cjac@calcifer:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  at-spi capplets-data compiz compiz-gnome compiz-gtk defoma deskbar-applet g++-4.3 gcc-4.3 gcj-4.4-base gcj-4.4-jre gcj-4.4-jre-headless gcj-4.4-jre-lib
  gdm3 gir1.0-clutter-1.0 gir1.0-freedesktop gir1.0-glib-2.0 gir1.0-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.0-gtk-2.0 gir1.0-json-glib-1.0 glade-gnome gnome-about
  gnome-accessibility gnome-applets gnome-core gnome-panel gnome-utils-common lib32readline5-dev libbrasero-media0 libclass-mop-perl libdb4.7-java
  libdb4.8-dev libdevhelp-1-1 libdigest-sha1-perl libdirectfb-dev libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-7 libedataserverui1.2-8
  libepc-1.0-2 libepc-ui-1.0-2 libept1 libgcj10 libgcj10-awt libgd2-noxpm libgstfarsight0.10-0 libgtkhtml-editor0 libjpeg62-dev libmetacity-private0
  libmono-accessibility1.0-cil libmono-bytefx0.7.6.1-cil libmono-cairo1.0-cil libmono-cil-dev libmono-corlib1.0-cil libmono-cscompmgd7.0-cil
  libmono-data-tds1.0-cil libmono-data1.0-cil libmono-debugger-soft0.0-cil libmono-getoptions1.0-cil libmono-i18n-west1.0-cil libmono-i18n1.0-cil
  libmono-ldap1.0-cil libmono-microsoft7.0-cil libmono-npgsql1.0-cil libmono-oracle1.0-cil libmono-peapi1.0-cil libmono-posix1.0-cil
  libmono-relaxng1.0-cil libmono-security1.0-cil libmono-sharpzip0.6-cil libmono-sharpzip0.84-cil libmono-sqlite1.0-cil libmono-system-data1.0-cil
  libmono-system-ldap1.0-cil libmono-system-messaging1.0-cil libmono-system-runtime1.0-cil libmono-system-web1.0-cil libmono-system1.0-cil
  libmono-webbrowser0.5-cil libmono-winforms1.0-cil libmono1.0-cil libmtp8 libnautilus-extension1 libpango1.0-common libperl5.10 libpolkit-gtk-1-0
  libpulse-browse0 librpm1 librpmbuild1 libsdl1.2-dev libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio libseed0 libstdc++6-4.3-dev libtelepathy-farsight0 libupnp3 libvlccore4
  libxmlrpc-c3 linphone-nox linux-headers-2.6.32-5-amd64 linux-sound-base metacity mono-2.0-devel mono-devel mysql-client-5.1 mysql-query-browser
  mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server-core-5.1 openoffice.org-base-core openoffice.org-core openoffice.org-gcj openoffice.org-report-builder-bin
  openoffice.org-style-andromeda php5-suhosin portmap python-beagle python-brasero python-docky python-encutils python-evince python-gnomeapplet
  python-gtop python-mediaprofiles python-metacity python-totem-plparser seahorse-plugins smbfs speedbar totem-coherence tqsllib1c2a unixcw vlc
  xserver-xorg-video-nv
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  accountsservice acl aisleriot apg aptdaemon-data aptitude-common asterisk-core-sounds-en asterisk-modules asterisk-moh-opsound-gsm at-spi2-core
  ax25-node bluez btrfs-tools caribou caribou-antler chromium chromium-inspector colord console-setup console-setup-linux cpp-4.6 cpp-4.7 crda
  cryptsetup-bin cups-filters db-util db5.1-util dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service dconf-tools distro-info-data docutils-common docutils-doc enchant
  extlinux finger folks-common fonts-cantarell fonts-droid fonts-freefont-ttf fonts-horai-umefont fonts-lg-aboriginal fonts-liberation fonts-lyx
  fonts-opensymbol fonts-sil-gentium fonts-sil-gentium-basic fonts-sipa-arundina fonts-stix fonts-takao fonts-takao-gothic fonts-takao-mincho
  fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-tlwg-garuda fonts-tlwg-kinnari fonts-tlwg-loma fonts-tlwg-mono fonts-tlwg-norasi fonts-tlwg-purisa fonts-tlwg-sawasdee
  fonts-tlwg-typewriter fonts-tlwg-typist fonts-tlwg-typo fonts-tlwg-umpush fonts-tlwg-waree fonts-umeplus fuse g++-4.7 g++-4.7-multilib gcc-4.6
  gcc-4.6-base gcc-4.7 gcc-4.7-base gcc-4.7-multilib gcj-4.7-base gcj-4.7-jre gcj-4.7-jre-headless gcj-4.7-jre-lib gconf-service gcr
  gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-atk-1.0 gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-caribou-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-gst-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0
  gir1.2-coglpango-1.0 gir1.2-evince-3.0 gir1.2-folks-0.6 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gck-1 gir1.2-gconf-2.0 gir1.2-gcr-3 gir1.2-gdesktopenums-3.0
  gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gee-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-glib-2.0 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0
  gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtkclutter-1.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-gtop-2.0 gir1.2-gucharmap-2.90
  gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-json-1.0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7 gir1.2-panelapplet-4.0 gir1.2-pango-1.0
  gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12 gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2 gir1.2-totem-1.0
  gir1.2-totem-plparser-1.0 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-vte-2.90 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gir1.2-xkl-1.0 git-man gjs gkbd-capplet glchess
  glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services glines gnect gnibbles gnobots2 gnome-bluetooth gnome-contacts gnome-control-center-data
  gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-icon-theme-extras gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-online-accounts gnome-packagekit gnome-packagekit-data
  gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-sudoku gnome-sushi gnome-themes-standard gnome-themes-standard-data gnome-user-share gnome-video-effects gnomine
  gnotravex gnotski gnuplot gnuplot-nox grilo-plugins-0.1 groff growisofs gsettings-desktop-schemas gstreamer0.10-gconf gtali guile-2.0-libs gvfs-common
  gvfs-daemons gvfs-libs hardening-includes hwdata iagno ienglish-common imagemagick-common ioquake3 ioquake3-server iputils-tracepath ipxe-qemu iw
  keyutils kmod krb5-locales lib32itm1 lib32quadmath0 lib32tinfo-dev lib32tinfo5 libaacplus2 libaacs0 libabiword-2.9 libaccountsservice0 libamd2.2.0
  libapache-pom-java libapol4 libapt-inst1.5 libapt-pkg4.12 libaqbanking-plugins-libgwenhywfar60 libaqbanking34 libaqbanking34-plugins libaqhbci20
  libaqofxconnect7 libarchive12 libasprintf0c2 libassuan0 libatk-adaptor libatk-adaptor-data libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatkmm-1.6-1 libatkmm-1.6-dev
  libatspi2.0-0 libaudiofile1 libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libavcodec53 libavcodec54 libavformat53 libavformat54 libavutil51 libbabl-0.1-0 libbind9-80 libbison-dev
  libblas3 libbluray1 libboost-iostreams1.49.0 libboost-program-options1.49.0 libboost-python1.49.0 libboost-serialization1.49.0 libboost-thread1.49.0
  libbrasero-media3-1 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcamel-1.2-33 libcanberra-dev libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module
  libcanberra-pulse libcapi20-3 libcaribou-common libcaribou-gtk-module libcaribou-gtk3-module libcaribou0 libccrtp0 libcdio-cdda1 libcdio-paranoia1
  libcdio13 libcfg4 libchamplain-0.12-0 libchamplain-gtk-0.12-0 libcheese-gtk21 libcheese3 libclass-factory-util-perl libclass-isa-perl libclass-load-perl
  libclass-load-xs-perl libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-1.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libclutter-imcontext-0.1-0 libclutter-imcontext-0.1-bin
  libcluttergesture-0.0.2-0 libcmis-0.2-0 libcogl-common libcogl-pango0 libcogl9 libcolord1 libcommons-parent-java libconfdb4 libcoroipcc4 libcoroipcs4
  libcpg4 libcryptsetup4 libcrystalhd3 libcupsfilters1 libcw3 libdata-alias-perl libdatetime-format-builder-perl libdatetime-format-iso8601-perl
  libdb-java libdb5.1 libdb5.1-dev libdb5.1-java libdb5.1-java-jni libdbus-c++-1-0 libdbus-glib1.0-cil libdbus1.0-cil libdconf0 libdee-1.0-4
  libdevel-partialdump-perl libdevhelp-3-0 libdevmapper-event1.02.1 libdistro-info-perl libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libdns88 libdotconf1.0 libdvbpsi7
  libebackend-1.2-2 libebml3 libebook-1.2-13 libecal-1.2-11 libecore1 libedata-book-1.2-13 libedata-cal-1.2-15 libedataserver-1.2-16
  libedataserverui-3.0-1 libeina1 libemail-valid-perl libencode-locale-perl libepc-1.0-3 libepc-ui-1.0-3 libept1.4.12 libescpr1 libev4
  libeval-closure-perl libevdocument3-4 libevent-2.0-5 libevent-perl libevs4 libevview3-3 libexiv2-12 libexosip2-7 libexporter-lite-perl
  libexttextcat-data libexttextcat0 libfakechroot libfarstream-0.1-0 libfdk-aac0 libfdt1 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl
  libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libfltk-images1.3 libfltk1.3 libfolks-eds25 libfolks-telepathy25 libfolks25
  libfont-afm-perl libgail-3-0 libgcj13 libgcj13-awt libgck-1-0 libgconf-2-4 libgconf2-doc libgcr-3-1 libgcr-3-common libgd2-xpm libgdata13
  libgdata2.1-cil libgdict-common libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libgegl-0.2-0 libgeocode-glib0 libgettextpo0 libgexiv2-1
  libgirepository-1.0-1 libgjs0b libgkeyfile1.0-cil libgladeui-2-0 libgladeui-common libglapi-mesa libglew1.7 libglib2.0-bin libgmime-2.6-0
  libgmime2.6-cil libgmp10 libgnome-bluetooth10 libgnome-desktop-3-2 libgnome-keyring-common libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0 libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnomekbd7
  libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutlsxx27 libgoa-1.0-0 libgoa-1.0-common libgphoto2-l10n libgraphite2-2.0.0 libgrilo-0.1-0 libgs9 libgs9-common libgssdp-1.0-3
  libgstreamer-plugins-bad0.10-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgtk-3-dev libgtk-3-doc libgtk-sharp-beans-cil libgtk-vnc-2.0-0
  libgtkhtml-4.0-0 libgtkhtml-4.0-common libgtkhtml-editor-4.0-0 libgtkmm-3.0-1 libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgucharmap-2-90-7
  libgudev1.0-cil libgupnp-1.0-4 libgupnp-av-1.0-2 libgupnp-igd-1.0-4 libgusb2 libgvnc-1.0-0 libgweather-3-0 libgwenhywfar-data libgwenhywfar60 libgxps2
  libhcrypto4-heimdal libheimbase1-heimdal libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl
  libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libhunspell-1.3-0 libicu48 libimobiledevice2 libio-aio-perl libisc84 libisccc80 libisccfg82 libiscsi1
  libiso9660-8 libisoburn1 libitm1 libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig0 libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore libjson0 libjte1
  libkadm5clnt-mit8 libkadm5srv-mit8 libkarma0 libkdb5-6 libkmod2 libkpathsea6 liblapack3 liblavfile-2.0-0 liblavjpeg-2.0-0 liblavplay-2.0-0 liblcms2-2
  liblensfun-data liblensfun0 liblinear-tools liblinear1 liblinphone4 liblockfile-bin liblogsys4 liblvm2app2.2 liblwp-mediatypes-perl
  liblwp-protocol-https-perl liblwres80 liblzma5 libmaa3 libmagick++5 libmagickcore5 libmagickcore5-extra libmagickwand5 libmath-bigint-perl
  libmath-round-perl libmatroska5 libmediastreamer1 libmhash2 libminiupnpc5 libmission-control-plugins0 libmjpegutils-2.0-0 libmodule-implementation-perl
  libmodule-runtime-perl libmono-2.0-1 libmono-2.0-dev libmono-accessibility4.0-cil libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-codecontracts4.0-cil
  libmono-compilerservices-symbolwriter4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.0-cil libmono-csharp4.0-cil libmono-custommarshalers4.0-cil libmono-data-tds4.0-cil
  libmono-debugger-soft2.0-cil libmono-debugger-soft4.0-cil libmono-http4.0-cil libmono-i18n-cjk4.0-cil libmono-i18n-mideast4.0-cil
  libmono-i18n-other4.0-cil libmono-i18n-rare4.0-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil libmono-i18n4.0-all libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-ldap4.0-cil
  libmono-management4.0-cil libmono-messaging-rabbitmq4.0-cil libmono-messaging4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-build-engine4.0-cil
  libmono-microsoft-build-framework4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-build-tasks-v4.0-4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-build-utilities-v4.0-4.0-cil
  libmono-microsoft-csharp4.0-cil libmono-microsoft-visualc10.0-cil libmono-microsoft-web-infrastructure1.0-cil libmono-npgsql4.0-cil
  libmono-opensystem-c4.0-cil libmono-oracle4.0-cil libmono-peapi4.0-cil libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-rabbitmq4.0-cil libmono-relaxng4.0-cil
  libmono-security4.0-cil libmono-sharpzip4.84-cil libmono-simd4.0-cil libmono-sqlite4.0-cil libmono-system-componentmodel-composition4.0-cil
  libmono-system-componentmodel-dataannotations4.0-cil libmono-system-configuration-install4.0-cil libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil
  libmono-system-core4.0-cil libmono-system-data-datasetextensions4.0-cil libmono-system-data-linq4.0-cil libmono-system-data-services-client4.0-cil
  libmono-system-data-services4.0-cil libmono-system-data4.0-cil libmono-system-design4.0-cil libmono-system-drawing-design4.0-cil
  libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-dynamic4.0-cil libmono-system-enterpriseservices4.0-cil libmono-system-identitymodel-selectors4.0-cil
  libmono-system-identitymodel4.0-cil libmono-system-ldap4.0-cil libmono-system-management4.0-cil libmono-system-messaging4.0-cil
  libmono-system-net4.0-cil libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime-caching4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime-durableinstancing4.0-cil
  libmono-system-runtime-serialization-formatters-soap4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime-serialization4.0-cil libmono-system-runtime4.0-cil
  libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-servicemodel-discovery4.0-cil libmono-system-servicemodel-routing4.0-cil
  libmono-system-servicemodel-web4.0-cil libmono-system-servicemodel4.0-cil libmono-system-serviceprocess4.0-cil libmono-system-transactions4.0-cil
  libmono-system-web-abstractions4.0-cil libmono-system-web-applicationservices4.0-cil libmono-system-web-dynamicdata4.0-cil
  libmono-system-web-extensions-design4.0-cil libmono-system-web-extensions4.0-cil libmono-system-web-routing4.0-cil libmono-system-web-services4.0-cil
  libmono-system-web4.0-cil libmono-system-windows-forms-datavisualization4.0-cil libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil libmono-system-xaml4.0-cil
  libmono-system-xml-linq4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil libmono-system4.0-cil libmono-tasklets4.0-cil libmono-web4.0-cil libmono-webbrowser2.0-cil
  libmono-webbrowser4.0-cil libmono-webmatrix-data4.0-cil libmono-windowsbase4.0-cil libmount1 libmozjs10d libmozjs17d libmozjs185-1.0 libmpeg2encpp-2.0-0
  libmplex2-2.0-0 libmtdev1 libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libmupen64plus2 libmusicbrainz-discid-perl libmusicbrainz5-0 libmutter0 libmx-1.0-2
  libmx-bin libmx-common libmysqlclient18 libnatpmp1 libnautilus-extension1a libnet-domain-tld-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-ip-minimal-perl libnetcf1
  libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnettle4 libnewtonsoft-json4.5-cil libnice10 libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200 libnl-route-3-200 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common
  libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libnotify4 libnspr4 libnss-winbind libnss3 libnuma1 libnunit2.6-cil liboauth0 libodbc1 liboobs-1-5 libopal3.10.4 libopenal-data
  libopus0 libosip2-7 libp11-2 libp11-kit-dev libp11-kit0 libpackage-stash-xs-perl libpackagekit-glib2-14 libpam-cap libpam-modules-bin libpam-winbind
  libpanel-applet-4-0 libparams-classify-perl libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common libperl5.14 libpipeline1 libpload4 libpodofo0.9.0
  libpoe-component-resolver-perl libpoppler-glib8 libpoppler19 libportsmf0 libpostproc52 libprocps0 libpst4 libpt2.10.4 libptexenc1 libpython2.7
  libqt4-declarative libqtassistantclient4 libqtdbus4 libqtwebkit4 libquadmath0 libquicktime2 libquorum4 libquvi-scripts libquvi7 libraptor2-0 librasqal3
  libraw5 libregexp-reggrp-perl libreoffice libreoffice-base libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw
  libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-evolution libreoffice-filter-binfilter libreoffice-filter-mobiledev libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk
  libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-impress libreoffice-java-common libreoffice-math libreoffice-officebean libreoffice-report-builder-bin
  libreoffice-style-galaxy libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer libresid-builder0c2a librest-0.7-0 librest-extras-0.7-0 librhythmbox-core6 librpm3
  librpmbuild3 librpmio3 librpmsign1 libruby1.9.1 libsaamf3 libsackpt3 libsaclm3 libsaevt3 libsalck3 libsam4 libsamsg4 libsane-common
  libsane-extras-common libsatmr3 libsbsms10 libseed-gtk3-0 libsidplay2 libsigsegv2 libsocialweb-client2 libsocialweb-common libsocialweb-service
  libsocialweb0 libsocket-getaddrinfo-perl libsocket-perl libsonic0 libsoundtouch0 libsox2 libspeechd2 libspice-client-glib-2.0-1
  libspice-client-gtk-2.0-1 libspice-server1 libssl-doc libssl1.0.0 libstdc++6-4.7-dev libsvm-tools libswitch-perl libswscale2 libsystemd-daemon0
  libsystemd-login0 libtagc0 libtelepathy-farstream2 libtelepathy-logger2 libtest-warn-perl libtinfo-dev libtinfo5 libtirpc1 libtokyocabinet9 libtotem-pg4
  libtotem0 libtqsllib1 libtracker-sparql-0.14-0 libtree-dagnode-perl libts-dev libucommon5 libumfpack5.4.0 libunique-3.0-0 libupnp6 libusbredirhost1
  libusbredirparser0 libv4lconvert0 libverto-libev1 libverto1 libvisio-0.0-0 libvlccore5 libvo-aacenc0 libvo-amrwbenc0 libvorbisidec1 libvotequorum4
  libvpx1 libvte-2.90-9 libvte-2.90-common libwacom-common libwacom2 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common
  libwebp2 libwebrtc-audio-processing-0 libwildmidi-config libwireshark-data libwireshark2 libwiretap2 libwnck-3-0 libwnck-3-common libwpd-0.9-9
  libwpg-0.2-2 libwps-0.2-2 libwsutil2 libwv-1.2-4 libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-doc libx11-protocol-perl libx264-123 libx264-124 libx264-130 libx264-132
  libxalan2-java libxcb-composite0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-util0 libxen-4.1 libxml-commons-external-java
  libxml-commons-resolver1.1-java libxml-sax-base-perl libxmlrpc-c++4 libxmlrpc-core-c3 libxz-java libyajl2 libyaml-0-2 libyaml-perl libyelp0 libzrtpcpp2
  libzvbi-common libzvbi0 lightsoff linphone-nogtk linux-headers-3.2.0-4-amd64 linux-headers-3.2.0-4-common linux-headers-amd64 linux-image-3.2.0-4-amd64
  linux-image-amd64 linux-kbuild-3.2 live-boot-doc live-config-doc live-manual-html mahjongg memtest86+ minissdpd mono-4.0-gac mono-dmcs mscompress
  multiarch-support mupen64plus-audio-all mupen64plus-audio-sdl mupen64plus-data mupen64plus-input-all mupen64plus-input-sdl mupen64plus-rsp-all
  mupen64plus-rsp-hle mupen64plus-rsp-z64 mupen64plus-ui-console mupen64plus-video-all mupen64plus-video-arachnoid mupen64plus-video-glide64
  mupen64plus-video-rice mupen64plus-video-z64 mutter-common mysql-client-5.5 mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 mythes-en-us openarena-081-maps
  openarena-081-misc openarena-081-players openarena-081-players-mature openarena-081-textures openarena-085-data openarena-088-data packagekit
  packagekit-backend-aptcc packagekit-tools planner-data planner-doc poppler-data printer-driver-all printer-driver-c2050 printer-driver-c2esp
  printer-driver-cjet printer-driver-escpr printer-driver-foo2zjs printer-driver-gutenprint printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-hpijs
  printer-driver-m2300w printer-driver-min12xxw printer-driver-pnm2ppa printer-driver-postscript-hp printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-pxljr
  printer-driver-sag-gdi printer-driver-splix psutils python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-aptdaemon.gtkwidgets python-bzrlib python-dbus-dev
  python-debianbts python-defer python-dnspython python-fpconst python-gi python-gi-cairo python-gi-dev python-gobject-2 python-gobject-2-dev
  python-keyring python-launchpadlib python-lazr.restfulclient python-lazr.uri python-liblarch python-liblarch-gtk python-magic python-oauth
  python-packagekit python-pyatspi2 python-pyparsing python-repoze.lru python-routes python-setools python-simplejson python-soappy python-speechd
  python-spice-client-gtk python-wadllib python-webob python-zeitgeist python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal qdbus quadrapassel remmina-common
  rhythmbox-data rpcbind rtkit ruby ruby1.9.1 shotwell-common smartdimmer software-properties-common sound-theme-freedesktop speech-dispatcher
  sphinx-common sphinx-doc swell-foop syslinux-themes-debian syslinux-themes-debian-wheezy tdb-tools telepathy-haze telepathy-logger telepathy-rakia
  tex-gyre ttf-marvosym wireless-regdb xbrlapi xorg-sgml-doctools xorriso xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xulrunner-17.0 yelp-xsl
  zeitgeist-core zenity-common
The following packages have been kept back:
  acroread-debian-files db4.8-util hibernate ia32-libs ia32-libs-gtk libboost-dev libboost-serialization-dev opensc wine
The following packages will be upgraded:
  abcde abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview acpi acpi-fakekey acpi-support acpi-support-base acpid acroread-data
  acroread-dictionary-en acroread-l10n-en adduser alacarte alsa-base alsa-utils amb-plugins anacron analog ant ant-optional apache2 apache2-doc
  apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common app-install-data apt apt-file apt-utils apt-xapian-index aptdaemon aptitude
  aqbanking-tools aspell aspell-en asterisk asterisk-config asterisk-core-sounds-en-gsm asterisk-doc asterisk-voicemail astyle at audacity audacity-data
  augeas-lenses augeas-tools autoconf autoconf-doc automake automake1.9 autopoint autotools-dev avahi-autoipd avahi-daemon avidemux avidemux-common
  avidemux-plugins aview ax25-tools banshee baobab base-files base-passwd bash bash-completion bc bind9-doc bind9-host bind9utils binfmt-support binutils
  bison bluez-cups bogofilter bogofilter-bdb bogofilter-common brasero brasero-common bridge-utils browser-plugin-gnash bsd-mailx bsdmainutils bsdutils
  busybox buzztard buzztard-data bwidget bzip2 bzr bzrtools ca-certificates calibre calibre-bin ccache cd-discid cdebootstrap cdparanoia cdrdao
  checkpolicy cheese cheese-common chromium-browser chromium-browser-inspector cifs-utils cl-asdf cli-common clisp comerr-dev common-lisp-controller
  console-common console-data console-tools consolekit coreutils cowbuilder cowdancer cpio cpp cpp-4.4 cpufrequtils cracklib-runtime crawl-common
  crawl-tiles cron cryptsetup cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-driver-gutenprint cups-pk-helper cups-ppdc cupsddk curl curlftpfs cvs cw dash
  dasher dasher-data dbus dbus-x11 dc dcraw dctrl-tools debconf debconf-i18n debhelper debian-archive-keyring debian-faq debian-keyring debianutils debirf
  debootstrap desktop-base desktop-file-utils devhelp devhelp-common devscripts dialog dict dictionaries-common diffstat diffutils djtools dkms dmidecode
  dmsetup dnsmasq-base dnsutils doc-debian docbook docbook-dsssl docbook-to-man docbook-utils docbook-xml docbook-xsl docbook-xsl-doc-html docky dosemu
  dosfstools dpatch dpkg dpkg-dev dput dvd+rw-tools dvi2ps dynagen dynamips e2fslibs e2fsprogs ebtables ed eject ekiga emacs23-bin-common emacs23-common
  emacs23-nox emacsen-common emdebian-archive-keyring empathy empathy-common eog epiphany-browser epiphany-browser-data epiphany-extensions esound-common
  espeak espeak-data ethtool evince evince-common evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-exchange
  evolution-plugins evolution-webcal exif exiftags exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light exiv2 f-spot fakechroot fakeroot fancontrol fceu
  fcrackzip fdupes feynmf file file-roller finch findutils firmware-iwlwifi firmware-linux-free firmware-linux-nonfree flac flashrom fldigi flex
  fontconfig fontconfig-config foo2zjs foomatic-db foomatic-db-engine foomatic-db-gutenprint foomatic-filters fping freedesktop-sound-theme freeglut3
  freetds-common ftp fuse-utils g++ g++-4.4 g++-4.4-multilib g++-multilib gawk gcalctool gcc gcc-4.4 gcc-4.4-base gcc-4.4-doc gcc-4.4-multilib
  gcc-doc-base gcc-multilib gcj-jre gcj-jre-headless gconf-defaults-service gconf-editor gconf2 gconf2-common gddrescue gdebi gdebi-core gedit
  gedit-common gedit-plugins genisoimage geoclue geoclue-hostip geoclue-localnet geoclue-manual geoclue-yahoo geoip-database gettext gettext-base
  ghostscript ghostscript-cups gimp gimp-data git git-buildpackage git-core git-svn gitk gksu glade gnash gnash-common gnash-opengl
  gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-applets-data gnome-backgrounds gnome-cards-data gnome-common gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-dev
  gnome-desktop-data gnome-dictionary gnome-disk-utility gnome-do gnome-do-plugins gnome-doc-utils gnome-games gnome-games-data gnome-games-extra-data
  gnome-icon-theme gnome-js-common gnome-keyring gnome-mag gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-nettool gnome-orca gnome-panel-data gnome-pkg-tools
  gnome-power-manager gnome-rdp gnome-screensaver gnome-screenshot gnome-search-tool gnome-session gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra
  gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-settings-daemon-dev gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-system-tools gnome-terminal
  gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-guide gnomint gnu-fdisk gnucash-docs gnuchess gnumeric gnumeric-common gnupg gnupg-agent gocr google-talkplugin gparted
  gpgv gpredict gpscorrelate grep groff-base grub-common grub-legacy gsfonts-x11 gsmartcontrol gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-buzztard
  gstreamer0.10-buzztard-doc gstreamer0.10-doc gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg-dbg gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer0.10-gnonlin
  gstreamer0.10-gnonlin-dbg gstreamer0.10-gnonlin-doc gstreamer0.10-nice gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-dbg
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-doc gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-dbg gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-doc
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-dbg gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-doc gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-dbg
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-doc gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gtg gthumb gthumb-data gtk2-engines gtk2-engines-pixbuf
  gucharmap guile-1.6 guile-1.6-libs guile-1.8-libs gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-bin gzip hal hamster-applet hardinfo hddtemp hdparm hfsprogs hostname hp-ppd
  hpijs hplip hplip-cups hplip-data htmldoc htmldoc-common iamerican ibritish iceweasel ifupdown ijsgutenprint imagemagick imagemagick-doc info
  initramfs-tools initscripts inkscape insserv install-info installation-report intltool iotop iproute ipsec-tools iptables iptraf iputils-ping
  ircd-hybrid irssi isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common isc-dhcp-server iscsitarget-dkms iso-codes ispell jack jadetex java-common jigdo-file keyanalyze
  keyboard-configuration keychain klibc-utils kpartx krb5-admin-server krb5-auth-dialog krb5-config krb5-doc krb5-kdc krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-multidev
  krb5-pkinit krb5-user lacheck lame latex-beamer latex-xcolor less lesstif2 lesstif2-dev lib32asound2 lib32bz2-1.0 lib32gcc1 lib32gomp1 lib32ncurses5
  lib32ncurses5-dev lib32nss-mdns lib32readline5 lib32stdc++6 lib32v4l-0 lib32z1 lib32z1-dev liba52-0.7.4 libaa1 libaa1-dev libacl1 libaften0
  libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libaio1 libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libany-moose-perl libanyevent-perl libao-common
  libao4 libapache-dbi-perl libapache2-mod-apreq2 libapache2-mod-dnssd libapache2-mod-perl2 libapache2-mod-php5 libapache2-mod-python
  libapache2-request-perl libappconfig-perl libapr1 libapreq2 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libapt-pkg-perl libaqbanking-data
  libarchive-zip-perl libart-2.0-2 libart-2.0-dev libart2.0-cil libasn1-8-heimdal libasound2 libasound2-dev libasound2-plugins libaspell15 libass4
  libasync-interrupt-perl libasyncns0 libatasmart4 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatk1.0-dev libatk1.0-doc libatspi1.0-0 libattr1 libaudio-dev libaudio2
  libaudiofile-dev libaudit0 libaugeas0 libavahi-client-dev libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common-dev libavahi-common3 libavahi-core7
  libavahi-glib-dev libavahi-glib1 libavahi-gobject0 libavahi-ui0 libavc1394-0 libax25 libb-hooks-endofscope-perl libb-keywords-perl libbind9-60
  libblas3gf libblkid1 libbluetooth3 libbml0 libboo2.0.9-cil libbrlapi0.5 libbs2b0 libbsd0 libburn4 libbusiness-paypal-api-perl
  libbusiness-tax-vat-validation-perl libbuzztard0 libbz2-1.0 libc-ares2 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libc6-i386 libcaca-dev
  libcaca0 libcache-fastmmap-perl libcairo-perl libcairo2 libcairo2-dev libcairomm-1.0-1 libcairomm-1.0-dev libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra0 libcap-ng0
  libcap2 libcap2-bin libcapture-tiny-perl libccid libcdaudio1 libcddb-get-perl libcddb2 libcdparanoia0 libcdt4 libchm-bin libchm1 libck-connector0
  libclass-c3-perl libclass-c3-xs-perl libclass-insideout-perl libclass-inspector-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libclass-methodmaker-perl
  libclone-perl libclutter-1.0-0 libcolamd2.7.1 libcolor-calc-perl libcomedi0 libcomerr2 libcommon-sense-perl libcommons-beanutils-java
  libcommons-collections3-java libcommons-compress-java libcommons-digester-java libcommons-logging-java libconfig-inifiles-perl libconfig-json-perl
  libconfig-tiny-perl libconsole libcontextual-return-perl libconvert-asn1-perl libcoro-perl libcorosync4 libcpufreq-dev libcpufreq0 libcrack2 libcroco3
  libcrypt-openssl-bignum-perl libcrypt-openssl-random-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl libcrypt-passwdmd5-perl libcrypt-ssleay-perl libcss-minifier-xs-perl
  libcss-packer-perl libcups2 libcupscgi1 libcupsdriver1 libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libcurses-perl libcwidget3
  libdata-optlist-perl libdata-structure-util-perl libdata-visitor-perl libdatetime-format-http-perl libdatetime-perl libdatetime-set-perl
  libdatetime-timezone-perl libdatrie1 libdb-dev libdb-je-java libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libdbus-1-3 libdbus-1-dev libdbus-glib-1-2 libdbus-glib-1-dev
  libdc1394-22 libdca0 libdebian-installer-extra4 libdebian-installer4 libdevel-globaldestruction-perl libdevel-size-perl libdevel-stacktrace-perl
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  wget whiptail whois winbind wireless-tools wireshark wireshark-common wordnet wordnet-base wordnet-gui wpasupplicant wvdial wwwconfig-common x11-apps
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  xfonts-utils xfonts-wqy xindy xindy-rules xinit xkb-data xml-core xorg xorg-docs-core xoscope xsane xsane-common xserver-common xserver-xephyr
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  xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3
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  xsltproc xterm xtightvncviewer xtrans-dev xutils-dev xz-utils yelp yum zenity zip zlib1g zlib1g-dev
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Between 2001 and 2004, John Wielgley wrote emacs-chess, a rather complete Chess library for Emacs. I found it around 2004, and was immediately hooked. Why? Because Emacs is configurable, and I was hoping that I could customize the chessboard display much more than with any other console based chess program I have ever seen. And I was right. One of the four chessboard display types is exactly what I was looking for, chess-plain.el:

  
8 tSlDjLsT 
7 XxXxXxXx 
6         
5         
4         
3         
2 pPpPpPpP 
1 RnBqKbNr 
  
  abcdefgh

This might look confusing at first, but I have to admit that I grew rather fond of this way of displaying chess positions as ASCII diagrams. In this configuration, initial letters for (mostly) German chess piece names are used for the black pieces, and English chess piece names are used for the white pieces. Uppercase is used to indicate if a piece is on a black square and braille dot 7 is used to indicate an empty black square. chess-plain is completely configurable though, so you can have more classic diagrams like this as well:

  
8 rnbqkbnr 
7 pppppppp 
6  + + + + 
5 + + + +  
4  + + + + 
3 + + + +  
2 PPPPPPPP 
1 RNBQKBNR 
  
  abcdefgh

Here, upper case letters indicate white pieces, and lower case letters black pieces. Black squares are indicated with a plus sign. However, as with many Free Software projects, Emacs Chess was rather dormant in the last 10 years. For some reason that I can not even remember right now, my interest in Emacs Chess has been reignited roughly 5 weeks ago.

Thirty years ago I started to learn programming. To celebrate this, I'm doing a bit of programming as a sort of performance art. I will write a new program, from scratch, until it is ready for me to start using it for real. The program won't be finished, but it will be ready for my own production use. It'll be something I have wanted to have for a while, but I'm not saying beforehand what it will be. For me, the end result is interesting; for you, the interesting part is watching me be stupid and make funny mistakes. The performance starts Friday, 18 April 2014, at 09:00 UTC. I apologise if this is an awkward time for you. No time is good for everyone, so I picked a time that is good for me. Run the following command to see what the local time will be for you.

date --date '2014-04-18 09:00:00 UTC'

While I write this program, I will broadcast my terminal to the Internet for anyone to see. For instructions, see the http://liw.fi/distix/performance-art/ page. There will be an IRC channel as well: #distix on the OFTC network (irc.oftc.net). Feel free to join there if you want to provide real time feedback (the laugh track).

I got one of those rare opportunities to calibrate Zoe's outlook on people on Friday. I feel pretty happy with the job I did. Once we arrived at the New Farm Park ferry terminal, the girls wanted to have some morning tea, so we camped out in the terminal to have something to eat. Kim had had packed two poppers (aka "juice boxes") for Sarah so they both got to have one. Nice one, Kim! Not long after we started morning tea, an older woman with some sort of presumably intellectual disability and her carer arrived to wait for a ferry. I have no idea what the disability was, but it presented as her being unable to speak. She'd repeatedly make a single grunting noise, and held her hands a bit funny, and would repeatedly stand up and walk in a circle, and try to rummage through the rubbish bin next to her. I exchanged a smile with her carer. The girls were a little bit wary of her because she acting strange. Sarah whispered something to me inquiring what was up with her. Zoe asked me to accompany her to the rubbish bin to dispose of her juice box. I didn't feel like talking about the woman within her earshot, so I waited until they'd boarded their ferry, and we'd left the terminal before talking about the encounter. It also gave me a little bit of time to construct my explanation in my head. I specifically wanted to avoid phrases like "something wrong" or "not right". For all I knew she could have had cerebral palsy, and had a perfectly good brain trapped inside a malfunctioning body. So I explained that the woman had "special needs" and that people with special needs have bodies or brains that don't work the same way as us, and so just like little kids, they need an adult carer to take care of them so they don't hurt themselves or get lost. In the case of the woman we'd just seen, she needed a carer to make sure she didn't get lost or rummage through the rubbish bin. That explanation seemed to go down pretty well, and that was the end of that. Maybe next time such circumstances permit, I'll try striking up a conversation with the carer.

Review: Cryptography Engineering, by Niels Ferguson, et al.

Publisher:	Wiley
Copyright:	2010
ISBN:	0-470-47424-6
Format:	Kindle
Pages:	384

Subtitled Design Principles and Practical Applications, Cryptography Engineering is intended as an overview and introduction to cryptography for the non-expert. It doesn't dive deeply into the math, although there is still a fairly thorough mathematical introduction to public-key cryptography. Instead, it focuses on the principles, tools, and algorithms that are the most concretely useful to a practitioner who is trying to design secure systems rather than doing theoretical cryptography. The "et al." in the author summary hides Bruce Schneier and Tadayoshi Kohno, and this book is officially the second edition of Practical Cryptography by Ferguson and Schneier. Schneier's name will be familiar from, among other things, Applied Cryptography, and I'll have more to say later about which of the two books one should read (and the merits of reading both). But one of the immediately-apparent advantages of Cryptography Engineering is that it's recent. Its 2010 publication date means that it recommends AES as a block cipher, discusses MD5 weaknesses, and can discuss and recommend SHA-2. For the reader whose concern with cryptography is primarily "what should I use now for new work," this has huge benefit. "What should I use for new work" is the primary focus of this book. There is some survey of the field, but that survey is very limited compared to Applied Cryptography and is tightly focused on the algorithms and approaches that one might reasonably propose today. Cryptography Engineering also attempts to provide general principles and simplifying assumptions to steer readers away from trouble. One example, and the guiding principle for much of the book, is that any new system needs at least a 128-bit security level, meaning that any attack will require 2¹²⁸ steps. This requirement may be overkill in some edge cases, as the authors point out, but when one is not a cryptography expert, accepting lower security by arguments that sound plausible but may not be sound is very risky. Cryptography Engineering starts with an overview of cryptography, the basic tools of cryptographic analysis, and the issues around designing secure systems and protocols. I like that the authors not only make it clear that security programming is hard but provide a wealth of practical examples of different attack methods and failure modes, a theme they continue throughout the book. From there, the book moves into a general discussion of major cryptographic areas: encryption, authentication, public-key cryptography, digital signatures, PKI, and issues of performance and complexity. Part two starts the in-depth discussion with chapters on block ciphers, block cipher modes, hash functions, and MACs, which together form part two (message security). The block cipher mode discussion is particularly good and includes algorithms newer than those in Applied Cryptography. This part closes with a walkthrough of constructing a secure channel, in pseudocode, and a chapter on implementation issues. The implementation chapters throughout the book are necessarily more general, but for me they were one of the most useful parts of the book, since they take a step back from the algorithms and look at the perils and pitfalls of using them to do real work. The third part of the book is on key negotiation and encompasses random numbers, prime numbers, Diffie-Hellman, RSA, a high-level look at cryptographic protocols, and a detailed look at key negotiation. This will probably be the hardest part of the book for a lot of readers, since the introduction to public-key is very heavy on math. The authors feel that's unavoidable to gain any understanding of the security risks and attack methods against public-key. I'm not quite convinced. But it's useful information, if heavy going that requires some devoted attention. I want to particularly call out the chapter on random numbers, though. This is an often-overlooked area in cryptography, particularly in introductions for the non-expert, and this is the best discussion of pseudo-random number generators I've ever seen. The authors walk through the design of Fortuna as an illustration of the issues and how they can be avoided. I came away with a far better understanding of practical PRNG design than I've ever had (and more sympathy for the annoying OpenSSL ~/.rnd file). The last substantial part of the book is on key management, starting with a discussion of time and its importance in cryptographic protocols. From there, there's a discussion of central trusted key servers and then a much more comprehensive discussion of PKI, including the problems with revocation, key lifetime, key formats, and keeping keys secure. The concluding chapter of this part is a very useful discussion of key storage, which is broad enough to encompass passwords, biometrics, and secure tokens. This is followed by a short part discussing standards, patents, and experts. A comparison between this book and Applied Cryptography reveals less attention to the details of cryptographic algorithms (apart from random number generators, where Cryptography Engineering provides considerably more useful information), wide-ranging surveys of algorithms, and underlying mathematics. Cryptography Engineering also makes several interesting narrowing choices, such as skipping stream ciphers almost entirely. Less surprisingly, this book covers only a tiny handful of cryptographic protocols; there's nothing here about zero-knowledge proofs, blind signatures, bit commitment, or even secret sharing, except a few passing mentions. That's realistic: those protocols are often extremely difficult to understand, and the typical security system doesn't use them. Replacing those topics is considerably more discussion of implementation techniques and pitfalls, including more assistance from the authors on how to choose good cryptographic building blocks and how to combine them into useful systems. This is a difficult topic, as they frequently acknowledge, and a lot of the advice is necessarily fuzzy, but they at least provide an orientation. To get much out of Applied Cryptography, you needed a basic understanding of what cryptography can do and how you want to use it. Cryptography Engineering tries to fill in that gap to the point where any experienced programmer should be able to see what problems cryptography can solve (and which it can't). That brings me back to the question of which book you should read, and a clear answer: start here, with Cryptography Engineering. It's more recent, which means that the algorithms it discusses are more directly applicable to day-to-day work. The block cipher mode and random number generator chapters are particularly useful, even if, for the latter, one will probably use a standard library. And it takes more firm stands, rather than just surveying. This comes with the risk of general principles that aren't correct in specific situations, but I think for most readers the additional guidance is vital. That said, I'm still glad I read Applied Cryptography, and I think I would still recommend reading it after this book. The detailed analysis of DES in Applied Cryptography is worth the book by itself, and more generally the survey of algorithms is useful in showing the range of approaches that can be used. And the survey of cryptographic protocols, if very difficult reading, provides tools for implementing (or at least understanding) some of the fancier and more cutting-edge things that one can do with cryptography. But this is the place to start, and I wholeheartedly recommend Cryptography Engineering to anyone working in computer security. Whether you're writing code, designing systems, or even evaluating products, this is a very useful book to read. It's a comprehensive introduction if you don't know anything about the field, but deep enough that I still got quite a bit of new information from it despite having written security software for years and having already read Applied Cryptography. Highly recommended. I will probably read it from cover to cover a second time when I have some free moments. Rating: 9 out of 10

I just read an interesting article by Brian Krebs about the difficulty in replacing credit cards [1]. The main reason that credit cards need to be replaced is that they have a single set of numbers that is used for all transactions. If credit cards were designed properly for modern use (IE since 2000 or so) they would act as a smart-card as the recommended way of payment in store. Currently I have a Mastercard and an Amex card, the Mastercard (issued about a year ago) has no smart-card feature and as Amex is rejected by most stores I ve never had a chance to use the smart-card part of a credit card. If all American credit cards had a smart card feature which was recommended by store staff then the problems that Brian documents would never have happened, the attacks on Target and other companies would have got very few card numbers and the companies that make cards wouldn t have a backlog of orders. If a bank was to buy USB smart-card readers for all their customers then they would be very cheap (the hardware is simple and therefore the unit price would be low if purchasing a few million). As banks are greedy they could make customers pay for the readers and even make a profit on them. Then for online banking at home the user could use a code that s generated for the transaction in question and thus avoid most forms of online banking fraud the only possible form of fraud would be to make a $10 payment to a legitimate company become a $1000 payment to a fraudster but that s a lot more work and a lot less money than other forms of credit card fraud. A significant portion of all credit card transactions performed over the phone are made from the customer s home. Of the ones that aren t made from home a significant portion would be done from a hotel, office, or other place where a smart-card reader might be conveniently used to generate a one-time code for the transaction. The main remaining problem seems to be the use of raised numbers. Many years ago it used to be common for credit card purchases to involve using some form of carbon paper and the raised numbers made an impression on the credit card transfer form. I don t recall ever using a credit card in that way, I ve only had credit cards for about 18 years and my memories of the raised numbers on credit cards being used to make an impression on paper only involve watching my parents pay when I was young. It seems likely that someone who likes paying by credit card and does so at small companies might have some recent experience of carbon paper payment, but anyone who prefers EFTPOS and cash probably wouldn t. If the credit card number (used for phone and Internet transactions in situations where a smart card reader isn t available) wasn t raised then it could be changed by posting a sticker with a new number that the customer could apply to their card. The customer wouldn t even need to wait for the post before their card could be used again as the smart card part would never be invalid. The magnetic stripe on the card could be changed at any bank and there s no reason why an ATM couldn t identify a card by it s smart-card and then write a new magnetic stripe automatically. These problems aren t difficult to solve. The amounts of effort and money involved in solving them are tiny compared to the costs of cleaning up the mess from a major breach such as the recent Target one, the main thing that needs to be done to implement my ideas is widespread support of smart-card readers and that seems to have been done already. It seems to me that the main problem is the incompetence of financial institutions. I think the fact that there s no serious competitor to Paypal is one of the many obvious proofs of the incompetence of financial companies. The effective operation of banks is essential to the economy and the savings of individuals are guaranteed by the government (so when a bank fails a lot of tax money will be used). It seems to me that we need to have national banks run by governments with the aim of financial security. Even if banks were good at their business (and they obviously aren t) I don t think that they can be trusted with it, an organisation that s too big to fail is too big to lack accountability to the citizens.

• [1] http://tinyurl.com/msfby5q