How a window manager with tiling layouts makes a 1024x600 resolution livable.
I spend a lot of time in front of a screen, and for the past year I have
used only my netbook. No desktops, no laptops. Just a cheap $200 computer
that is nearly a kid's toy. The most challenging thing about this is
dealing with the 1024x600 screen resolution. When I moved to this screen
from something with many more pixels, it at first seemed very cramped.
After a year, I think that the most important part of coping with the small
screen is the flexability and customizability of layouts provided by the
Xmonad window manager. In this post I will explain a few layouts I have
developed for fitting specific tasks onto the netbook screen.
(I assume that you know maybe 0.1% of Haskell (about what I do),
and can read Haskell code without having a brain aneurysm.)
web browsing
It's important that the web browser have as few toolbars and other
cruft as possible, as horizontal space is especially at a premium. I've
configured both Epiphany and Firefox to put everything in one tool bar.
But now I use Chromium, which comes pre-configured that way.
What the netbook is designed for. You just want a web browser, taking up
the full screen, and with its own tabs. So far, so easy: that's Xmonad's
Full layout.
But, you sometimes want to see two websites side-by-side. This layout
accomplishes that, allowing the sizes to be adjusted as needed. It also
uses Xmonad's
Magnifier to zoom the smaller window when it's focused,
which is useful if you briefly need to see more of a web site.
mySplit = magnifiercz' 1.4 $ Tall nmaster delta ratio
where
-- The default number of windows in the master pane
nmaster = 1
-- Percent of screen to increment by when resizing panes
delta = 3/100
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by master pane
ratio = 60/100
web development
If you're doing web development, you'll want probably one big web browser
window, but also with a nice wide terminal on the same screen, in order to
see web server logs. A simple way to do this is to mirror Xmonad's
Tall
layout by 90 degrees.
myWide = Mirror $ Tall nmaster delta ratio
where
-- The default number of windows in the master pane
nmaster = 1
-- Percent of screen to increment by when resizing panes
delta = 3/100
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by master pane
ratio = 80/100
The
myWide layout uses the full screen width for a single terminal,
and splits the width when there are more. This is sufficient for viewing logs
and doing minor things at the shell prompt, in between testing the result in
the web browser. Of course a terminal can be temporarily moved to the master
area by pressing
mod-return, if you need it to be larger.
chat
Tips on configuring Pidgin for a netbook: Set it up to use vertical tabs to
save horizontal space. Configure the input area to only 1 line tall, and
turn off as much other cruft as you can. The menu bars, sadly, cannot be
disabled, nor can the excessively large borders. In my screenshots, you
can see that stuff wasting space that could be used to show four more lines
of text.
For chat, you want to put the buddy list on the side of the
screen, and use the rest for conversation windows. Xmonad's
IM module
takes care of allocating a sidebar on the screen for the buddy window. The
rest of the screen can be occupied by any layout you choose.
I like to have the conversation windows be as wide as possible, and
typically only want to see two conversations at a time. But sometimes I
might have a dozen visible. A good layout to cope with those needs is
Grid.
myChat' l = withIM size roster l
where
-- Ratio of screen roster will occupy
size = 1%5
-- Match roster window
roster = Title "Buddy List"
myChat = myChat' Grid
The
withIM layout puts the buddy list on the left; I prefer it on the right
for some reason, so I tweaked my layout to do that. All it took was
using the
reflectHoriz layout modifier to get a mirror image of
the layout. Then I reflect the inner layout back to its normal orientation.
Being able to throw in a few function calls and mutate a layout like that
is where Xmonad shines.
myChat' l = reflectHoriz $ withIM size roster $
reflectHoriz $ l
logs
Ever notice that
tail -f wastes the last line of the terminal? On a netbook
this matters.
shorttail
lets the last line be used.
I have a dedidated workspace that I use to tail logs, and as a place to
send long-running tasks (such as compiles). The layout for this needs to
keep windows wide, to see whole logged lines, but they need only be five
or so lines tall. And it's convenient to have one bigger window with the
small ones below. Xmonad has a perfect layout for this, called
Dishes,
because it's sorta like a stack of plates.
myDish = limitWindows 5 $ Dishes nmaster ratio
where
-- The default number of windows in the master pane
nmaster = 1
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by other panes
ratio = 1/5
In the second screenshot above, I have 6 windows open, but only 5 are
visible. The limitWindows 5 accomplishes this. It's handy mostly because
gnome-terminal has a bad habit of crashing when resized to 0x0.
(That's gotta be a bug in something!)
Notice that the screenshots above also have Procmeter in a sidebar on
the right. I (ab)used the
withIM layout to do that:
myLogs' l = reflectHoriz $ withIM procmeterSize procmeter $
reflectHoriz $ l
where
-- Ratio of screen procmeter will occupy
procmeterSize = 1%7
-- Match procmeter
procmeter = ClassName "ProcMeter3"
myLogs = myLogs' myDish
coding
Everything above was easy. Doing coding (or writing) on a small screen is
where it gets hard. When I'm coding I want to have one window that is
exactly 80 columns wide, and as tall as possible, where I do the main
development. Then I need a minimum of two other windows also visible: one
action window for running tests and the like, and one to view references
(emails, man pages, other files, etc). I may need to view any of these
windows fullscreen at any time, of course.
As an example of the three window rule:
While I'm writing this post, I have a reference window open
with my .xmonad/xmonad.hs, and an action window open where I am
managing screenshots.
Often, deep into something, I will accumulate many other reference and action
windows. But three seems to be the magic, minimum number for me;
use of
screen or anything else doesn't reduce it; if I can't see all
three at once, I will waste time and concentration flipping back and forth.
The Xmonad layout I've developed to handle this is based on the handy
FixedColumn layout, which automatically keeps the master window 80
columns wide. I modify this by adding the
Magnifier, so that my action
and reference windows "pop out" over the master window when focused.
myCode = limitWindows 3 $ magnifiercz' 1.4 $ FixedColumn 1 20 80 10
The 1.4 was carefully tuned, to magnify a window to be big enough to be
usable for editing, reading, or command-line, while not obscuring too much
of the other two windows. And again I use
limitWindows, to only show
three windows, in order to keep them all as big as possible. Other windows
are hidden offscreen, but I can rotate to them with alt-tab as needed.
reading ebooks
When I'm reading an ebook, I want to have the reader in the middle of the
screen. But a widescreen netbook like mine is too wide to comfortably
read text all the way across, so it's nice to have margins. (In the margins,
I put terminals, or notes.)
The
ThreeColumns module has a layout that does just that.
myBook = ThreeColMid nmaster delta ratio
where
nmaster = 1
-- Percent of screen to increment by when resizing panes
delta = 3/100
-- Default proportion of screen occupied by master pane
ratio = 2/3
putting it all together
I join all my layouts together, so Xmonad will allow switching
between them. These three combinations all have the same layouts,
only ordered differently, so that different workspaces can have
different default layouts.
codeFirst = myCode myWide myGrid myDish
dishFirst = myDish myCode myWide myGrid
gridFirst = myGrid myDish myCode myWide
Xmonad layouts can be decorated with things like title bars. To save
horizontal space, I leave off the title bars on layouts where they
are not needed to disambiguate windows. Two helper functions can be applied
to add or remove titles (and also cause the layout to avoid the Gnome
panel.)
withTitles l = noFrillsDeco shrinkText myTheme (desktopLayoutModifiers l)
noTitles l = desktopLayoutModifiers l
I have semi-dedicated workspaces; one for each of the above activities.
To assign a layout to a workspace, I use the
PerWorkspace module.
Notice that the "web" workspace has only two available layouts.
Meanwhile, the "book" workspace always uses the specialized myBook
layout; I don't use that layout elsewhere.
perWS = onWorkspace "logs" (withTitles $ myLogs' dishFirst) $
onWorkspace "web" (noTitles $ (mySplit myWide)) $
onWorkspace "chat" (noTitles $ myChat' gridFirst) $
onWorkspace "book" (noTitles $ myBook) $
(withTitles $ codeFirst)
Finally, I allow toggling between the currently selected layout and
fullscreen mode, and use
smartBorders to avoid displaying borders when
there is only one window onscreen.
myLayout = smartBorders $ toggleLayouts Full perWS
Xmonad layout optimised for the small screen of a netbook:
Done!
(For now...)
PS: Thanks to
#xmonad regulars for always having the answer
I need up their sleeves.
I think Monty has well and truly lost it.
The European Commision, after careful consideration, has cleared
Oracle's purchase of Sun:
It still doesn t seem to be getting the coverage, but this is the sixth year that I ve written about the World Economic Forum, which is basically where large corporations try to tell governments how to rule their populations, as described in 
Good people steal ideas, right? On that basis I setup 
This is the story of a weirdly unfriendly/non-compliant IMAP server, and some nice interactions that arose from a debugging session around it. Over the holidays, i got to do some computer/network debugging for friends and family. One old friend (I'll call him 
I recently tried to improve my way to interact with people by mail, in
my free software work. Particularly, my intent is to be "better" in
using other people names and specific politeness rules.
As many of my readers may guess, being involved in
internationalization means interacting with people of different
cultures.
And, when it comes at names, this is just a nightmare..:-)
Most so-called "westerners" (western of what, by the way?) are used to
the common tradition we share to use people's "first" name....at
first...followed by what is most often the "family" name (the one we
usually get from our parents).
As a consequence, it is fairly easy for me to guess that, interacting
with someone named "Barack Obama", I can use "Dear Barack" if I'm in
position to use his first name and "Mr Obama" if I need to show some
respect distance whatever.
Also, as most "western" names are quite familiar in my ears
(international culture, blah blah), I can easily guess what is a first
name and what is a family name (though, here, "Barack" is probably not
the best example). Gender may become a little bit trickier in several
cases, but, thankfully, in English, "Dear" does not change with gender
(but the third person does whic sometimes leads to problems).
The problem arises when interacting with many other culturally
different people such as my friends in Japan, China, India, Africa,
etc. Here, dammit, the habits might vary a lot and things get
harder.
Should I call my friend "Kenshi Muto" as "Dear Kenshi",
"Kenshi-san", "Muto-san" or whatever? From my readings, I see that
most Japanese people do put their family name at first. So, I should
then call him "Dear Muto" if I'm very close to him (oh, maybe it's
'her', by the way, who knows?)...or maybe "Kenshi-sensei" because he
(oh...or she) is a respected figure in the Japanese FLOSS
community...or whatever. Damn!
Thankfully, I know Kenshi for years, we're good friends and I know
that he's using the "western" way to write his name. I also know he's
a man : after 5 or 6 Debconfs, you know everything about people!
But, of course, it becomes harder when it comes at people I never had
contacts before.....and I don't want to appear as impolite, or silly
so, then we jump into my daily "nightmare". Using Wikipedia for hints
about 
)
A friend of mine is interested in trying out the 
I ve just bought a Packard Bell OneTwo (M3700), a 600 Euros all-in-one computer with a 20 multipoint touch screen (there are bigger models with 23 touch screen, wifi and some other options). This machine will be used to run OpenBravoPOS, a free (libre) point of sale software. So far, I think this machine is just perfect for the job.
Getting it to run smoothly under Linux is not a walk in the park, however. There are some quirks and some assembly is required, but once you re done (that takes a couple of hours at most once you ve got all the info, which you have if you re reading this) this machine is just great.
It s fast, with a 2.1 GHz Pentium Dual-Core (T4300) CPU, 4 GB of RAM, an Intel GM45 GPU with up to 256 MB of shared RAM, gigabit networking, a fast 320 GB SATA disk and a combo DVD-drive (not a slot-in, too bad). The screen is nice, and the touchscreen is incredibly smooth, precise and sensitive. The sound is good, the webcam is great and it works out of the box, too!
Update: added a note about the card reader.
Before you go
Enter the BIOS and bump the amount of memory allocated to the GPU to 256 MB. By default, the machine ships with only 64 MB allocated to the GPU, which is low and ridiculous considering it is equipped with 4 GB
Installing Debian
Forget about installing Lenny with debian-installer on this machine. The standard installer with its 2.6.26 kernel doesn t support the network interface properly. Upgraded installer images with 2.6.28 or 2.6.30 kernels end up locking the machine solid before the first installer screen.
Your best friend: System Rescue CD. Your other best friend: debootstrap.
Before rebooting, install the 2.6.30 kernel from backports.org. It works like a charm, even if the 2.6.30 on the upgraded installer locked up solid. Go figure :) While you re at it, install X from Testing. You need a recent enough version of the intel driver that will support the GM45 chip.
Configuring X
This is the first and the biggest quirk on this machine. The LCD is actually wired up to both the VGA and the LVDS outputs on the graphic card, and advertises different resolutions on both. The native resolution (1600 900 on this model) is only advertised on the LVDS output.
While fiddling with X, it becomes obvious that the VGA output is used as the boot video device. If you disable the output in X with xrandr, you loose the text consoles. My un(?)educated guess is that this setup allowed them to use a standard desktop PC BIOS instead of using a more expensive laptop BIOS. I may be wrong, but that s pretty much the only thing that makes sense to me.
Anyway. If you want X to work properly, you ll have to tell it to ignore the VGA output entirely.