Search Results: "tar"

15 June 2023

Shirish Agarwal: Ayisha, Manju Warrier, Debutsav, Books

Ayisha After a long time I saw a movie that I enjoyed wholeheartedly. And it unexpectedly touched my heart. The name of the movie is Ayisha. The first frame of the movie itself sets the pace where we see Ayisha (Manju Warrier) who decides to help out a gang as lot of women were being hassled. So she agrees to hoodwink cops and help launder some money. Then she is shown to work as a maid for an elite Arab family. To portray a Muslim character in these polarized times really shows guts especially when the othering of the Muslim has been happening 24 7. In fact, just few days back I was shocked to learn that Muslim homes were being marked as Jews homes had been marked in the 1930 s. Not just homes but also businesses too. And after few days in a total hypocritical fashion one of the judges says that you cannot push people to buy or not buy from a shop. This is after systemically doing the whole hate campaign for almost 2 weeks. What value the judge s statements are after 2 weeks ??? The poison has already seeped in  But I m drifting from the topic/movie.

The real fun of the movie is the beautiful relationship that happens between Ayisha and Mama, she is the biggest maternal figure in the house and in fact, her command is what goes in the house. The house or palace which is the perfect description is shown as being opulent but not as rich as both Mama and Ayisha are, spiritually and emotionally both giving and sharing of each other. Almost a mother daughter relationship, although with others she is shown as having a bit of an iron hand. Halfway through the movie we come to know that Ayisha was also a dramatist and an actress having worked in early Malayalam movies. I do not want to go through all the ups and downs as that is the beauty of the movie and it needs to be seen for that aspect. I am always sort of in two worlds where should I promote a book or series or movie or not because most of the time it is the unexpected that works. When we have expectation it doesn t. Avatar, the Way of the Water is an exception, not many movies I can recall like that where I had expectations and still the movie surpassed it. So maybe go with no expectations at all

Manju Warrier Manju Warrier should actually be called Manju Warrior as she chose to be with the survivor rather than the sexism that is prevalent in the Malayalam film industry which actually is more or less a mirror of Bollywood and society as whole. These three links should give enough background knowledge as to what has been happening although I m sure my Malayalam friends would more than add to that knowledge whatever may be missing. In quite a few movies, the women are making inroads without significant male strength. Especially Manju s movies have no male lead for the last few movies. Whether that is deliberate part on Manju or an obstacle being put in front of her. Anyone knows that having a male lead and a female lead enriches the value of a movie quite a bit. This doesn t mean one is better than the other but having both enriches the end product, as simple as that. This is sadly not happening. Having POSH training and having an ICC is something that each organization should look forward for. It s kind of mandatory need of hour, especially when we have young people all around us. I am hopeful that people who are from Kerala would shed some more background light on what has been happening.

Books I haven t yet submitted an application for Debconf. But my idea is irrespective of whether or not I m there, I do hope we can have a library where people can donate books and people can take away books as well. A kind of circular marketplace/library where just somebody notes what books are available. Even if 100 odd people are coming to Debconf that easily means 100 books of various languages. That in itself would be interesting and to see what people are reading, wanting to discuss etc. We could even have readings. IIRC, in 2016 we had a children s area, maybe we could do some readings from some books to children which fuels their imagination. Even people like me who are deaf would be willing to look at excerpts and be charmed by them. For instance, in all my forays of fantasy literature except for Babylon Steel I haven t read one book that has a female lead character and I have read probably around 100 odd fantasy books till date. Not a lot but still to my mind, is a big gap as far as literature is concerned. How would more women write fantasy if they don t have heroes to look forward to :(. Or maybe I may be missing some authors and characters that others know and I do not. Do others feel the same or this question hasn t even been asked ??? Dunno. Please let me know.

Debutsav So apparently Debutsav is happening 2 days from now. While I did come to know about it few days back I had to think whether I want to apply for this or apply for Debconf as I physically, emotionally can t do justice to both even though they are a few months apart. I wish all the best for the attendees as well as presenters sharing all the projects and hopefully somebody shares at least some of the projects that are presented there so we may know what new projects or softwares to follow or whatever. Till later.

Thomas Lange: 20.000 customized images created by the FAI.me build service

The counter of the FAI.me build service has reached 20.000. This counter was added shortly after the service was started in November 2017. Since then, this service has built more than 21.000 installation images and more than 1300 cloud disk images. In the last few month we had averaged 100 requests per week. Some statistics which settings are popular: I still have some more ideas for the future: Build your own custom Live ISO Thanks for all your feedback I got to improve this service. The build service is available on the FAI project website at https://fai-project.org/FAIme

Jonathan Dowland: containers as first-class network citizens

I've moved to having containers be first-class citizens on my home network, so any local machine (laptop, phone,tablet) can communicate directly with them all, but they're not (by default) exposed to the wider Internet. Here's why, and how. After I moved containers from docker to Podman and systemd, it became much more convenient to run web apps on my home server, but the default approach to networking (each container gets an address on a private network between the host server and containers) meant tedious work (maintaining and reconfiguring a HTTP reverse proxy) to make them reachable by other devices. A more attractive arrangement would be if each container received an IP from the range used by my home LAN, and were automatically addressable from any device on it. To make the containers first-class citizens on my home LAN, first I needed to configure a Linux network bridge and attach the host machine's interface to it (I've done that many times before); then define a new Podman network, of type "bridge". podman-network-create (1) serves as reference, but the blog post Exposing Podman containers fully on the network is an easier read (skip past the macvlan bit). I've opted to choose IP addresses for each container by hand. The Podman network is narrowly defined to a range of IPs that are within the subnet that my ISP-provided router uses, but outside the range of IPs that it allocates. When I start up a container by hand for the first time, I choose a free IP from the sub-range by hand and add a line to /etc/avahi/hosts on the parent machine, e.g.
192.168.1.33 octoprint.local
I then start the container specifying that address, e.g.
podman run --rm -d --name octoprint \
        ...
        --network bridge_local --ip 192.168.1.33 \
        octoprint/octoprint
I can now access that container from any device in my house (laptop, phone, tablet...) via octoprint.local. What's next Although it's not a huge burden, it would be nice to not need to statically define the addresses in /etc/avahi/hosts (perhaps via "IPAM"). I've also been looking at WireGuard (which should be the subject of a future blog post) and combining this with that would be worthwhile.

12 June 2023

Matthew Palmer: Private Key Redaction: Redux

[Note: the original version of this post named the author of the referenced blog post, and the tone of my writing could be construed to be mocking or otherwise belittling them. While that was not my intention, I recognise that was a possible interpretation, and I have revised this post to remove identifying information and try to neutralise the tone. On the other hand, I have kept the identifying details of the domain involved, as there are entirely legitimate security concerns that result from the issues discussed in this post.] I have spoken before about why it is tricky to redact private keys. Although that post demonstrated a real-world, presumably-used-in-the-wild private key, I ve been made aware of commentary along the lines of this representative sample:
I find it hard to believe that anyone would take their actual production key and redact it for documentation. Does the author have evidence of this in practice, or did they see example keys and assume they were redacted production keys?
Well, buckle up, because today s post is another real-world case study, with rather higher stakes than the previous example.

When Helping Hurts Today s case study begins with someone who attempted to do a very good thing: they wrote a blog post about using HashiCorp Vault to store certificates and their private keys. In his post, they included some test data, a certificate and a private key, which they redacted. Unfortunately, they did not redact these very well. Each base64 blob has had one line replaced with all xs. Based on the steps I explained previously, it is relatively straightforward to retrieve the entire, intact private key.

From Bad to OMFG Now, if this post author had, say, generated a fresh private key (after all, there s no shortage of possible keys), that would not be worthy of a blog post. As you may surmise, that is not what happened. After reconstructing the insufficiently-redacted private key, you end up with a key that has a SHA256 fingerprint (in hex) of: 72bef096997ec59a671d540d75bd1926363b2097eb9fe10220b2654b1f665b54 Searching for certificates which use that key fingerprint, we find one result: a certificate for hiltonhotels.jp (and a bunch of other, related, domains, as subjectAltNames). As of the time of writing, that certificate is not marked as revoked, and appears to be the same certificate that is currently presented to visitors of that site. This is, shall we say, not great. Anyone in possession of this private key which, I should emphasise, has presumably been public information since the post s publication date of February 2023 has the ability to completely transparently impersonate the sites listed in that certificate. That would provide an attacker with the ability to capture any data a user entered, such as personal information, passwords, or payment details, and also modify what the user s browser received, including injecting malware or other unpleasantness. In short, no good deed goes unpunished, and this attempt to educate the world at large about the benefits of secure key storage has instead published private key material. Remember, kids: friends don t let friends post redacted private keys to the Internet.

11 June 2023

Michael Prokop: What to expect from Debian/bookworm #newinbookworm

Bookworm Banner, Copyright 2022 Juliette Taka Debian v12 with codename bookworm was released as new stable release on 10th of June 2023. Similar to what we had with #newinbullseye and previous releases, now it s time for #newinbookworm! I was the driving force at several of my customers to be well prepared for bookworm. As usual with major upgrades, there are some things to be aware of, and hereby I m starting my public notes on bookworm that might be worth also for other folks. My focus is primarily on server systems and looking at things from a sysadmin perspective. Further readings As usual start at the official Debian release notes, make sure to especially go through What s new in Debian 12 + Issues to be aware of for bookworm. Package versions As a starting point, let s look at some selected packages and their versions in bullseye vs. bookworm as of 2023-02-10 (mainly having amd64 in mind):
Package bullseye/v11 bookworm/v12
ansible 2.10.7 2.14.3
apache 2.4.56 2.4.57
apt 2.2.4 2.6.1
bash 5.1 5.2.15
ceph 14.2.21 16.2.11
docker 20.10.5 20.10.24
dovecot 2.3.13 2.3.19
dpkg 1.20.12 1.21.22
emacs 27.1 28.2
gcc 10.2.1 12.2.0
git 2.30.2 2.39.2
golang 1.15 1.19
libc 2.31 2.36
linux kernel 5.10 6.1
llvm 11.0 14.0
lxc 4.0.6 5.0.2
mariadb 10.5 10.11
nginx 1.18.0 1.22.1
nodejs 12.22 18.13
openjdk 11.0.18 + 17.0.6 17.0.6
openssh 8.4p1 9.2p1
openssl 1.1.1n 3.0.8-1
perl 5.32.1 5.36.0
php 7.4+76 8.2+93
podman 3.0.1 4.3.1
postfix 3.5.18 3.7.5
postgres 13 15
puppet 5.5.22 7.23.0
python2 2.7.18 (gone!)
python3 3.9.2 3.11.2
qemu/kvm 5.2 7.2
ruby 2.7+2 3.1
rust 1.48.0 1.63.0
samba 4.13.13 4.17.8
systemd 247.3 252.6
unattended-upgrades 2.8 2.9.1
util-linux 2.36.1 2.38.1
vagrant 2.2.14 2.3.4
vim 8.2.2434 9.0.1378
zsh 5.8 5.9
Linux Kernel The bookworm release ships a Linux kernel based on version 6.1, whereas bullseye shipped kernel 5.10. As usual there are plenty of changes in the kernel area, including better hardware support, and this might warrant a separate blog entry, but to highlight some changes: See Kernelnewbies.org for further changes between kernel versions. Configuration management puppet s upstream sadly still doesn t provide packages for bookworm (see PA-4995), though Debian provides puppet-agent and puppetserver packages, and even puppetdb is back again, see release notes for further information. ansible is also available and made it with version 2.14 into bookworm. Prometheus stack Prometheus server was updated from v2.24.1 to v2.42.0 and all the exporters that got shipped with bullseye are still around (in more recent versions of course). Virtualization docker (v20.10.24), ganeti (v3.0.2-3), libvirt (v9.0.0-4), lxc (v5.0.2-1), podman (v4.3.1), openstack (Zed), qemu/kvm (v7.2), xen (v4.17.1) are all still around. Vagrant is available in version 2.3.4, also Vagrant upstream provides their packages for bookworm already. If you re relying on VirtualBox, be aware that upstream doesn t provide packages for bookworm yet (see ticket 21524), but thankfully version 7.0.8-dfsg-2 is available from Debian/unstable (as of 2023-06-10) (VirtualBox isn t shipped with stable releases since quite some time due to lack of cooperation from upstream on security support for older releases, see #794466). rsync rsync was updated from v3.2.3 to v3.2.7, and we got a few new options: OpenSSH OpenSSH was updated from v8.4p1 to v9.2p1, so if you re interested in all the changes, check out the release notes between those version (8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1 + 9.2). Let s highlight some notable new features: One important change you might wanna be aware of is that as of OpenSSH v8.8, RSA signatures using the SHA-1 hash algorithm got disabled by default, but RSA/SHA-256/512 AKA RSA-SHA2 gets used instead. OpenSSH has supported RFC8332 RSA/SHA-256/512 signatures since release 7.2 and existing ssh-rsa keys will automatically use the stronger algorithm where possible. A good overview is also available at SSH: Signature Algorithm ssh-rsa Error. Now tools/libraries not supporting RSA-SHA2 fail to connect to OpenSSH as present in bookworm. For example python3-paramiko v2.7.2-1 as present in bullseye doesn t support RSA-SHA2. It tries to connect using the deprecated RSA-SHA-1, which is no longer offered by default with OpenSSH as present in bookworm, and then fails. Support for RSA/SHA-256/512 signatures in Paramiko was requested e.g. at #1734, and eventually got added to Paramiko and in the end the change made it into Paramiko versions >=2.9.0. Paramiko in bookworm works fine, and a backport by rebuilding the python3-paramiko package from bookworm for bullseye solves the problem (BTDT). Misc unsorted Thanks to everyone involved in the release, happy upgrading to bookworm, and let s continue with working towards Debian/trixie. :)

10 June 2023

Marco d'Itri: On having a track record in operating systems development

Now that Debian 12 has been released with proprietary firmwares on the official media, non-optional merged-/usr and systemd adopted by everybody, I want to take a moment to list, not without some pride, a few things that I was right about over the last 20 years: Accepting the obvious solution about firmwares took 18 years. My work on the merged-/usr transition started in 2014, and the first discussions about replacing sysvinit are from 2011. The general adoption of udev (and dynamic device names, and persistent network interface names...) took less time in comparison and no large-scale flame wars, since people could enable it at their own pace. But it required countless little debates in the Debian Bug Tracking System: I still remember the people insisting that they would never use this newfangled dynamic /dev/, or complaining about their beloved /dev/cdrom symbolic link and persistent network interface names. So follow me for more rants about inevitable technologies.

Andrew Cater: 202306101010 - Debian release preparations and boot media testing in Cambridge

We've all met up in Cambridge - so there's an egw_, amacater, kibi who has travelled over to join us, Isy, RattusRattus and Sledge mostly sat round a table. The usual number of laptops, three monitors, Rattus' tower machine.Network running well and we're all ready to go, I think - there's normally a flurry of activity to get things started then a wait for a while for the first images
Coffee and tea at the ready - bacon sandwiches are on the way

[And the build process is under way - and smcv has joined us]

Freexian Collaborators: Debian Contributions: /usr-merge updates, tox 4 transition, and more! (by Utkarsh Gupta, Stefano Rivera)

Contributing to Debian is part of Freexian s mission. This article covers the latest achievements of Freexian and their collaborators. All of this is made possible by organizations subscribing to our Long Term Support contracts and consulting services.

/usr-merge, by Helmut Grohne, et al Towards the end of April, the discussion on DEP 17 on debian-devel@l.d.o initiated by Helmut Grohne took off, trying to deal with the fact that while Debian bookworm has a merged /usr, files are still being distributed to / and /usr in Debian binary packages, and moving them currently has some risk of breakage. Most participants of the discussion agreed that files should be moved, and there are several competing design ideas for doing it safely. Most of the time was spent understanding the practical implications of lifting the moratorium and moving all the files from / to /usr in a coordinated effort. With help from Emilio Pozuelo Monfort, Enrico Zini, and Raphael Hertzog, Helmut Grohne performed extensive analysis of the various aspects, including quantitative analysis of the original file move problem, analysis of effects on dpkg-divert, dpkg-statoverride, and update-alternatives, analysis of effects on filesystem bootstrapping tools. Most of the problematic cases spawned plausible workarounds, such as turning Breaks into Conflicts in selected cases or adding protective diversions for the symbolic links that enable aliasing. Towards the end of May, Andreas Beckmann reported a new failure scenario which may cause shared resources to inadvertently disappear, such as directories and even regular files in case of Multi-Arch packages, and our work on analyzing these problems and proposing mitigations is on-going. While the quantitative analysis is funded by Freexian, we wouldn t be here without the extensive feedback and ideas of many voluntary contributors from multiple areas of Debian, which are too many to name here. Thank you.

Preparing for the tox 4 transition, by Stefano Rivera While Debian was in freeze for the bookworm release, tox 4 has landed in Debian experimental, and some packages are starting to require it, upstream. It has some backwards-incompatible behavior that breaks many packages using tox through pybuild. So Stefano had to make some changes to pybuild and to many packages that run build-time tests with tox. The easy bits of this transition are now completed in git / experimental, but a few packages that integrate deeply into tox need upstream work.

Debian Printing, by Thorsten Alteholz Just before the release of Bookworm, lots of QA tools were used to inspect packages. One of these tools found a systemd service file in a wrong directory. So, Thorsten did another upload of package lprint to correct this. Thanks a lot to all the hardworking people who run such tools and file bugs. Thorsten also participated in discussions about the new Common Printing Dialog Backends (CPDB) that will be introduced in Trixie and hopefully can replace the current printing architecture in Forky.

Miscellaneous contributions
  • DebConf 23 preparations by Stefano Rivera. Some work on the website, video team planning, accounting, and team documentation.
  • Utkarsh Gupta started to prep the work on the bursary team s side for DC23.
  • Stefano spun up a website for the Hamburg mini-DebConf so that the video team could have a machine-readable schedule and a place to stream video from the event.
  • Santiago Ruano Rinc n reviewed and sponsored four python packages of a prospective Debian member.
  • Helmut Grohne supported Timo Roehling and Jochen Sprickerhof to improve cross building in 15 ROS packages.
  • Helmut Grohne supported Jochen Sprickerhof with diagnosing an e2fsprogs RC bug.
  • Helmut Grohne continued to maintain rebootstrap and located an issue with lto in gcc-13.
  • Anton Gladky fixed some RC-Bugs and uploaded a new stravalib python library.

8 June 2023

Lisandro Dami n Nicanor P rez Meyer: Adventures in Debian's Qt land

Debian (I might as well say "we", this is the beauty of it) is about to release Debian 12 aka Bookworm. Let's take a quick look at what is new in Debian Qt land. Qt 5 Bookworm has Qt 5.15.8, which is nothing but great news. KDE will be switching to Qt 6 sooner than later and Qt 5 has been a fun ride, but Dmitry Shachnev and I needed a break, or at very least not handling two Qt versions. But in the end I need to be fair: you REALLY need to thank Dmitry for Qt 5. He has been the man power behind it in 99.5% of the cases. Qt 6 This will be the first Debian release to have official Qt 6 packages. NOTHING would have happened if it weren't for Patrick "Delta-One" Franz standing up to maintain it. BIG kudos to him! Well, there is a "little lie" in the paragraph above. Thanks to The Qt Company and ICS the current Qt 6 version, 6.4.2, is also available as Bullseye's backports. The Qt Company really also helped us here by providing us almost-to-be-released tarballs of Qt 6.4.2 so we were able to push them to unstable and do a transition in time for freeze, thanks a lot for that! So, what is the Qt 6 state? At the binary side all but OpenGL ES support should be there. Sadly this was discovered too late in the release process and we still might need help maintaining it (read the link to know why!). We are still not building the documentation. Properly building the whole documentation, as with Qt 5, would require all the Qt submodules' source code in one place, which we can't (easily?) do in Debian. So building the doc means hacking the build system and getting semi-linked documentation, much like with Qt 5. Now if you think you have an idea to solve this... we are happy to hear from you! Another great thing to know about Qt 6 is that, thanks to Helmut Grohne, pure Qt 6 applications should be able to cross compile. Applications using multi-arch enabled libraries ought to work too. Even more, many Qt submodules themselves should also cross compile! Not all of them, as we missed some patches in time, but hey, if you need to cross compile Qt, you surely can apply them yourselves! And finally tests, unit tests. In Qt 5 we had some of those, but none yet in Qt 6. This is one of the areas I would love to be able to put time... but time is scarce. The future? In my point of view the Debian 13 "Trixie" development cycle will see Qt 5 diminishing it's usage and Qt 6 becoming the major Qt version used, but from the Qt 4 experience I do not expect Qt 5 being dropped during this release cycle... let's see what the future brings us. Thanks! While I mentioned Dmitry and Patrick many more people helped us reach this place. I personally want to thank the people behind the KDE software, both upstream and, of course, the Debian maintainers. You should be thankful with them too, many hours of effort go into this. And thanks to you our dear users. We are normally overflowed with what we have in our hands and might not be up to the task sometimes, but hey, you are part of the reason we are doing this!

6 June 2023

Russell Coker: PinePhonePro First Impression

Hardware I received my PinePhone Pro [1] on Thursday, it seems in many ways better than the Purism Librem 5 [2] that I have previously written about. The PinePhone is thinner, lighter, and yet has a much longer battery life. A friend described the Librem5 as the CyberTruck phone and not in a good way. In a test I had my PinePhone and my Librem5 fully charged, left them for 4.5 hours without doing anything much with them, and then the PinePhone was at 85% and the Librem5 was at 57%. So the Librem5 will run out of battery after about 10 hours of not being used while a PinePhonePro can be expected to last about 30 hours. The PinePhonePro isn t as good as some of the recent Android phones in this regard but it shows the potential to be quite usable. For this test both phones were connected to a 2.4GHz Wifi network (which uses less power than 5GHz) and doing nothing much with an out of the box configuration. A phone that is checking email, social networking, and a couple of IM services will use the battery faster. But even if the PinePhone has it s battery used twice as fast in a more realistic test that will still be usable. Here are the passmark results from the PinePhone Pro [3] which got a CPU score of 888 compared to 507 for the Librem 5 and 678 for one of the slower laptops I ve used. The results are excluded from the Passmark averages because they identified the CPU as only having 4 cores (expecting just 4*A72) while the PinePhonePro has 6 cores (2*A72+4*A53). This phone definitely has the CPU power for convergence [4]! Default OS By default the PinePhone has a KDE based GUI and the Librem5 has a GNOME based GUI. I don t like any iteration of GNOME (I have tried them all and disliked them all) and I like KDE so I will tend to like anything that is KDE based more than anything GNOME based. But in addition to that the PinePhone has an interface that looks a lot like Android with the three on-screen buttons at the bottom of the display and the way it has the slide up tray for installed apps. Android is the most popular phone OS and looking like the most common option is often a good idea for a new and different product, this seems like an objective criteria to determine that the default GUI on the PinePhone is a better choice (at least for the default). When I first booted it and connected it to Wifi the updates app said that there were 633 updates to apply, but never applied them (I tried clicking on the update button but to no avail) and didn t give any error message. For me not being Debian is enough reason to dislike Manjaro, but if that wasn t enough then the failure to update would be a good start. When I ran pacman in a terminal window it said that each package was corrupt and asked if I wanted to delete it. According to tar tvJf the packages weren t corrupt. After downloading them again it said that they were corrupt again so it seemed that pacman wasn t working correctly. When the screen is locked and a call comes in it gives a window with Accept and Reject buttons but neither of them works. The default country code for Spacebar (the SMS app) is +1 (US) even though I specified Australia on the initial login. It also doesn t get the APN unlike Android phones which seem to have some sort of list of APNs. Upgrading to Debian The Debian Wiki page about Installing on the PinePhone Pro has the basic information [5]. The first thing it covers is installing the TOW boot loader which is already installed by default in recent PinePhones (such as mine). You can recognise that TOW is installed by pressing the volume-up button in the early stages of boot up (described as before and during the second vibration ), then the LED will turn blue and the phone will act as a USB mass storage device which makes it easy to do other install/recovery tasks. The other TOW option is to press volume-down to boot from a MicroSD card (the default is to boot the OS on the eMMC). The images linked from the Debian wiki page are designed to be installed with bmaptool from the bmap-tools Debian package. After installing that package and downloading the pre-built Mobian image I installed it with the command bmaptool copy mobian-pinephonepro-phosh-bookworm-12.0-rc3.img.gz /dev/sdb where /dev/sdb is the device that the USB mapped PinePhone storage was located. That took 6 minutes and then I rebooted my PinePhone into Mobian! Unfortunately the default GUI for Mobian is GNOME/Phosh. Changing it to KDE is my next task.

Shirish Agarwal: Odisha Train Crash and Coverup, Demonetization 2.0 & NHFS-6 Survey

Just a few days back we came to know about the horrific Train Crash that happened in Odisha (Orissa). There are some things that are known and somethings that can be inferred by observance. Sadly, it seems the incident is going to be covered up  . Some of the facts that have not been contested in the public domain are that there were three lines. One loop line on which the Goods Train was standing and there was an up and a down line. So three lines were there. Apparently, the signalling system and the inter-locking system had issues as highlighted by an official about a month back. That letter, thankfully is in the public domain and I have downloaded it as well. It s a letter that goes to 4 pages. The RW is incensed that the letter got leaked and is in public domain. They are blaming everyone and espousing conspiracy theories rather than taking the minister to task. Incidentally, the Minister has three ministries that he currently holds. Ministry of Communication, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEIT), and Railways Ministry. Each Ministry in itself is important and has revenues of more than 6 lakh crore rupees. How he is able to do justice to all the three ministries is beyond me  The other thing is funds both for safety and relaying of tracks has been either not sanctioned or unutilized. In fact, CAG and the Railway Brass had shared how derailments have increased and unfulfilled vacancies but they were given no importance  In fact, not talking about safety in the recently held Chintan Shivir (brainstorming session) tells you how much the Govt. is serious about safety. In fact, most of the programme was on high speed rail which is a white elephant. I have shared a whitepaper done by RW in the U.S. that tells how high-speed rail doesn t make economic sense. And that is an economy that is 20 times + the Indian Economy. Even the Chinese are stopping with HSR as it doesn t make economic sense. Incidentally, Air Fares again went up 200% yesterday. Somebody shared in the region of 20k + for an Air ticket from their place to Bangalore  Coming back to the story itself. the Goods Train was on the loopline. Some say it was a little bit on the outer, some say otherwise, but it is established that it was on the loopline. This is standard behavior on and around Railway Stations around the world. Whether it was in the Inner or Outer doesn t make much of a difference with what happened next. The first train that collided with the goods train was the 12864 (SMVB-HWH) Yashwantpur Howrah Express and got derailed on to the next track where from the opposite direction 12841 (Shalimar- Bangalore) Coramandel Express was coming. Now they have said that around 300 people have died and that seems to be part of the cover-up. Both the trains are long trains, having between 23 odd coaches each. Even if you have reserved tickets you have 80 odd people in a coach and usually in most of these trains, it is at least double of that. Lot of money goes to TC and then above (Corruption). The Railway fares have gone up enormously but that s a question for perhaps another time  . So at the very least, we could be looking at more than 1000 people having died. The numbers are being under-reported so that nobody has to take responsibility. The Railways itself has told that it is unable to identify 80% of the people who have died. This means that 80% were unreserved ticket holders or a majority of them. There have been disturbing images as how bodies have been flung over on tractors and whatnot to be either buried or cremated without a thought. We are in peak summer season so bodies will start to rot within 24-48 hours  No arrangements made to cool the bodies and take some information and identifying marks or whatever. The whole thing being done in a very callous manner, not giving dignity to even those who have died for no fault of their own. The dissent note also tells that a cover-up is also in the picture. Apparently, India doesn t have nor does it feel to have a need for something like the NTSB that the U.S. used when it hauled both the plane manufacturer (Boeing) and the FAA when the 737 Max went down due to improper data collection and sharing of data with pilots. And with no accountability being fixed to Minister or any of the senior staff, a small junior staff person may be fired. Perhaps the same official that actually told them about the signal failures almost 3 months back  There were and are also some reports that some jugaadu /temporary fixes were applied to signalling and inter-locking just before this incident happened. I do not know nor confirm one way or the other if the above happened. I can however point out that if such a thing happened, then usually a traffic block is announced and all traffic on those lines are stopped. This has been the thing I know for decades. Traveling between Mumbai and Pune multiple times over the years am aware about traffic block. If some repair work was going on and it wasn t able to complete the work within the time-frame then that may well have contributed to the accident. There is also a bit muddying of the waters where it is being said that one of the trains was 4 hours late, which one is conflicting stories. On top of the whole thing, they have put the case to be investigated by CBI and hinting at sabotage. They also tried to paint a religious structure as mosque, later turned out to be a temple. The RW says done by Muslims as it was Friday not taking into account as shared before that most Railway maintenance works are usually done between Friday Monday. This is a practice followed not just in India but world over. There has been also move over a decade to remove wooden sleepers and have concrete sleepers. Unlike the wooden ones they do not expand and contract as much and their life is much more longer than the wooden ones. Funds had been marked (although lower than last few years) but not yet spent. As we know in case of any accident, it is when all the holes in cheese line up it happens. Fukushima is a great example of that, no sea wall even though Japan is no stranger to Tsunamis. External power at the same level as the plant. (10 meters above sea-level), no training for cascading failures scenarios which is what happened. The Days mini-series shares some but not all the faults that happened at Fukushima and the Govt. response to it. There is a difference though, the Japanese Prime Minister resigned on moral grounds. Here, nor the PM, nor the Minister would be resigning on moral grounds or otherwise :(. Zero accountability and that was partly a natural disaster, here it s man-made. In fact, both the Minister and the Prime Minister arrived with their entourages, did a PR blitzkrieg showing how concerned they are. Within 50 hours, the lines were cleared. The part-time Railway Minister shared that he knows the root cause and then few hours later has given the case to CBI. All are saying, wait for the inquiry report. To date, none of the accidents even in this Govt. has produced an investigation report. And even if it did, I am sure it will whitewash as it did in case of Adani as I had shared before in the previous blog post. Incidentally, it is reported that Adani paid off some of its debt, but when questioned as to where they got the money, complete silence on that part :(. As can be seen cover-up after cover-up  FWIW, the Coramandel Express is known as the Migrant train so has a huge number of passengers, the other one which was collided with is known as sick train as huge number of cancer patients use it to travel to Chennai and come back

Demonetization 2.0 Few days back, India announced demonetization 2.0. Surprised, don t be. Apparently, INR 2k/- is being used for corruption and Mr. Modi is unhappy about it. He actually didn t like the INR 2k/- note but was told that it was needed, who told him we are unaware to date. At that time the RBI Governor was Mr. Urjit Patel who didn t say about INR 2k/- he had said that INR 1k/- note redesigned would come in the market. That has yet to happen. What has happened is that just like INR 500/- and INR 1k/- note is concerned, RBI will no longer honor the INR 2k/- note. Obviously, this has made our neighbors angry, namely Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan etc. who do some trading with us. 2 Deccan herald columns share the limelight on it. Apparently, India wants to be the world s currency reserve but doesn t want to play by the rules for everyone else. It was pointed out that both the U.S. and Singapore had retired their currencies but they will honor that promise even today. The Singapore example being a bit closer (as it s in Asia) is perhaps a bit more relevant than the U.S. one. Singapore retired the SGD $10,000 as of 2014 but even in 2022, it remains as legal tender. They also retired the SGD $1,000 in 2020 but still remains legal tender.

So let s have a fictitious example to illustrate what is meant by what Singapore has done. Let s say I go to Singapore, rent a flat, and find a $1000 note in that house somewhere. Both practically and theoretically, I could go down to any of the banks, get the amount transferred to my wallet, bank account etc. and nobody will question. Because they have promised the same. Interestingly, the Singapore Dollar has been pretty resilient against the USD for quite a number of years vis-a-vis other Asian currencies. Most of the INR 2k/- notes were also found and exchanged in Gujarat in just a few days (The PM and HM s state.). I am sure you are looking into the mental gymnastics that the RW indulge in :(. What is sadder that most of the people who try to defend can t make sense one way or the other and start to name-call and get personal as they have nothing else

Disability questions dropped in NHFS-6 Just came to know today that in the upcoming National Family Health Survey-6 disability questions are being dropped. Why is this important. To put it simply, if you don t have numbers, you won t and can t make policies for them. India is one of the worst countries to live if you are disabled. The easiest way to share to draw attention is most Railway platforms are not at level with people. Just as Mick Lynch shares in the UK, the same is pretty much true for India too. Meanwhile in Europe, they do make an effort to be level so even disabled people have some dignity. If your public transport is sorted, then people would want much more and you will be obligated to provide for them as they are citizens. Here, we have had many reports of women being sexually molested when being transferred from platform to coach irrespective of their age or whatnot  The main takeaway is if you do not have their voice, you won t make policies for them. They won t go away but you will make life hell for them. One thing to keep in mind that most people assume that most people are disabled from birth. This may or may not be true. For e.g. in the above triple Railways accidents, there are bound to be disabled people or newly disabled people who were healthy before the accident. The most common accident is road accidents, some involving pedestrians and vehicles or both, the easiest is Ministry of Road Transport data that says 4,00,000 people sustained injuries in 2021 alone in road mishaps. And this is in a country where even accidents are highly under-reported, for more than one reason. The biggest reason especially in 2 and 4 wheeler is the increased premium they would have to pay if in an accident, so they usually compromise with the other and pay off the Traffic Inspector. Sadly, I haven t read a new book, although there are a few books I m looking forward to have. People living in India and neighbors please be careful as more heat waves are expected. Till later.

5 June 2023

Reproducible Builds: Reproducible Builds in May 2023

Welcome to the May 2023 report from the Reproducible Builds project In our reports, we outline the most important things that we have been up to over the past month. As always, if you are interested in contributing to the project, please visit our Contribute page on our website.


Holger Levsen gave a talk at the 2023 edition of the Debian Reunion Hamburg, a semi-informal meetup of Debian-related people in northern Germany. The slides are available online.
In April, Holger Levsen gave a talk at foss-north 2023 titled Reproducible Builds, the first ten years. Last month, however, Holger s talk was covered in a round-up of the conference on the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) blog.
Pronnoy Goswami, Saksham Gupta, Zhiyuan Li, Na Meng and Daphne Yao from Virginia Tech published a paper investigating the Reproducibility of NPM Packages. The abstract includes:
When using open-source NPM packages, most developers download prebuilt packages on npmjs.com instead of building those packages from available source, and implicitly trust the downloaded packages. However, it is unknown whether the blindly trusted prebuilt NPM packages are reproducible (i.e., whether there is always a verifiable path from source code to any published NPM package). [ ] We downloaded versions/releases of 226 most popularly used NPM packages and then built each version with the available source on GitHub. Next, we applied a differencing tool to compare the versions we built against versions downloaded from NPM, and further inspected any reported difference.
The paper reports that among the 3,390 versions of the 226 packages, only 2,087 versions are reproducible, and furthermore that multiple factors contribute to the non-reproducibility including flexible versioning information in package.json file and the divergent behaviors between distinct versions of tools used in the build process. The paper concludes with insights for future verifiable build procedures. Unfortunately, a PDF is not available publically yet, but a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is available on the paper s IEEE page.
Elsewhere in academia, Betul Gokkaya, Leonardo Aniello and Basel Halak of the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton published a new paper containing a broad overview of attacks and comprehensive risk assessment for software supply chain security. Their paper, titled Software supply chain: review of attacks, risk assessment strategies and security controls, analyses the most common software supply-chain attacks by providing the latest trend of analyzed attack, and identifies the security risks for open-source and third-party software supply chains. Furthermore, their study introduces unique security controls to mitigate analyzed cyber-attacks and risks by linking them with real-life security incidence and attacks . (arXiv.org, PDF)
NixOS is now tracking two new reports at reproducible.nixos.org. Aside from the collection of build-time dependencies of the minimal and Gnome installation ISOs, this page now also contains reports that are restricted to the artifacts that make it into the image. The minimal ISO is currently reproducible except for Python 3.10, which hopefully will be resolved with the coming update to Python version 3.11.
On our rb-general mailing list this month: David A. Wheeler started a thread noting that the OSSGadget project s oss-reproducible tool was measuring something related to but not the same as reproducible builds. Initially they had adopted the term semantically reproducible build term for what it measured, which they defined as being if its build results can be either recreated exactly (a bit for bit reproducible build), or if the differences between the release package and a rebuilt package are not expected to produce functional differences in normal cases. This generated a significant number of replies, and several were concerned that people might confuse what they were measuring with reproducible builds . After discussion, the OSSGadget developers decided to switch to the term semantically equivalent for what they measured in order to reduce the risk of confusion. Vagrant Cascadian (vagrantc) posted an update about GCC, binutils, and Debian s build-essential set with some progress, some hope, and I daresay, some fears . Lastly, kpcyrd asked a question about building a reproducible Linux kernel package for Arch Linux (answered by Arnout Engelen). In the same, thread David A. Wheeler pointed out that the Linux Kernel documentation has a chapter about Reproducible kernel builds now as well.
In Debian this month, nine reviews of Debian packages were added, 20 were updated and 6 were removed this month, all adding to our knowledge about identified issues. In addition, Vagrant Cascadian added a link to the source code causing various ecbuild issues. [ ]
The F-Droid project updated its Inclusion How-To with a new section explaining why it considers reproducible builds to be best practice and hopes developers will support the team s efforts to make as many (new) apps reproducible as it reasonably can.
In diffoscope development this month, version 242 was uploaded to Debian unstable by Chris Lamb who also made the following changes: In addition, Mattia Rizzolo documented how to (re)-produce a binary blob in the code [ ] and Vagrant Cascadian updated the version of diffoscope in GNU Guix to 242 [ ].
reprotest is our tool for building the same source code twice in different environments and then checking the binaries produced by each build for any differences. This month, Holger Levsen uploaded versions 0.7.24 and 0.7.25 to Debian unstable which added support for Tox versions 3 and 4 with help from Vagrant Cascadian [ ][ ][ ]

Upstream patches The Reproducible Builds project detects, dissects and attempts to fix as many currently-unreproducible packages as possible. We endeavour to send all of our patches upstream where appropriate. This month, we wrote a large number of such patches, including: In addition, Jason A. Donenfeld filed a bug (now fixed in the latest alpha version) in the Android issue tracker to report that generateLocaleConfig in Android Gradle Plugin version 8.1.0 generates XML files using non-deterministic ordering, breaking reproducible builds. [ ]

Testing framework The Reproducible Builds project operates a comprehensive testing framework (available at tests.reproducible-builds.org) in order to check packages and other artifacts for reproducibility. In May, a number of changes were made by Holger Levsen:
  • Update the kernel configuration of arm64 nodes only put required modules in the initrd to save space in the /boot partition. [ ]
  • A huge number of changes to a new tool to document/track Jenkins node maintenance, including adding --fetch, --help, --no-future and --verbose options [ ][ ][ ][ ] as well as adding a suite of new actions, such as apt-upgrade, command, deploy-git, rmstamp, etc. [ ][ ][ ][ ] in addition a significant amount of refactoring [ ][ ][ ][ ].
  • Issue warnings if apt has updates to install. [ ]
  • Allow Jenkins to run apt get update in maintenance job. [ ]
  • Installed bind9-dnsutils on some Ubuntu 18.04 nodes. [ ][ ]
  • Fixed the Jenkins shell monitor to correctly deal with little-used directories. [ ]
  • Updated the node health check to warn when apt upgrades are available. [ ]
  • Performed some node maintenance. [ ]
In addition, Vagrant Cascadian added the nocheck, nopgo and nolto when building gcc-* and binutils packages [ ] as well as performed some node maintenance [ ][ ]. In addition, Roland Clobus updated the openQA configuration to specify longer timeouts and access to the developer mode [ ] and updated the URL used for reproducible Debian Live images [ ].

If you are interested in contributing to the Reproducible Builds project, please visit our Contribute page on our website. However, you can get in touch with us via:

4 June 2023

Thorsten Alteholz: My Debian Activities in May 2023

FTP master This month I accepted 157 and rejected 22 packages. The overall number of packages that got accepted was 160. Debian LTS This was my hundred-seventh month that I did some work for the Debian LTS initiative, started by Raphael Hertzog at Freexian. This month my all in all workload has been 14h. During that time I uploaded: The CVEs for cups-filters and cups have been embargoed ones, so the work for cups was done in May but the uploads happen in June. I also did some work on security-master to inject missing dependencies for hugo and gitlab-workhose. Last but not least I did some days on frontdesk duties. Debian ELTS This month was the fifty eighth ELTS month. The CVEs for cups-filters and cups have been embargoed ones, so the work for cups was done in May but the uploads happen in June. Last but not least I did some days on frontdesk duties. Debian Astro This month I uploaded some packages to fix RC bugs, that were
detected by one of many QA tools: Thanks a lot to all the hardworking people who run these tools! Debian Printing This month I could fix RC bugs in: This work is generously funded by Freexian! Debian Mobcom This month I could fix RC bugs in: Other stuff Some other packages also had last minute RC bugs: I even did an upload of a new package force-ip-protocol. I finally had enough of people using IPv6 for their hosts but are unable to configure it. Now I can force firefox, or whatever software, to only use IPv4. One nuisance settled.

Debian Brasil: Oficina de tradu o do Manual do(a) Administrador(a) Debian em 13 de junho

A equipe de tradu o do Debian para o portugu s do Brasil realizar , no dia 13 de junho a partir das 20h, uma oficina de tradu o do Manual do(a) Administrador(a) Debian (The Debian Administrator's Handbook). O objetivo mostrar aos( s) iniciantes como colaborar na tradu o deste importante material, que existe desde 2004 e vem sendo traduzido para o portugu s ao longo dos anos. Agora a tradu o precisa ser atualizada para a vers o 12 do Debian (bookworm), que ser lan ada este m s. A ferramenta usada para traduzir o Manual o site weblate, ent o voc j pode criar sua conta e acessar o Projeto Debian Handbook para se ambientar. A oficina acontecer no formato online, e o link para participar da sala no jitsi ser divulgado no grupo debl10nptBR no telegram e no canal #debian-l10n-br do IRC.

3 June 2023

Ben Hutchings: FOSS activity in May 2023

2 June 2023

Jelmer Vernooij: Porting Python projects to Rust

I ve recently been working on porting some of my Python code to rust, both for performance reasons, and because of the strong typing in the language. As a fan of Haskell, I also just really enjoy using the language. Porting any large project to a new language can be a challenge. There is a temptation to do a rewrite from the ground-up in idiomatic rust and using all new fancy features of the language.
Porting in one go However, this is a bit of a trap:
  • It blocks other work. It can take a long time to finish the rewrite, during which time there is no good place to make other bug fixes/feature changes. If you make the change in the python branch, then you may also have to patch the in-progress rust fork.
  • No immediate return on investment. While the rewrite is happening, all of the investment in it is sunk costs.
  • Throughout the process, you can only run the tests for subsystems that have already been ported. It s common to find subtle bugs later in code ported early.
  • Understanding existing code, porting it and making it idiomatic rust all at the same time takes more time and post-facto debugging.
Iterative porting Instead, we ve found that it works much better to take an iterative approach. One of the hidden gems of rust is the excellent PyO3 crate, which allows creating python bindings for rust code in a way that is several times less verbose and less painful than C or SWIG. Because of rust s strong ownership model, it s also really hard to muck up e.g. reference counts when creating Python bindings for rust code. We port individual functions or classes to rust one at a time, starting with functionality that doesn t have dependencies on other python code and gradually working our way up the call stack. Each subsystem of the code is converted to two matching rust crates: one with a port of the code to pure rust, and one with python bindings for the rust code. Generally multiple python modules end up being a single pair of rust crates. The signature for the pure Rust code follow rust conventions, but the business logic is mostly ported as-is (just in rust syntax) and the signatures of the python bindings match that of the original python code. This then allows running the original python tests to verify that the code still behaves the same way. Changes can also immediately land on the main branch. A subsequent step is usually to refactor the rust code to be more idiomatic - all the while keeping the tests passing. There is also the potential to e.g. switch to using external rust crates (with perhaps subtly different behaviour), or drop functionality altogether. At some point, we will also port the tests from python to rust, and potentially drop the python bindings - once all the caller s have been converted to rust.
Example For example, imagine I have a Python module janitor/mail_filter.py with this function:
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def parse_plain_text_body(text):
   lines = text.splitlines()
   for i, line in enumerate(lines):
       if line == 'Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub:':
           return lines[i + 1].split('#')[0]
       if (line == 'For more details, see:'
               and lines[i + 1].startswith('https://code.launchpad.net/')):
           return lines[i + 1]
       try:
           (field, value) = line.split(':', 1)
       except ValueError:
           continue
       if field.lower() == 'merge request url':
           return value.strip()
   return None
Porting this to rust naively (in a crate I ve called mailfilter ) it might look something like this:
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pub fn parse_plain_text_body(text: &str) -> Option<String>  
     let lines: Vec<&str> = text.lines().collect();
     for (i, line) in lines.iter().enumerate()  
         if line == &"Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub:"  
             return Some(lines[i + 1].split('#').next().unwrap().to_string());
          
         if line == &"For more details, see:"
             && lines[i + 1].starts_with("https://code.launchpad.net/")
          
             return Some(lines[i + 1].to_string());
          
         if let Some((field, value)) = line.split_once(':')  
             if field.to_lowercase() == "merge request url"  
                 return Some(value.trim().to_string());
              
          
      
     None
  
Bindings are created in a crate called mailfilter-py, which looks like this:
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use pyo3::prelude::*;
 #[pyfunction]
 fn parse_plain_text_body(text: &str) -> Option<String>  
     janitor_mail_filter::parse_plain_text_body(text)
  
 #[pymodule]
 pub fn _mail_filter(py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()>  
     m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(parse_plain_text_body, m)?)?;
     Ok(())
  
The metadata for the crates is what you d expect. mailfilter-py uses PyO3 and depends on mailfilter.
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[package]
 name = "mailfilter-py"
 version = "0.0.0"
 authors = ["Jelmer Vernoo  <jelmer@jelmer.uk>"]
 edition = "2018"
 [lib]
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 [dependencies]
 janitor-mail-filter =   path = "../mailfilter"  
 pyo3 =   version = ">=0.14", features = ["extension-module"] 
I use python-setuptools-rust to get the python ecosystem to build the python bindings. Here is what setup.py looks like:
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#!/usr/bin/python3
from setuptools import setup
from setuptools_rust import RustExtension, Binding
setup(
        rust_extensions=[RustExtension(
        "janitor._mailfilter", "crates/mailfilter-py/Cargo.toml",
        binding=Binding.PyO3)],
)
And of course, setuptools-rust needs to be listed as a setup requirement in pyproject.toml or setup.cfg. After that, we can replace the original python code with a simple import and verify that the tests still run:
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from ._mailfilter import parse_plain_text_body
Of course, not all bindings are as simple as this. Iterators in particular are more complicated, as is code that has a loose idea of ownership in python. But I ve found that the time investment is usually well worth the ability to land changes on the development head early and often. I d be curious to hear if people have had success with other approaches to porting Python code to Rust. If you do, please leave a comment.

1 June 2023

Russell Coker: Do Desktop Computers Make Sense?

Laptop vs Desktop Price Currently the smaller and cheaper USB-C docks start at about $25 and Dell has a new Vostro with 8G of RAM and 2*USB-C ports for $788. That gives a bit over $800 for a laptop and dock vs $795 for the cheapest Dell desktop which also has 8G of RAM. For every way of buying laptops and desktops (EG buying from Officeworks, buying on ebay, etc) the prices for laptops and desktops seem very similar. For all those comparisons the desktop will typically have a faster CPU and more options for PCIe cards, larger storage, etc. But if you don t want to expand storage beyond the affordable 4TB NVMe/SSD devices, don t need to add PCIe cards, and don t need much CPU power then a laptop will do well. For the vast majority of the computer work I do my Thinkpad Carbon X1 Gen1 (from 2012) had plenty of CPU power. If someone who s not an expert in PC hardware was to buy a computer of a given age then laptops probably aren t more expensive than desktops even disregarding the fact that a laptop works without the need to purchase a monitor, a keyboard, or a mouse. I can get regular desktop PCs for almost nothing and get parts to upgrade them very cheaply but most people can t do that. I can also get a decent second-hand laptop and USB-C dock for well under $400. Servers and Gaming Systems For people doing serious programming or other compute or IO intensive tasks some variation on the server theme is the best option. That may be something more like the servers used by the r/homelab people than the corporate servers, or it might be something in the cloud, but a server is a server. If you are going to have a home server that s a tower PC then it makes sense to put a monitor on it and use it as a workstation. If your server makes so much noise that you can t spend much time in the same room or if it s hosted elsewhere then using a laptop to access it makes sense. Desktop computers for PC gaming makes sense as no-one seems to be making laptops with moderately powerful GPUs. The most powerful GPUs draw 150W which is more than most laptop PSUs can supply and even if a laptop PSU could supply that much there would be the issue of cooling. The Steam Deck [1] and the Nintendo Switch [2] can both work with USB-C docks. The PlayStation 5 [3] has a 350W PSU and doesn t support video over USB-C. The Steam Deck can do 8K resolution at 60Hz or 4K at 120Hz but presumably the newer Steam games will need a desktop PC with a more powerful GPU to properly use such resolutions. For people who want the best FPS rates on graphics intensive games it could make sense to have a tower PC. Also a laptop that s run at high CPU/GPU use for a long time will tend to have it s vents clogged by dust and possibly have the cooling fan wear out. Monitor Resolution Laptop support for a single 4K monitor became common in 2012 with the release of the Ivy Bridge mobile CPUs from Intel in 2012. My own experience of setting up 4K monitors for a Linux desktop in 2019 was that it was unreasonably painful and that the soon to be released Debian/Bookworm will make things work nicely for 4K monitors with KDE on X11. So laptop hardware has handled the case of a single high resolution monitor since before such monitors were cheap or common and before software supported it well. Of course at that time you had to use either a proprietary dock or a mini-DisplayPort to HDMI adaptor to get 4K working. But that was still easier than getting PCIe video cards supporting 4K resolution which is something that according to spec sheets wasn t well supported by affordable cards in 2017. Since USB-C became a standard feature in laptops in about 2017 support of more monitors than most people would want through a USB-C dock became standard. My Thinkpad X1 Carbon Gen5 which was released in 2017 will support 2*FullHD monitors plus a 4K monitor via a USB-C dock, I suspect it would do at least 2*4K monitors but haven t had a chance to test. Cheap USB-C docks supporting this sort of thing have only become common in the last year or so. How Many Computers per Home Among middle class Australians it s common to have multiple desktop PCs per household. One for each child who s over the age of about 13 and one for the parents seems to be reasonably common. Students in the later years of high-school and university students are often compelled to have laptops so having the number of laptops plus the number of desktops be larger than the population of the house probably isn t uncommon even among people who aren t really into computers. As an aside it s probably common among people who read my blog to have 2 desktops, a laptop, and a cloud server for their own personal use. But even among people who don t do that sort of thing having computers outnumber people in a home is probably common. A large portion of the computer users can do everything they need on a laptop. For gamers the graphics intensive games often run well on a console and that s probably the most effective way of getting to playing the games. Of course the fact that there is RGB RAM (RAM with Red, Green, and Blue LEDs to light up) along with a lot of other wild products sold to gamers suggests that gaming PCs are not about what runs the game most effectively and that an art/craft project with the PC is more important than actually playing games. Instead of having one desktop PC per bedroom and laptops for school/university as well it would make more sense to have a laptop per person and have a USB-C dock and monitor in each bedroom and a USB-C dock connected to a large screen TV in the lounge. This gives plenty of flexibility for moving around to do work and sharing what s on your computer with other people. It also allows taking a work computer home and having work with your monitor, having a friend bring their laptop to your home to work on something together, etc. For most people desktop computers don t make sense. While I think that convergence of phones with laptops and desktops is the way of the future [4] for most people having laptops take over all functions of desktops is the best option today.

Jamie McClelland: Enough about the AI Apocalypse Already

After watching Democracy Now s segment on artificial intelligence I started to wonder - am I out of step on this topic? When people claim artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence and thus threaten humanity with extinction, they seem to be referring specifically to advances made with large language models. As I understand them, large language models are probability machines that have ingested massive amounts of text scraped from the Internet. They answer questions based on the probability of one series of words (their answer) following another series of words (the question). It seems like a stretch to call this intelligence, but if we accept that definition then it follows that this kind of intelligence is nothing remotely like human intelligence, which makes the claim that it will surpass human intelligence confusing. Hasn t this kind of machine learning surpassed us decades ago? Or when we say surpass does that simply refer to fooling people into thinking an AI machine is a human via conversation? That is an important milestone, but I m not ready to accept the turing test as proof of equal intelligence. Furthermore, large language models hallucinate and also reflect the biases of their training data. The word hallucinate seems like a euphemism, as if it could be corrected with the right medication when in fact it seems hard to avoid when your strategy is to correlate words based on probability. But even if you could solve the here is a completely wrong answer presented with sociopathic confidence problem, reflecting the biases of your data sources seems fairly intractable. In what world would a system with built-in bias be considered on the brink of surpassing human intelligence? The danger from LLMs seems to be their ability to convince people that their answers are correct, including their patently wrong and/or biased answers. Why do people think they are giving correct answers? Oh right terrifying right wing billionaires (with terrifying agendas have been claiming AI will exceed human intelligence and threaten humanity and every time they sign a hyperbolic statement they get front page mainstream coverage. And even progressive news outlets are spreading this narrative with minimal space for contrary opinions (thank you Tawana Petty from the Algorithmic Justice League for providing the only glimpse of reason in the segment). The belief that artificial intelligence is or will soon become omnipotent has real world harms today: specifically it creates the misperception that current LLMs are accurate, which paves the way for greater adoption among police forces, social service agencies, medical facilities and other places where racial and economic biases have life and death consequences. When the CEO of OpenAI calls the technology dangerous and in need of regulation, he gets both free advertising promoting the power and supposed accuracy of his product and the possibility of freezing further developments in the field that might challenge OpenAI s current dominance. The real threat to humanity is not AI, it s massive inequality and the use of tactics ranging from mundane bureaucracy to deadly force and incarceration to segregate the affluent from the growing number of people unable to make ends meet. We have spent decades training bureaucrats, judges and cops to robotically follow biased laws to maintain this order without compassion or empathy. Replacing them with AI would be make things worse and should be stopped. But, let s be clear, the narrative that AI is poised to surpass human intelligence and make humanity extinct is a dangerous distraction that runs counter to a much more important story about the very real and very present exploitative practices of the [companies building AI], who are rapidly centralizing power and increasing social inequities. . Maybe we should talk about that instead?

Paul Wise: FLOSS Activities May 2023

Focus This month I didn't have any particular focus. I just worked on issues in my info bubble.

Changes

Issues

Review

Administration
  • Debian IRC: set topic on new #debian-sa channel
  • Debian wiki: unblock IP addresses, approve accounts

Communication
  • Respond to queries from Debian users and contributors on the mailing lists and IRC

Sponsors The SIMDe, gensim, sptag work was sponsored. All other work was done on a volunteer basis.

31 May 2023

Arturo Borrero Gonz lez: Wikimedia Hackathon 2023 Athens summary

Post logo During the weekend of 19-23 May 2023 I attended the Wikimedia hackathon 2023 in Athens, Greece. The event physically reunited folks interested in the more technological aspects of the Wikimedia movement in person for the first time since 2019. The scope of the hacking projects include (but was not limited to) tools, wikipedia bots, gadgets, server and network infrastructure, data and other technical systems. My role in the event was two-fold: on one hand I was in the event because of my role as SRE in the Wikimedia Cloud Services team, where we provided very valuable services to the community, and I was expected to support the technical contributors of the movement that were around. Additionally, and because of that same role, I did some hacking myself too, which was specially augmented given I generally collaborate on a daily basis with some community members that were present in the hacking room. The hackathon had some conference-style track and I ran a session with my coworker Bryan, called Past, Present and Future of Wikimedia Cloud Services (Toolforge and friends) (slides) which was very satisfying to deliver given the friendly space that it was. I attended a bunch of other sessions, and all of them were interesting and well presented. The number of ML themes that were present in the program schedule was exciting. I definitely learned a lot from attending those sessions, from how LLMs work, some fascinating applications for them in the wikimedia space, to what were some industry trends for training and hosting ML models. Session Despite the sessions, the main purpose of the hackathon was, well, hacking. While I was in the hacking space for more than 12 hours each day, my ability to get things done was greatly reduced by the constant conversations, help requests, and other social interactions with the folks. Don t get me wrong, I embraced that reality with joy, because the social bonding aspect of it is perhaps the main reason why we gathered in person instead of virtually. That being said, this is a rough list of what I did: The hackathon was also the final days of Technical Engagement as an umbrella group for WMCS and Developer Advocacy teams within the Technology department of the Wikimedia Foundation because of an internal reorg.. We used the chance to reflect on the pleasant time we have had together since 2019 and take a final picture of the few of us that were in person in the event. Technical Engagement It wasn t the first Wikimedia Hackathon for me, and I felt the same as in previous iterations: it was a welcoming space, and I was surrounded by friends and nice human beings. I ended the event with a profound feeling of being privileged, because I was part of the Wikimedia movement, and because I was invited to participate in it.

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