Search Results: "nate"

31 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: digest 0.6.8

Release 0.6.8 of digest package is now on CRAN and will get to Debian shortly. This release opens the door to also providing the digest functionality at the C level to other R packages. Wush Wu is going to use the murmurHash C implementation in his recently-created FeatureHashing package. We plan to export the other hashing function as well. Another small change attempts to overcome a build limitation on that other largely-irrelevant-but-still-check-by-CRAN OS. CRANberries provides the usual summary of changes to the previous version.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

29 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: rfoaas 0.0.5

A new version of rfoaas is now on CRAN. The rfoaas package provides an interface for R to the most excellent FOAAS service--which provides a modern, scalable and RESTful web service for the frequent need to tell someone to eff off. This version aligns the rfoaas version number with the (at long last) updated upstream version number, and brings a change suggested by Richie Cotton to set the encoding of the returned object. As usual, CRANberries provides a diff to the previous release. Questions, comments etc should go to the GitHub issue tracker off the GitHub repo.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

28 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: RcppArmadillo 0.4.600.0

Conrad produced another minor release 4.600 of Armadillo. As before, I had created a GitHub-only pre-release(s) of his pre-release(s), and tested a pre-release as well as the actual release against the now over one hundred CRAN dependents of our RcppArmadillo package. The tests passed fine as usual with less than a handful of checks not passing, all for known cases -- and results are as always in the rcpp-logs repository. Changes are summarized below based on the NEWS.Rd file.
Changes in RcppArmadillo version 0.4.600.0 (2014-12-27)
  • Upgraded to Armadillo release Version 4.600 ("Off The Reservation")
    • added .head() and .tail() to submatrix views
    • faster matrix transposes within compound expressions
    • faster accu() and norm() when compiling with -O3 -ffast-math -march=native (gcc and clang)
    • workaround for a bug in GCC 4.4
Courtesy of CRANberries, there is also a diffstat report for the most recent release. As always, more detailed information is on the RcppArmadillo page. Questions, comments etc should go to the rcpp-devel mailing list off the R-Forge page.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

26 December 2014

Ritesh Raj Sarraf: Linux Containers and Productization

Linux has improved many many things over the last couple of years. Of the many improvements, the one that I've started leveraging the most today, are Control Groups. In the past, when there was a need to build a prototype for a solution, we needed hardware. Then came the virtualization richness to Linux. It came in 2 major flavors, KVM (Full Virtualization) and Xen (Para Virtualization). Over the years, the difference of para vs full, for both the implementations, is almost none. KVM now has support for Para-Virtualizaiton, with para-virtualized drviers for most resource intensive tasks, like network and I/O. Similarly, Xen has Full Virtualization support with the help of Qemu-KVM. But, if you had to build a prototype implementation comprising of a multi node setup, virtualization could still be resource hungry. Otherwise too, if your focus was an application (say like a web framework), virtualization was an overkill. All thanks to Linux Containers, prototyping applicaiton based solutions, is now a breeze in Linux. The LXC project is very well designed, and well balanced, in terms of features (as compared to the recently introduced Docker implementation). From an application's point of view, linux containers provide virtualization for namespace, network and resources. Thus making more than 90% of your application's needs fulfilled. For some apps, where a dependency on the kernel is needed, linux containers will not serve the need. Beyond the defaults provided by the distribution, I like to create a base container with my customizations, as a template. This allows me to quickly create environements, without too much housekeeping to do for the initial setup. My base config, looks like:
rrs@learner:~$ sudo cat /var/lib/lxc/deb-template/config
[sudo] password for rrs:
# Template used to create this container: /usr/share/lxc/templates/lxc-debian
# Parameters passed to the template:
# For additional config options, please look at lxc.container.conf(5)
# CPU
lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1
lxc.cgroup.cpu.shares = 1234
# Mem
lxc.cgroup.memory.limit_in_bytes = 2000M
lxc.cgroup.memory.soft_limit_in_bytes = 1500M
# Network
lxc.network.type = veth
lxc.network.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:0c:c5:d4
lxc.network.flags = up
lxc.network.link = lxcbr0
# Root file system
lxc.rootfs = /var/lib/lxc/deb-template/rootfs
# Common configuration
lxc.include = /usr/share/lxc/config/debian.common.conf
# Container specific configuration
lxc.mount = /var/lib/lxc/deb-template/fstab
lxc.utsname = deb-template
lxc.arch = amd64
# For apt
lxc.mount.entry = /var/cache/apt/archives var/cache/apt/archives none defaults,bind 0 0
23:07          
rrs@learner:~$
Some of the important settings to have in the templace are the mount point, to point to your local apt cache, and CPU and Memory limits. If there was one feature request to ask the LXC developers, I'd ask them to provide a util-lxc tools suite. Currently, to know the memory (soft/hard) allocation for the container, one needs to do the following:
rrs@learner:/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/lxc/deb-template$ cat memory.soft_limit_in_bytes memory.limit_in_bytes
1572864000
2097152000
23:21          
rrs@learner:/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/lxc/deb-template$ bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type  warranty'.
1572864000/1024/1024
1500
quit
23:21          
rrs@learner:/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/lxc/deb-template$
Tools like lxc-cpuinfo, lxc-free would be much better. Finally, there's been a lot of buzz about Docker. Docker is an alternate product offering, like LXC, for Linux Containers. From what I have briefly looked at, docker doesn't seem to be providing any ground breaking new interface than what is already possible with LXC. It does take all the tidbit tools, and presents you with a unified docker interface. But other than that, I couldn't find it much appealing. And the assumption that the profiles should be pulled off the internet (Github ?) is not very exciting. I am hoping they do have other options, where dependence on the network is not really required.

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Ritesh Raj Sarraf: Linux Desktop in 2014

We are almost at the end of 2014. While 2014 has been a year with many mixed experiences, I think it does warrant one blog entry ;-) Recently, I've again started spending more time on Linux products / solutions, than spending time focused on a specfic subsystem. This change has been good. It has allowed me to re-cap all the advancements that have happened in the Linux world, umm... in the last 5 years. Once upon a time, the Linux kernel sucked on the Desktop. It led to many desktop improvement related initiatives. Many accepted in kernel, while others stood as it is (out-of-tree) still as of today. Over the years, there are many people that advocate for such out-of-tree features, for example the -ck patchset, claiming it has better performance. Most of the times, these are patches not carried by your distribution vendor, which leads you to alternate sources, if you want to try. Having some spare time, I tried the Alternative Kernel project. It is nothing but a bunch of patchsets, on top of the stock kernel. After trying it out, I must say that these patchsets are out-of-tree, for good. I hardly could make out any performance gain. But I did notice a considerable increase in the power consumption. On my stock Debian kernel, the power consumption lies around 15-18 W. That increased to 20+ W on the alternate kernels. I guess most advocates for the out-of-tree patchsets, only measure the 1-2% performance gain, where as completely neglect the fact that that kernel sleeps less often. But back to the generic Linux kernel performance problem...... Recently, in the last 2 years, the performance suckiness of the Linux kernel is hardly noticed. So what changed ? The last couple of years have seen a rise in high capacity RAM, at affordable consumer price. 8 - 16 GiB of RAM is common on laptops these days. If you go and look at the sucky bug report linked above, it is marked as closed, justified Working as Designed. The core problem with the bug reported, has to do with slow media. The Linux scheduler is (in?)efficient. It works hard to give you the best throughput and performance (for server workloads). I/O threads are a high priority task in the Linux kernel. Now map this scene to the typical Linux desktop. If you end up with doing too much buffered I/O, thus exhausting all your available cache, and trigger paging, you are in for some sweet experience. Given that the kernel highly priotizes I/O tasks, and if your underneath persistent storage device is slow (which is common if you have an external USB disk, or even an internal rotating magnetic disk), you end up blocking all your CPU cycles against the slow media. Which further leads to no available CPU cycles for your other desktop tasks. Hence, when you do I/O at such level, you find your desktop go terribly sluggish. It is not that your CPU is slow or in-capable. It is just that all your CPU slices are blocked. Blocked waiting for your write() to report a completion. So what exactly changed that we don't notice that problem any more ????
  1. RAM - Increase in RAM has led to more I/O be accommodated in cache. The best way to see this in action is to do a copy of a large file, something almost equivalent to the amount of RAM you have. But make sure it is less than the overall amount. For example, if you have 4 GiB of RAM, try copying a file of size 3.5 GiB in your graphical file manager. And at the same time, on the terminal, keep triggering the sync command. Check how long does it take for the sync to complete. By being able to cache large amount of data, the Linux kernel has been better at improving the overall performance in the eyes of the user.
  2. File System - But RAM is not alone. The file system has played a very important role too. Earlier, with ext3 file system, we had a commit interval of (5?) 30 seconds. That led to the above mentioned sync equivalent to get triggered every 30 secs. It was a safety measure to ensure, that at worst, you lose 30 secs worth of data. But it did hinder performance. With ext4, came delayed allocation. Delayed Allocation allowed the write() to return immediate while the data was in cache, and deferred the task of actual write() to the file system. This allowed for the allocator to find the best contiguous slot for the data to be written. Thus it improved the file system. It also brough corruption for some of the apps. :-)
  3. Solid State Drives - The file system and RAM alone aren't the sole factors that led to the drastic improvement in the overall experience of the Linux desktop. If you read through the bug report linked in this article, you'll find the core root cause to be slow persistent storage devices. Could the allocator have been improved (like Windows) to not be so pressing of the Linux desktop ? Maybe, yes. But that was a decision for the kernel devs and they believed (and believe) to keep those numbers to minimum. Thus for I/O, as for today, you have 3 schedulers and for CPU, just 1. What dramatically improved the overall Linux Desktop performance was the general availability of solid state devices. These device are real fast, which in effect made the write() calls return immediate, and did not block the CPU.
So, it was the advancement in both hardware and software that led to better overall desktop performance. Does the above mentioned bug still exist ? Yes. Its just that it is much harder to trigger it now. You'll have to ensure that you max out your cache and trigger paging. And then try to do ask for some CPU cycles. But it wasn't that back then we didn't use Linux on the desktop / laptop. It sure did suck more than, say, Windows. But hey, sometimes we have to eat our own dog food. Even then, there sure were some efforts to overcome the then limitations. The first and obvious one is the out-of-tree patchset. But ther were also some other efforts to improve the situation. The first such effort, that I can recollect, was ulatency. With Linux adding support for Control Groups, there were multiple avenues open on how to tackle and tame the resource starvation problem. The crux of the problem was that Linux gave way too much priority to the I/O tasks. I still wish Linux has a profile mechanism, where in on the kernel command line, we could specify what profile should Linux boot into. Anyways, with ulatency, we saw improvements in the Linux Desktop experience. ulatency had in-built policies to whitelist / blacklist a set of profiles. For example, KDE was a profile. Thus, ulatency would club all KDE processes into a group and give that group a higher precedence to ensure that it had its fair share of CPU cycles. Today, at almost the end of 2014, there are many more consumer of Linux's control groups. Prominent names would be: LXC and systemd. ulatency has hardly seen much development in the last year. Probably it is time for systemd to take over. systemd is expected to bring lots of features to the Linux world, thus bridging the (many) gap Linux has had on the desktop. It makes extensive use of Control Groups for a variety of (good) reasons, which has led it to be a linux-only product. I think it should have never marketed itself as the init daemon. It rather fits better when called as the System Management Daemon. The path to Linux Desktop looks much brighter in 2015 and beyond thanks to all the advancements that have happened so far. The other important players, who should be thanked are Mobile and Low Latency products (Android, ChromeBook), whose engagement to productize Linux has led to better features overall.

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Francois Marier: Making Firefox Hello work with NoScript and RequestPolicy

Firefox Hello is a new beta feature in Firefox 34 which give users the ability to do plugin-free video-conferencing without leaving the browser (using WebRTC technology). If you cannot get it to work after adding the Hello button to the toolbar, this post may help.

Preferences to check There are a few preferences to check in about:config:
  • media.peerconnection.enabled should be true
  • network.websocket.enabled should be true
  • loop.enabled should be true
  • loop.throttled should be false

NoScript If you use the popular NoScript add-on, you will need to whitelist the following hosts:
  • about:loopconversation
  • hello.firefox.com
  • loop.services.mozilla.com
  • opentok.com
  • tokbox.com

RequestPolicy If you use the less popular but equally annoying RequestPolicy add-on, then you will need to whitelist the following destination host:
  • tokbox.com
as well as the following origin to destination mappings:
  • about:loopconversation -> firefox.com
  • about:loopconversation -> mozilla.com
  • about:loopconversation -> opentok.com
  • firefox.com -> mozilla.com
  • firefox.com -> mozilla.org
  • firefox.com -> opentok.com
  • mozilla.org -> firefox.com
I have unfortunately not been able to find a way to restrict tokbox.com to a set of (source, destination) pairs. I suspect that the use of websockets confuses RequestPolicy. If you find a more restrictive policy that works, please leave a comment!

Russ Allbery: rra-c-util 5.6

rra-c-util is my personal collection of infrastructure for C and Perl packages. This release has a quite-large accumulation of small fixes, mostly from work Julien LIE has done on merging it into INN and testing INN's portability on a wide variety of platforms. The highlights: You can get the latest version from the rra-c-util distribution page.

25 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: rfoaas 0.0.4.20141225 -- not on CRAN

A new version of rfoaas was prepared for CRAN, but refused on the grounds of having been updated within 24 hours. Oh well. To recap, the rfoaas package provides an interface for R to the most excellent FOAAS service -- which provides a modern, scalable and RESTful web service for the frequent need to tell someone to eff off. And having seen the Christmas Eve (ie December 24) update, upstream immediatly and rather kindly added a new xmas(name, from) function -- so now we could do rfoaas::xmas("CRAN Maintainers") to wish the CRAN Maintainers a very Merry Christmas. So for once, there is no CRANberries report as the package is not on CRAN :-/ There is of course always GitHub. Questions, comments etc should go to the GitHub issue tracker off the GitHub repo.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

Dirk Eddelbuettel: rfoaas 0.0.4.20141224

A new version of rfoaas is now on CRAN. The rfoaas package provides an interface for R to the most excellent FOAAS service -- which provides a modern, scalable and RESTful web service for the frequent need to tell someone to eff off. This is minor update, affecting only the rfoaas side without changes at the FOAAS backend side. We documented that the result may need an encoding update (at least on the World's leading consumer OS), and now provide a default value for from so that many services can be called argument-less, or at least with one argument less than before. Both of these were suggested by Richie Cotton via issue tickets at the GitHub repo. CRANberries also provides a diff to the previous release. Questions, comments etc should go to the GitHub issue tracker off the GitHub repo.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

24 December 2014

Gunnar Wolf: On rogue states disrupting foreign networks

Much ink has been spilled lately (well, more likely, lots of electrons have changed their paths lately as most of these communications have surely been electronic) on the effects, blame, assurance and everything related to the (allegedly) North Korean attack on Sony's networks. And yes, the list of components and affectations is huge. Technically it was a very interesting feat, but it's quite more interesting socially. Say, the not-so-few people wanting to wipe North Korea from the face of the Earth, as... Well, how did such a puny nation dare touch a private company that's based in the USA? Of course, there's no strong evidence the attack did originate in (or was funded by) North Korea. And... I have read very few people talking about the parallels to the infamous Stuxnet, malware written by USA and Israel (not officially admitted, but with quite a bit of evidence pointing to it, and no denial attempts after quite a wide media exposure). In 2010, this worm derailed Iran's nuclear program. Iran, a sovereign nation. Yes, many people doubt such a nuclear program would be used "for good, not for evil" But since when have those two words had an unambiguous meaning? And when did it become accepted as international law to operate based on hunches and a "everybody knows" mentality? So, how can the same people repudiate NK's alleged actions and applaud Stuxnet as a perfect weapon for peace?

23 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: RcppEigen 0.3.2.3.0

A new release of RcppEigen is now on CRAN, and will get to Debian shortly. This is thanks to a fabulous pull request by Yixuan Qiu who single-handedly managed to upgrade to the new minor release of Eigen -- after having expanded the unit tests a few weeks earlier in another pull request. The NEWS file entry follows.
Changes in RcppEigen version 0.3.2.3.0 (2014-12-22)
  • Updated to version 3.2.3 of Eigen
  • Added a number of additional unit tests for wrap, transform and sparse
  • Updated one of the examples
Courtesy of CRANberries, there is also a diffstat report for the most recent release.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

Ulrike Uhlig: How to contribute to the AppArmor upstream profiles

If you want to contribute to existing/upstream AppArmor profiles, you need to create an account on Canonical s launchpad. You ll also need to upload an SSH key to be able to push your changes. You will also need to install Canonical s version control system, called Bazaar:
apt-get install bzr
Go or create a repository where you want to checkout the changes:
mkdir apparmor-dev
cd apparmor-dev
bzr branch lp:apparmor-profiles master
ls master
Define your identity like this:
bzr whoami "My Name <my@email.com>"
Bazaar does not handle branches like Git does, unfortunately. It is a little bit weird in first place that you will need to create a directory where you would create a copy of the master branch. You would then work on this branch and later ask for a merge and pull into the master branch.
mkdir myname
bzr branch master myname/pidgin
ls myname/pidgin
Then, start modifying the profiles using a test editor and test them. Testing is done through dis/enabling the profile.
Once done, you can push the changes to your distant repository:
bzr push
Then, you need to connect to Launchpad s web interface. Go to your page, and look for the branch you just pushed. Click on change branch details and link the branch to apparmor-profiles. Then you will be able to do a merge request through the webinterface.

Vincent Bernat: Eudyptula Challenge: superfast Linux kernel booting

The Eudyptula Challenge is a series of programming exercises for the Linux kernel, that start from a very basic Hello world kernel module, moving on up in complexity to getting patches accepted into the main Linux kernel source tree.
One of the first tasks of this quite interesting challenge is to compile and boot your own kernel. eudyptula-boot is a self-contained shell script to boot any kernel image to a shell. It is packed with the following features: In the following video, eudyptula-boot is used to boot the host kernel and execute a few commands:
In the next one, we use it to boot a custom kernel with an additional system call. This is the fifteenth task of the Eudyptula Challenge. A test program is used to check that the system call is working as expected. Additionaly, we demonstrate how to attach a debugger to the running kernel.
While this hack could be used to run containers3 with an increased isolation, the performance of the 9p filesystem is unfortunately quite poor.

  1. The only requirement is to have 9p virtio support enabled. This can easily be enabled with make kvmconfig.
  2. Only udev is started.
  3. A good way to start a container is to combine --root, --force and --exec parameters. Add --readwrite to the mix if you want to keep the modifications.

22 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: BH release 1.55.0-1

A new release of BH, our package providing (a large part of the) Boost C++ libraries as a set of template headers for use by R, is now on CRAN. There are two changes. First, we upgraded to Boost 1.55. While Boost 1.57 is now current, I am playing it somewhat safe and conservative here by relying on what is the current version in Debian (and Ubuntu). I even started from the Debian tarball. This ensures we include nothing not in accordance with the Debian Free Software Guidelines (as they are a good proxy for what is acceptable to CRAN). The second change was the addition of Boost.Geometry as requested in issue ticket 5. This may be a good time to recall that best way to get in touch for desired additions in BH are the mailing list or the issue tracker at the GitHub repo. A brief summary of changes from the NEWS file (which we failed to update for the release; the text below is however now in the repo):
Changes in version 1.55.0-1 (2014-12-21)
Courtesy of CRANberries, there is also a (very long!) diffstat report for the most recent release. Comments and suggestions are welcome via the mailing list or the issue tracker at the GitHubGitHub repo.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

21 December 2014

Russ Allbery: Review: 2014 Hugos: Novelettes

Review: 2014 Hugos: Novelettes, edited by Loncon 3
Publisher: Loncon 3
Copyright: 2014
Format: Kindle
This is another weird "book review" covering the Hugo-nominated novelettes for the 2014 Hugos (given for works published in 2014) at Loncon 3, the 2014 Worldcon. The "editor" is the pool of attendees and supporting members who chose to nominate works, all of which had been previously edited by other editors in their original publication. I received all of these as part of the Hugo voter's packet for being a supporting member, but they all appear to be available for free on the Internet (at least at the time of this writing). "The Exchange Officers" by Brad Torgersen: An okay, if not particularly ground-breaking, military SF story, ruined for me by the ham-handed introduction of superficial jingoism. The protagonists are doing a tour as remote operators of humanoid battle suits in orbit: not a new premise, but a servicable one. Since this is military SF, they predictably have to defend a space installation against attackers. So we get a bit of drama, a bit of zero-g combat, and the fun of people learning how to remotely operate suits. You've probably read this before, but it passes the time reasonably well. Unfortunately, Torgersen decided to make the villains the Chinese military for no adequately-explained reason. (Well, I'm being kind; I suspect the reason is the standard yellow peril nonsense, but that's less generous.) So there is snide commentary about how only the military understand the Chinese threat and a fair bit of old-fashioned jingoism mixed in to the story, to its detriment. If you like this sort of thing, it's a typical example, although it escapes me why people thought it was exceptional enough to warrant nomination. (5) "The Lady Astronaut of Mars" by Mary Robinette Kowal: Once again, my clear favorite among the stories also won, which is a lovely pattern. Elma was the female astronaut in an alternate history in which manned space exploration continued to grow, leading to permanent settlement on Mars. She spent lots of time being photographed, being the smiling face of the space program, while her husband worked on the math and engineering of the launches. Now, she's an old woman, taking care of her failing and frail husband, her career behind her. Or so she thinks, before an offer that forces an impossible choice between space and staying with her husband for his final days. This is indeed the tear-jerker that it sounds like, but it's not as maudlin as it might sound. Kowal does an excellent job with Elma's characterization: she's no-nonsense, old enough to be confident in her opinions, and knows how to navigate through the world. The story is mixed with nostalgia and memories, including a reminder of just what Elma meant to others. It touches on heroism, symbolism, and the horrible choices around dying loved ones, but I thought it did so deftly and with grace. I was expecting the story to be too obvious, but I found I enjoyed the quotidian feel. It's not a story to read if you want to be surprised, but I loved the small touches. (9) "Opera Vita Aeterna" by Vox Day: Before the review, a note that I consider obligatory. The author of this story is an aggressively misogynistic white supremacist, well-known online for referring to black people as savages and arguing women should not be allowed to vote. To what extent you choose to take that into account when judging his fiction is up to you, but I don't think it should go unsaid. "Opera Vita Aeterna" is the story of a monastery in a typical fantasy world (at least as far as one can tell from this story; readers of Vox Day's fantasy series will probably know more background). At the start of the story, it gets an unexpected visit from an elf. Not just any elf, either, but one of the most powerful magicians of his society. He comes to the monastery out of curiousity about the god that the monks worship and stays for a project of illuminating their scriptures, while having theological debates with the abbot. This story is certainly not the offensive tirade that you might expect from its author. Its biggest problem is that nothing of substance happens in the story, either theologically or via more conventional action. It's a lot of description, a lot of talking, a lot of warmed-over Christian apologetics that dodges most of the hard problems, and a lot of assertions that the elf finds something of interest in this monastery. I can believe this could be the case, but Vox Day doesn't really show why. There is, at the end of the story, some actual drama, but I found it disappointing and pointless. It leads nowhere. The theology has the same problem: elves supposedly have no souls, which is should be the heart of a theological question or conflict Vox Day is constructing, but that conflict dies without any resolution. We know nothing more about the theology of this world at the end of the story than we do at the beginning. Some of the descriptions here aren't bad, and the atmosphere seems to want to develop into a story. But that development never happens, leaving the whole work feeling fundamentally pointless. (4) "The Truth of Fact, the Truth of Feelng" by Ted Chiang: This is another oddly-constructed story, although I think a bit more successful. It's a story in two interwoven parts. One is a fictional essay, told in a non-fiction style, about a man living in a future world with ubiquitous life recording and very efficient search software. Any part of one's life can be easily found and reviewed. The other is the story of a boy from a tribal culture during European colonialism. He learns to read and write, and from that a respect for written records, which come into conflict with the stories that the tribe elders tell about the past. The purpose of both of these stories is to question both the value and the implications of recording everything in a way that preserves and guarantees the facts instead of individual interpretations. The boy's story calls this into question; the narrator's story offers ambiguous support for its value and a deeper plea for giving people space to change. I found the style a bit difficult to get used to, since much of it did not feel like a story. But it grew on me as I read it, and the questions Chiang raises have stuck with me since. The problem of how and when to allow for change in others when we have perfect (or at least vastly improved) memory is both important and complicated, and this is one of the better presentations of the problem that I've seen. It's more of a think-y piece, and closer to non-fiction than a story, but I thought it was worth reading. (8) "The Waiting Stars" by Aliette de Bodard: I keep wanting to like de Bodard's space opera world of AIs and living ships, but it never quite works for me. I've read several stories set in this universe now, and it has some neat ideas, but I always struggle with the characters. This story at least doesn't have quite as much gruesome pregnancy as the previous ones (although there's still some). "The Waiting Stars" opens with a raid on a ship graveyard, an attempt to rescue and "reboot" an AI starship under the guidance of another Mind. This is intermixed with another story about a woman who was apparently rescued in childhood from birthing ship Minds and raised in a sort of foster institution. This feels like a flashback at first, but its interaction with the rest of the story is something more complicated. The conceptual trick de Bodard pulls here is thought-provoking, but once again I struggled to care about all of the characters. I also found the ending discouraging and unsatisfying, which didn't help. Someone who isn't me might really like this story, but it wasn't my thing. (6) Rating: 6 out of 10

Steve McIntyre: UEFI Debian installer work for Jessie, part 2

A month ago , I wrote about my plans for improved (U)EFI support in Jessie. It's about time I gave an update on progress! I spoke about adding support for installing grub-efi into the removable media path (#746662). That went into Debian's grub packages already, but there were a couple of bugs. First of all, the code could end up prompting people about EFI questions even when they didn't have any grub-efi packages installed. Doh! (#773004). Then there was an unexpected bug with case-insensitive file name handling on FAT/VFAT filesystems (#773092). I've posted (and tested!) patches to fix both, hopefully in an upload any day now. Next, I mentioned getting i386 UEFI support going again. This is a major feature that a lot of people have been asking for. It's also going to involve quite a bit of effort... Our existing (amd64) UEFI-capable images in Debian use the standard x86 El Torito CD boot method, with two boot images provided. One of these images gives us the traditional isolinux BIOS-boot support. The second option is an alternate El Torito image, including at a 64-bit version of grub-efi. For most machines, this works just fine - the BIOS or UEFI firmware will automatically pick the correct image and everybody's happy. This even works on our multi-arch i386/amd64 CDs and DVDs - isolinux will boot either kernel from the first El Torito image, or the alternate UEFI image is amd64 only. However, I can now see that there's been a long-standing issue with those multi-arch images, and it's to do with Macs. On the advice of Matthew Garrett, I've borrowed an old 32-bit Intel Mac to help testing, and it's quite instructive in terms of buggy firmware! The firmware on older 32-bit Intel Macs crashes hard when it detects more than one El Torito boot image, and I've now seen this happen myself. I've not had any bug reports about this, so I can only assume that we haven't had many users try that image. As far as I can tell, they've been using the normal i386 images in BIOS boot mode, and then struggling to get bootloaders working afterwards. There are a number of different posts on the net explaining how to do that. That's OK, but... If I now start adding 32-bit UEFI support to our standard set of i386 images, this will prevent users of old Macs from installing Debian. I could just say "screw it" and decide to not support those users at all, but that's not a very nice thing to do. If we want to continue to support them and add 32-bit UEFI support, I'll have to add another flavour of i386 image, either a "Mac special" or a "32-bit UEFI special". I'm not keen on doing that if I could avoid it, but the two options are mutually exclusive. Given the Mac problem is only on older hardware which (hopefully!) will be dying out, I'll probably pick that one as the special-case CD, and I'll make an extra netinst flavour only for those users to boot off. So, I've started playing with i386 UEFI stuff in the last couple of weeks too. I almost immediately found some showstopper behaviour bugs in the i386 versions of efivar and efibootmgr (#773412 and #773007), but I've debugged these with our Debian maintainer (Jared Dominguez) and the upstream developer (Peter Jones) and fixes should be in Jessie very soon. As I mentioned last month, the machines that most people have been requesting support for are the latest Bay Trail-based laptops and tablets. There are using 64-bit Intel Atom CPUs, but crippled with 32-bit UEFI firmware with no BIOS compatibility mode. This makes for some interesting issues. It's probably impossible to get a true answer why these machines are so broken by design, but there are several rumours. As far as I can see, most of these machines seem to ship with a limited version of 32-bit Windows 8.1. 32-bit Windows is smaller than 64-bit Windows, so fits much better in limited on-board storage space. But 32-bit Windows won't boot from 64-bit UEFI, so the firmware needed buggering to match. Ugh! To support these Bay Trail machines properly, we'll want to add a 32-bit UEFI installation option to our 64-bit images. I can tweak our CDs so that both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of grub-efi are included, and the on-board UEFI will load the right one needed. Then I'll need to make sure that all the 64-bit images also include grub-efi-ia32-bin from now on. With some extra logic, we'll need to remember that these new machines need that package installing instead of grub-efi-amd64-bin. It shouldn't be too hard, but let's see! :-) So, I've been out and bought one of these machines, an Asus X205TA. Lucas agreed that Debian will reimburse me (thanks!), so I'm not stuck with spending my own money on an otherwise unwanted machine! I can see via Google that none of the mainstream Linux distros support the Bay Trail machines fully yet, so there's not a lot of documentation yet. Initial boot on the new machine was easy using a quick-hack i386 UEFI image on USB, but from there everything went downhill quickly. I'll need to investigate some more, but the laptop's own keyboard and trackpad are not detected by the installer system. Neither is its built-in WiFi. Yay! I had to go and dig out a USB hub to connect the installer image USB key, a keyboard, mouse and a USB hard drive to the machine, as it only has 2 USB ports. I've taken a complete backup of the on-board 32GB flash before I start experimenting, so I can restore the machine back to its virgin state for future testing. I guess I now have a project to keep me busy over Christmas...! In other news, we've been continuing work on UEFI support for and within the new arm64 port. My ARM/Linaro colleague Leif Lindholm has been back-porting upstream kernel features and bug fixes to make d-i work, and filing Debian bugs when silly things break on arm64 because people don't think about other architectures (e.g #773311, doh!). As there are more and more people interested in (U)EFI support these days, I've also proposed that we create a new debian-efi mailing list to help focus discussion. See #773327 and follow up there if you think you'd use the list too! You can help! Same as 2 years ago, I'll need help testing some of these images. For the 32-bit UEFI support, I now have some relevant hardware myself, but testing on other machines too will be very important! I'll start pushing unofficial Jessie EFI test images shortly - watch this space.

20 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: digest 0.6.7

Release 0.6.7 of digest package is now on CRAN and in Debian. Jim Hester was at it again and added murmurHash. I cleaned up several sets of pedantic warnings in some of the source files, updated the test reference out, and that forms version 0.6.7. CRANberries provides the usual summary of changes to the previous version.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

19 December 2014

Dirk Eddelbuettel: Rocker is now the official R image for Docker

big deal Something happened a little while ago which we did not have time to commensurate properly. Our Rocker image for R is now the official R image for Docker itself. So getting R (via Docker) is now as simple as saying docker pull r-base. This particular container is essentially just the standard r-base Debian package for R (which is one of a few I maintain there) plus a mininal set of extras. This r-base forms the basis of our other containers as e.g. the rather popular r-studio container wrapping the excellent RStudio Server. A lot of work went into this. Carl and I also got a tremendous amount of help from the good folks at Docker. Details are as always at the Rocker repo at GitHub. Docker itself continues to make great strides, and it has been great fun help to help along. With this post I achieved another goal: blog about Docker with an image not containing shipping containers. Just kidding.

This post by Dirk Eddelbuettel originated on his Thinking inside the box blog. Please report excessive re-aggregation in third-party for-profit settings.

18 December 2014

Wouter Verhelst: Introducing libjoy

I've owned a Logitech Wingman Gamepad Extreme since pretty much forever, and although it's been battered over the years, it's still mostly functional. As a gamepad, it has 10 buttons. What's special about it, though, is that the device also has a mode in which a gravity sensor kicks in and produces two extra axes, allowing me to pretend I'm really talking to a joystick. It looks a bit weird though, since you end up playing your games by wobbling the gamepad around a bit. About 10 years ago, I first learned how to write GObjects by writing a GObject-based joystick API. Unfortunately, I lost the code at some point due to an overzealous rm -rf call. I had planned to rewrite it, but that never really happened. About a year back, I needed to write a user interface for a customer where a joystick would be a major part of the interaction. The code there was written in Qt, so I write an event-based joystick API in Qt. As it happened, I also noticed that jstest would output names for the actual buttons and axes; I had never noticed this, because due to my 10 buttons and 4 axes, which by default produce a lot of output, the jstest program would just scroll the names off my screen whenever I plugged it in. But the names are there, and it's not too difficult. Refreshing my memory on the joystick API made me remember how much fun it is, and I wrote the beginnings of what I (at the time) called "libgjs", for "Gobject JoyStick". I didn't really finish it though, until today. I did notice in the mean time that someone else released GObject bindings for javascript and also called that gjs, so in the interest of avoiding confusion I decided to rename my library to libjoy. Not only will this allow me all kinds of interesting puns like "today I am releasing more joy", it also makes for a more compact API (compare joy_stick_open() against gjs_joystick_open()). The library also comes with a libjoy-gtk that creates a GtkListStore* which is automatically updated as joysticks are added and removed to the system; and a joytest program, a graphical joystick test program which also serves as an example of how to use the API. still TODO: What's there is functional, though. Update: if you're going to talk about code, it's usually a good idea to link to said code. Thanks, Emanuele, for pointing that out ;-)

Gregor Herrmann: GDAC 2014/18

what constantly fascinates me in debian is that people sit at home, have an idea, work on it, & then suddenly present it to an unexpecting public; all without prior announcements or discussions, & totally apart from any hot discussion-de-jour. the last example I encountered & tried out just now is the option to edit source packages online & submit patches. - I hope we as a project can keep up with this creativity!
this posting is part of GDAC (gregoa's debian advent calendar), a project to show the bright side of debian & why it's fun for me to contribute.

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