The Reproducible Builds project relies on several projects, supporters and sponsors for financial support, but they are also valued as ambassadors who spread the word about our project and the work that we do.
This is the fourth instalment in a series featuring the projects, companies and individuals who support the Reproducible Builds project.
We started this series by
featuring the Civil Infrastructure Platform project and followed this up with a
post about the Ford Foundation as well as a recent ones
about ARDC and the
Google Open Source Security Team (GOSST). Today, however, we will be talking with Jan Nieuwenhuizen about Bootstrappable Builds, GNU Mes and GNU Guix.
Chris Lamb: Hi Jan, thanks for taking the time to talk with us today. First, could you briefly tell me about yourself?
Jan: Thanks for the chat; it s been a while! Well, I ve always been trying to find something new and interesting that is just asking to be created but is mostly being overlooked. That s how I came to work on
GNU Guix and create
GNU Mes to address the bootstrapping problem that we have in free software. It s also why I have been working on releasing
Dezyne, a programming language and set of tools to specify and formally verify concurrent software systems as free software.
Briefly summarised, compilers are often written in the language they are compiling. This creates a chicken-and-egg problem which leads users and distributors to rely on opaque, pre-built binaries of those compilers that they use to build newer versions of the compiler. To gain trust in our computing platforms, we need to be able to tell how each part was produced from source, and opaque binaries are a threat to user security and user freedom since they are not auditable. The goal of bootstrappability (and the
bootstrappable.org project in particular) is to minimise the amount of these bootstrap binaries.
Anyway, after studying Physics at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), I worked for
digicash.com, a startup trying to create a digital and anonymous payment system sadly, however, a traditional account-based system won. Separate to this, as there was no software (either free or proprietary) to automatically create beautiful music notation, together with Han-Wen Nienhuys, I created
GNU LilyPond. Ten years ago, I took the initiative to
co-found a democratic school in Eindhoven based on the principles of
sociocracy. And last Christmas I finally went vegan, after being mostly vegetarian for about 20 years!
Chris: For those who have not heard of it before, what is GNU Guix? What are the key differences between Guix and other Linux distributions?
Jan: GNU Guix is both a package manager and a full-fledged GNU/Linux distribution. In both forms, it provides state-of-the-art package management features such as transactional upgrades and package roll-backs, hermetical-sealed build environments, unprivileged package management as well as per-user profiles. One obvious difference is that Guix forgoes the usual
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (ie.
/usr,
/lib, etc.), but there are other significant differences too, such as Guix being scriptable using
Guile/Scheme, as well as Guix s dedication and focus on free software.
Chris: How does GNU Guix relate to
GNU Mes? Or, rather, what problem is Mes attempting to solve?
Jan: GNU Mes was created to address the security concerns that arise from bootstrapping an operating system such as Guix. Even if this process entirely involves free software (i.e. the source code is, at least, available), this commonly uses large and unauditable binary blobs.
Mes is a Scheme interpreter written in a simple subset of C and a C compiler written in Scheme, and it comes with a small, bootstrappable C library. Twice, the Mes bootstrap has halved the size of opaque binaries that were needed to bootstrap GNU Guix. These reductions were achieved by first replacing
GNU Binutils,
GNU GCC and the
GNU C Library with Mes, and then replacing Unix utilities such as
awk,
bash,
coreutils,
grep sed, etc., by Gash and Gash-Utils. The final goal of Mes is to help create a full-source bootstrap for any interested UNIX-like operating system.
Chris: What is the current status of Mes?
Jan: Mes supports all that is needed from
R5RS and
GNU Guile to run MesCC with Nyacc, the C parser written for Guile, for 32-bit x86 and ARM. The next step for Mes would be more compatible with Guile, e.g., have
guile-module support and support running Gash and Gash Utils.
In working to create a full-source bootstrap, I have disregarded the kernel and Guix build system for now, but otherwise, all packages should be built from source, and obviously, no binary blobs should go in. We still need a Guile binary to execute some scripts, and it will take at least another one to two years to remove that binary. I m using the 80/20 approach, cutting corners initially to get something working and useful early.
Another metric would be how many architectures we have. We are quite a way with ARM, tinycc now works, but there are still problems with GCC and Glibc. RISC-V is coming, too, which could be another metric. Someone has looked into picking up NixOS this summer. How many distros do anything about reproducibility or bootstrappability? The bootstrappability community is so small that we don t need metrics, sadly. The number of bytes of binary seed is a nice metric, but running the whole thing on a full-fledged Linux system is tough to put into a metric. Also, it is worth noting that I m developing on a modern Intel machine (ie. a platform with a
management engine), that s another key component that doesn t have metrics.
Chris: From your perspective as a Mes/Guix user and developer, what does reproducibility mean to you? Are there any related projects?
Jan: From my perspective, I m more into the problem of bootstrapping, and reproducibility is a prerequisite for bootstrappability. Reproducibility clearly takes a lot of effort to achieve, however. It s relatively easy to install some Linux distribution and be happy, but if you look at communities that really care about security, they are investing in reproducibility and other ways of improving the security of their supply chain. Projects I believe are complementary to Guix and Mes include
NixOS,
Debian and on the hardware side the
RISC-V platform shares many of our core principles and goals.
Chris: Well, what are these principles and goals?
Jan: Reproducibility and bootstrappability often feel like the next step in the frontier of free software. If you have all the sources and you can t reproduce a binary, that just doesn t feel right anymore. We should start to desire (and demand) transparent, elegant and auditable software stacks. To a certain extent, that s always been a low-level intent since the beginning of free software, but something clearly got lost along the way.
On the other hand, if you look at the
NPM or
Rust ecosystems, we see a world where people directly install binaries. As they are not as supportive of copyleft as the rest of the free software community, you can see that movement and people in our area are doing more as a response to that so that what we have continues to remain free, and to prevent us from falling asleep and waking up in a couple of years and see, for example, Rust in the Linux kernel and (more importantly) we require big binary blobs to use our systems. It s an excellent time to advance right now, so we should get a foothold in and ensure we don t lose any more.
Chris: What would be your ultimate reproducibility goal? And what would the key steps or milestones be to reach that?
Jan: The ultimate goal would be to have a system built with open hardware, with all software on it fully bootstrapped from its source. This bootstrap path should be easy to replicate and straightforward to inspect and audit. All fully reproducible, of course! In essence, we would have solved the supply chain security problem.
Our biggest challenge is ignorance. There is much unawareness about the importance of what we are doing. As it is rather technical and doesn t really affect everyday computer use, that is not surprising. This unawareness can be a great force driving us in the opposite direction. Think of Rust being allowed in the Linux kernel, or Python being required to build a recent
GNU C library (glibc). Also, the fact that companies like Google/Apple still want to play us vs them , not willing to to support GPL software. Not ready yet to truly support user freedom.
Take the infamous
log4j bug everyone is using open source these days, but nobody wants to take responsibility and help develop or nurture the community. Not ecosystem , as that s how it s being approached right now: live and let live/die: see what happens without taking any responsibility. We are growing and we are strong and we can do a lot but if we have to work against those powers, it can become problematic. So, let s spread our great message and get more people involved!
Chris: What has been your biggest win?
Jan: From a technical point of view, the
full-source bootstrap has have been our biggest win. A talk by Carl Dong at the 2019
Breaking Bitcoin conference stated that connecting
Jeremiah Orian s Stage0 project to Mes would be the holy grail of bootstrapping, and we recently managed to achieve just that: in other words, starting from
hex0, 357-byte binary, we can now build the entire Guix system.
This past year we have not made significant
visible progress, however, as our funding was unfortunately not there. The Stage0 project has advanced in RISC-V. A month ago, though, I secured
NLnet funding for another year, and thanks to NLnet, Ekaitz Zarraga and Timothy Sample will work on GNU Mes and the Guix bootstrap as well. Separate to this, the bootstrappable community has grown a lot from two people it was six years ago: there are now currently over 100 people in the
#bootstrappable IRC channel, for example. The enlarged community is possibly an even more important win going forward.
Chris: How realistic is a 100% bootstrappable toolchain? And from someone who has been working in this area for a while, is solving
Trusting Trust) actually feasible in reality?
Jan: Two answers: Yes and no, it really depends on your definition. One great thing is that the whole
Stage0 project can also run on the Knight virtual machine, a hardware platform that was designed, I think, in the 1970s. I believe we can and must do better than we are doing today, and that there s a lot of value in it.
The core issue is not the trust; we can probably all trust each other. On the other hand, we don t want to trust each other or even ourselves. I am not, personally, going to inspect my RISC-V laptop, and other people create the hardware and do probably not want to inspect the software. The answer comes back to being conscientious and doing what is right. Inserting GCC as a binary blob is not right. I think we can do better, and that s what I d like to do. The security angle is interesting, but I don t like the paranoid part of that; I like the beauty of what we are creating together and stepwise improving on that.
Chris: Thanks for taking the time to talk to us today. If someone wanted to get in touch or learn more about GNU Guix or Mes, where might someone go?
Jan: Sure! First, check out:
I m also on Twitter (
@janneke_gnu) and on
octodon.social (
@janneke@octodon.social).
Chris: Thanks for taking the time to talk to us today.
Jan: No problem. :)
For more information about the Reproducible Builds project, please see our website at
reproducible-builds.org. If you are interested in
ensuring the ongoing security of the software that underpins our civilisation
and wish to sponsor the Reproducible Builds project, please reach out to the
project by emailing
contact@reproducible-builds.org.
Youtube has a really nice RSS feature that is extremely well hidden.
If you postfix a Channel ID to
Now, some user pages may have multiple valid RSS feeds because they contain multiple channels.
Remember the TED page from above? Well run:
You probably want the last Channel ID listed above, the non-selective "TED" one. And that's the one from the example above.
Update
02.06.2022:
smpl wrote in and has the much better solution for the most frequent use cases:
As promised, on this post I m going to explain how I ve configured this blog
using 
This post was originally published in the 
I received some feedback on the first part of interviews about the
internet with children that I d like to share publicly here. Thank you!
Your thoughts and experiences are important to me!
After going to an incredible 
The current metalfinder version (
This means that I can 
Checks out.
Indeed, the GTK folks have managed to develop a similar solution named
As a board, we have been working on several initiatives to make the Foundation a better asset for the GNOME Project. We re working on a number of threads in parallel, so I wanted to explain the big picture a bit more to try and connect together things like the new ED search and the bylaw changes.
We re all here to see free and open source software succeed and thrive, so that people can be be truly empowered with agency over their technology, rather than being passive consumers. We want to bring GNOME to as many people as possible so that they have computing devices that they can inspect, trust, share and learn from.
In previous years we ve tried to boost the relevance of GNOME (or technologies such as GTK) or solicit donations from businesses and individuals with existing engagement in FOSS ideology and technology. The problem with this approach is that we re mostly addressing people and organisations who are already supporting or contributing FOSS in some way. To truly scale our impact, we need to look to the outside world, build better awareness of GNOME outside of our current user base, and find opportunities to secure funding to invest back into the GNOME project.
The Foundation supports the GNOME project with infrastructure, arranging conferences, sponsoring hackfests and travel, design work, legal support, managing sponsorships, advisory board, being the fiscal sponsor of GNOME, GTK, Flathub and we will keep doing all of these things. What we re talking about here are additional ways for the Foundation to support the GNOME project we want to go beyond these activities, and invest into GNOME to grow its adoption amongst people who need it. This has a cost, and that means in parallel with these initiatives, we need to find partners to fund this work.
Neil has previously talked about themes such as education, advocacy, privacy, but we ve not previously translated these into clear specific initiatives that we would establish in addition to the Foundation s existing work. This is all a work in progress and we welcome any feedback from the community about refining these ideas, but here are the current strategic initiatives the board is working on. We ve been thinking about growing our community by encouraging and retaining diverse contributors, and addressing evolving computing needs which aren t currently well served on the desktop.
Initiative 1. Welcoming newcomers. The community is already spending a lot of time welcoming newcomers and teaching them the best practices. Those activities are as time consuming as they are important, but currently a handful of individuals are running initiatives such as GSoC, Outreachy and outreach to Universities. These activities help bring diverse individuals and perspectives into the community, and helps them develop skills and experience of collaborating to create Open Source projects. We want to make those efforts more sustainable by finding sponsors for these activities. With funding, we can hire people to dedicate their time to operating these programs, including paid mentors and creating materials to support newcomers in future, such as developer documentation, examples and tutorials. This is the initiative that needs to be refined the most before we can turn it into something real.
Initiative 2: Diverse and sustainable Linux app ecosystem. I spoke at the Linux App Summit about the work that GNOME and Endless has been supporting in Flathub, but this is an example of something which has a great overlap between commercial, technical and mission-based advantages. The key goal here is to improve the financial sustainability of participating in our community, which in turn has an impact on the diversity of who we can expect to afford to enter and remain in our community. We believe the existence of this is critically important for individual developers and contributors to unlock earning potential from our ecosystem, through donations or app sales. In turn, a healthy app ecosystem also improves the usefulness of the Linux desktop as a whole for potential users. We believe that we can build a case for commercial vendors in the space to join an advisory board alongside with GNOME, KDE, etc to input into the governance and contribute to the costs of growing Flathub.
Initiative 3: Local-first applications for the GNOME desktop. This is what Thib has been starting to discuss on Discourse,